Os s uyavuma charras Lezi izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezakha i-charrería, umdlalo wendabuko waseMexico. I-charros, njengoba babaziwa kanjalo ababambiqhaza, kufanele babonise amakhono abo okugijima kwamahhashi kanye ne-cowgirl ngokwenza uchungechunge lwezindlela zokuqondisa eplaza.
Imvelaphi yale mikhuba ijwayele ukuvela ngesikhathi abantu basesigodlweni beqala ukusebenza njengabafuyi bezinkomo. Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi abantu abangebona abaseSpain benqatshelwa ukusebenzisa amahhashi, ngakho kwakudingeka basungule izindlela ezintsha zokuthambisa noma ukuphatha izilwane.
Phakathi noMbuso WaseMexico futhi kamuva ne-Porfiriato, i-charrería yaba nokuthuthuka okuqinile, nakuba kwaze kwaba ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 lapho yaqala khona ukuthathwa njengomdlalo. Ngaphambi kwalokho, imibukiso eyayiqhutshwa u-charros ezweni lonke yayisivele idumile.
Kukhona ama-charras da sorte ayisishiyagalolunye (lucky charras) ayenzeka ngesikhathi semiqhudelwano nemibukiso. Amanye anamahhashi kanti amanye angenawo, kodwa wonke ayamangalisa. I-charrería imenyezelwe njengeNdawo Yamagugu Omhlaba ngo-December 9, 1.
Umsuka nomlando
I-charrería ivame ukuchazwa njengombukiso wamakhono e-charro. Kumelwe abonise ikhono lakhe lokuphatha izinkomo namahhashi ngokwenza uchungechunge lwemidlalo ebizwa ngokuthi i-sorte.
Nakuba ekuqaleni lolu hlobo lomsebenzi lwenzelwe umsebenzi kuphela, imibukiso kancane kancane yaqala ukwenziwa kulo lonke elaseMexico ngisho nakwamanye amazwe. Ukuduma kwale mibuthano kuholele ekusungulweni kososeshini, abasungula imithetho ecacile bashintsha baba umqhudelwano.
I-charrería yenzeka ezindaweni ezivalekile ezifana nenkunzi yaseSpain, ebizwa ngokuthi i-telas de charros.
Igama elithi "charro" - umhlanganyeli - liqanjwe ngemvelaphi ehlukahlukene. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abanye balilandelela eSalamanca (eSpain), lapho leli gama laqala ukusetshenziswa khona. I-Txar , okusho ukuthi "rustic". Abanye baveza ukuthi umsuka igama lesi-Andalusian Mozarab chauch (“i-knight” noma “umalusi”).
Ingemuva
Ukuze i-charrería nemisebenzi yayo ehlukahlukene ivele, into eyodwa ebalulekile yayidingeka: ihhashi. Ilethwa emazweni aseMelika ngabanqobi, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwakungavunyelwe kubantu bomdabu amakhulu eminyaka amaningana; abaseSpain kuphela ababengayisebenzisa.
Ngakho lapho abomdabu basezwenikazi beqala ukusebenza nezinkomo, kwadingeka bazisungulele ezabo izindlela. Kodwa-ke, imithetho yakhululeka kancane kancane, futhi iNew Spain yaqala ukukhombisa amandla ayo kwezobuciko bamahhashi.
I-Charrería yavela ezindaweni ezinkulu. Kunokungqubuzana okukhulu ngemvelaphi yayo yendawo, kodwa ababhali abaningi bakhomba isimo saseHidalgo, ePuebla, kanye nenhloko-dolobha njengezindawo zokuqala lapho lo msebenzi wenziwe khona. Ekugcineni, yasakazeka kulo lonke ubukhosi.
AmaShayina
Esinye sezibalo ezivame ukwethulwa njengabanduleli be-charros ama-Chinacos, igama elivela olimini lwesiNahuatl. Lawa kwakungamaqembu amadoda avela e-Afromestizo aphendukela ebugebengwini ekupheleni kwenkathi yobukoloni kanye nenkululeko yokuqala.
Bahlinza ngamahhashi, bebonisa isipiliyoni esihle. Ngesikhathi semizabalazo yenkululeko kanye nezingxabano ezalandela, amaningana ala maqembu enza izenzo ezivuna abakhululekile.
Ukuzimela kweMexico
Ukuzimela kweMexico kwaletha ukuthandwa kwe-charrería. Amahhashi asakazeka kabanzi, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwawo kwakuyimpoqo ezindaweni ezinkulu ezasungulwa.
Ngekhulu le-19, uMbusi uMaximilian wanikeza lesi siyalo umfutho oqinile. Kuthiwa ubengesinye sezizathu ezenze ukuthi ingubo yaseMexico ishintshe, okuholele ekutheni kugqokwe u-charros.
Ngokufanayo, eminye imithetho ngale ndaba yaqala ukuvela ngesikhathi sokuphatha kwakhe. Imibukiso yokuqala nayo yakhiqizwa, ngisho nalapho isakazwa ngamazwe ngamazwe, kunezivakashi eziningi zeNkantolo ezazizofakaza ezinye zazo.
I-Porphyriate
Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ngesikhathi sobumongameli bukaPorfirio Díaz, i-coleadero kanye ne-cavalier yaba yinto evamile futhi yokuzijabulisa ezindaweni zasemaphandleni zezwe. Kwakhiwe izikwele ezincane ukuze bazijwayeze.
Kuyafaneleka futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi umehluko othile wesifunda usuqala ukuvela ekusebenzeni kwe-charrería, ikakhulukazi ezingutsheni. Lokhu kuzoholela ekuveleni kwezingubo ze-charro ezihlukene endaweni ngayinye.
Charrería njengomdlalo
Nakuba kunezinkomba zemincintiswano ye-charro esivele yaba khona ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, akuphelanga isikhathi eside lapho yaqala khona ukubhekwa njengomdlalo.
Ngo-1894, ama-charros amaningana aseMexico aya e-United States ukuze ahlanganyele emiqhudelwaneni ehlukahlukene, athola impumelelo enkulu. Ngemva kwalokhu okuhlangenwe nakho, ngo-1900 elinye iqembu lathuthela eYurophu ukuze likhuthaze isiyalo salo.
EMexico, i-charrería yaqashelwa njengomncintiswano ngo-1923. Kwamiswa izinhlangano zamaCharro kulo lonke izwe, futhi ngalowo nyaka kwasungulwa umfelandawonye kazwelonke. Kusukela lapho, imincintiswano yaba njalo futhi yaba omunye wemisebenzi ethandwa kakhulu futhi yendabuko e-United States of Mexico.
Izinhlobo zama-charras anenhlanhla
Kunemizuliswano eyisishiyagalolunye eyahlukene emqhudelwaneni we-charrería, ngamunye unezici zawo. Futhi ngokuvamile zihlanganisa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ama-escaramuças, okuyizehlakalo ezihleliwe ezihlanganisa abesifazane abafakwe ngendlela yase-Amazonian.
Umfudlana wamahhashi
Lokhu kuhilela ukubonisa ikhono lomgibeli wehhashi. Kumelwe ubonise ukuthi isikhwelo sakho siziphathe kahle ngokwenza izinto ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukugabavula, ukugijima, nokuma.
Amapials
Igama eligcwele ngama-piales esikrinini. I-charro kufanele imise i-mare emjahweni nge-loop ye-hindquarters yayo.
Inkunzi Jineteo
Umqhudelani kumele agibele inkunzi enesibindi. Ohlala isikhathi eside esilwaneni ngaphambi kokudilizwa uyawina.
Umholi ohamba naye
Umgibeli kufanele azame ukuwisa inkunzi ngokudonsa umsila wayo.
Terna eringini
Hlanganisa iziqephu ezimbili ezihlukene: okokuqala, i-charro kufanele ibophe inkunzi ekhanda layo; okwesibili, kufanele wenze iflaski esikrinini. Lokhu kubhekwa njengomdala kunabo bonke abathathu.
UMare Jineteo
Kuyisiphetho esifanayo nenkunzi yeshumi nesishiyagalolunye, kodwa ukushintsha intaba ibe yi-equine.
Manganas ngezinyawo noma ngehhashi
Okuwukuphela kokwehluka kule midlalo emibili indawo ye-charro. Kuzo zombili, kufanele uthwebule imilenze yangaphambili yehhashi nge-lasso ukuze ulehlise.
Ukufa kokufa
Ngaphandle kokungabaza, lokhu kungenye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi ukwenza. I-charro igibela i-mare ethambile izungeza iringi futhi kufanele ibaleke isuka entabeni yayo iye kwenye i-mare ngaphandle kokuyiphula futhi ngaphandle kwanoma iyiphi into.
Izinkomba
- Díaz, Abel «Compirri». U-Charrería – U-Charras onenhlanhla! Kutholwe ku-decharros.com
- I-Mexico Engaziwa "Inhlanhla" yephathi ka-Charra. Kubuyiswe ku-mexicodesconocido.com.mx
- Piñero, Manuel. Izinhlanhla eziyisishiyagalolunye kanye nokulwa. Kubuyiswe ku-almadefrontera.blogspot.com.es
- I-Guadalajara Tours Iyini i-Charreria e-Guadalajara? Kubuyiswe ku-gdltours.com
- I-Associated Press iMexico igubha isiko layo lamahhashi e-charro. Kubuyiswe ku-dailymail.co.uk
- I-Aztec Charro. Umlando omfushane we-Charreria. Kubuyiswe ku-charroazteca.com
- I-Oregon Encyclopedia. Charrería. Kutholwe ku-oregonencyclopedia.org
- Qaphela i-“Mexican Charrería”, umdlalo kazwelonke. Kubuyiswe ku-embamex.sre.gob.mx