I-Mydriasis yigama lezokwelapha elichaza ukwehla komfundi ngokwedlulele, okungabangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene, njengokuhlukumezeka kwekhanda, ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile, ukuchayeka ezintweni ezinobuthi, nokunye. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ze-mydriasis zihlanganisa ukuzwela ukukhanya, ukungaboni kahle, kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu. Ukwelashwa kwe-mydriasis kuncike kumsuka wembangela futhi kungase kuhlanganise ukusetshenziswa kwamaconsi esweni ukuze kulawulwe ukunwebeka komfundi, kanye nokwelashwa okuqondile zokwelapha isimo esiwumsuka. Kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha uma ubona izimpawu ze-mydriasis, njengoba kungase kube uphawu lwezinkinga zempilo ezimbi kakhulu.
Izimbangela eziyinhloko zokukhula komfundi: i-mydriasis.
I-Mydriasis, okuwukunwebeka ngokweqile komfundi, ingabangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene. Izimbangela eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:
- Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile: Eminye imithi, njengama-antidepressants, i-anticholinergics, nezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni, ingabangela i-mydriasis njengomphumela omubi.
- Ukuhlukumezeka kwekhanda: Ukulimala ekhanda, njengokungqubuzana, kungathinta ukulawulwa komfundi futhi kuholele ekuvulekeni.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa: Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezifana ne-cocaine, ama-amphetamine kanye ne-ecstasy kungabangela i-mydriasis.
- Ukuchayeka ezintweni ezinobuthi: Amakhemikhali, ubuthi, nezinye izinto ezinobuthi kungabangela ukunwebeka komfundi.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-mydriasis ingaba uphawu lwezimo ezibucayi kakhulu zezokwelapha, njengokuhlukumezeka okukhulu kwekhanda, ukushaywa unhlangothi, nokwanda kwengcindezi ye-intracranial.
Ukwelashwa kwe-mydriasis kuncike kumbangela ewumsuka. Ezimweni zemiphumela emibi yemithi, isibonelo, kungase kudingeke ukulungisa umthamo noma ukushintsha imithi. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, njengokuhlukumezeka kwekhanda, ukwelashwa kungase kuhlanganise ukuhlinzwa nokwelashwa.
Izimbangela ezingenzeka lapho umfundi enwebeka ngokweqile: kungaba yini?
I-Mydriasis, noma ukunwebeka ngokweqile komfundi, kungabangelwa izici eziningi. Izimbangela ezingase zibe khona zihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile, njengamaconsi esweni anwebekayo, izikhuthazi, noma ama-hallucinogens. Ukwengeza, ukulimala ekhanda, ukuhlukumezeka kwamehlo, izimila ebuchosheni, imigraines enamandla, ngisho nokucindezeleka okukhulu kungabangela i-mydriasis.
Os izimpawu Izimpawu ze-mydriasis zihlanganisa ukuvuleka komfundi okumakiwe, ukuzwela ukukhanya, ukungaboni kahle, ikhanda elibuhlungu, isicanucanu, nesiyezi. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukunwebeka ngokweqile komfundi kungase kubonise isimo sezempilo esibucayi esidinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha.
O ukwelashwa Ukwelashwa kwe-mydriasis kuncike kumbangela eyinhloko. Ezimweni zokusetshenziswa kwemithi, kubalulekile ukuyeka imithi bese uthola iseluleko sezokwelapha. Ngokulimala noma ukuhlukumezeka, kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, njengezimila ebuchosheni, ukwelashwa kungase kuhlanganise ukuhlinzwa, ukwelapha ngemisebe, noma ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali.
Imiphumela yamuphi umuthi ongadala ukunwebeka komfundi?
Yimiphi imithi engabangela ukuvuleka kwe-pupillary? I-pupillary dilation eyedlulele, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-mydriasis, ingabangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nokusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile. Eminye imithi engabangela ukunwetshwa kwe-pupillary ihlanganisa tricyclic antidepressants, ama-antipsychotics e izidakamizwa ezivuselelayo njengoba i-cocaine.
I-Mydriasis ibonakala ngokunwebeka okukhulu ngokungavamile kwabafundi, okungase kubonakale kugxilile futhi kungaphenduli kahle ekukhanyeni. Ukwengeza, amehlo angase azwele ekukhanyeni, futhi ukubona kungase kube lufifi. Abafundi abanwebekayo bangase babe uphawu lwesimo esibucayi esibucayi, esifana nalokhu ukuhlukumezeka kwekhanda noma eyodwa unhlangothi.
Ukwelashwa kwe-mydriasis kuncike kumbangela ewumsuka. Uma ukunwetshwa komfundi kubangelwa umuthi, kungase kudingeke ukuba uyeke ukuthatha imithi noma ulungise umthamo. Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, ukwelashwa okufana ukuhlinzwa ukulungisa ukunwebeka komfundi.
Kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha uma ubona ukuvuleka komfundi okungavamile, njengoba lokhu kungase kube uphawu lwesimo esibucayi esidinga ukwelashwa okufanele.
Incazelo ye-pupillary mydriasis: ukunwebeka okungavamile komfundi ezimeni ezithile.
I-Pupillary mydriasis yigama elibhekisela ekunwebeni komfundi okungavamile ezimweni ezithile. Uma umfundi enweba kakhulu, kungaba uphawu lwezinkinga zempilo ezidinga uphenyo. Ukunwebeka okudlulele komfundi, okwaziwa nge-mydriasis, kungabangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene futhi kufanele kuphathwe ngendlela efanele.
Izimpawu eziyinhloko ze-mydriasis zihlanganisa umfundi ovuleke ngendlela engafanele, ukuzwela ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo, nokungaboni kahle. I-Mydriasis ingaba nezimbangela ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nokulimala ekhanda, imithi ethile, izifo zemizwa, nezinye izici.
Ukwelashwa kwe-mydriasis kuncike kumbangela ewumsuka. Kwezinye izimo, amaconsi iso angase adingeke ukusiza umfundi abuyele kusayizi wawo ojwayelekile. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukwelashwa kokuhlinzwa kungase kukhonjiswe ukuze kulungiswe inkinga.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela izimpawu futhi ufune usizo lwezokwelapha uma usola i-mydriasis. Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okufanele kubalulekile ukuze ugweme izinkinga futhi uqinisekise impilo yamehlo.
I-Mydriasis (i-extreme pupil dilation): izimpawu, izimbangela, nokwelashwa
I-Mydriasis yisimo sokuvuleka komfundi, okungabangelwa izici ngaphakathi nangaphandle emzimbeni. Kuyinqubo ephambene ne-miosis (ukuncipha kosayizi womfundi) futhi ngokuvamile iyindlela yokusabela ngokomzimba ekukhanyeni nasekukhanyeni.
Kodwa-ke, uma ihlala ivulekile ngisho nangaphandle kokuvuselela ukukhanya, ngokuqinisekile akuseyona impendulo ye-physiological futhi ingaba inkomba yokuba khona kwezifo noma imikhuba ye-pathological. Ngezansi, sichaza ukuthi abafundi basebenza kanjani futhi yiziphi izici ezingabangela ukuvuleka kwayo, i-mydriasis .
Basebenza kanjani abafundi?
Abafundi bayindilinga emnyama ephakathi kwamehlo ethu futhi umsebenzi wayo uwukudlulisa ukukhanya ku-retina ukwenza izithombe. Zizungezwe iris ne-cornea futhi akhiwe ngembobo enwebekayo noma enenkontileka ukuvumela ukukhanya kudlule. Kwesinye isikhathi liyanwebeka ukuze lisivumele ukuthi sibe nombono ongcono, futhi kwesinye isikhathi liyafinyela ukuze lisivikele ezintweni ezikhanya ngokwedlulele.
Kodwa-ke, abafundi bacushwa njengempendulo ezenzakalelayo ezicini ezahlukene (hhayi nje ukukhanya), futhi uhlelo olubhekene nokulawula umsebenzi wabo luyisimiso sezinzwa ezizimele, bese sihlukaniswa ohlelweni lwezinzwa olunozwela kanye nesimiso sezinzwa ze-parasympathetic.
Lapho isizathu sokunwetshwa komfundi musa kuyinto okuhlobene kuphela ne-physiology yethu kanye nombono wethu , i-mydriasis ingase ibe inkomba yokuba khona kwesimo se-pathological noma ingase ibonise ukuthi into eshintsha isimiso sezinzwa isanda kusetshenziswa. .
- Ungase ube nesithakazelo: "Umehluko phakathi kwe-syndrome, ukuphazamiseka kanye nesifo"
Izinhlobo nezimbangela ze-mydriasis
I-Mydriasis iyinto engokwemvelo futhi evamile esisiza ukuba sibone ukukhanya ngendlela efanele lapho kwethulwa kithi ngobuningi. Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi mydriasis akubangelwa ukuchayeka ekukhanyeni, kodwa ngezinye izakhi ezithinta umzimba wethu .
Izinto ezishintsha usayizi womfundi, okubangela i-mydriasis, zihlanganisa izifo ezithile nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa. Ngezansi, sizokwethula
Izimbangela ze-Pharmacological
Njengoba igama liphakamisa, izimbangela ze-pharmacological ze-mydriasis yilezo ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa. Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-anticholinergics kukhulisa ukunwebeka , njengoba ziyizinto ezivimbela ukudluliselwa kwamanye amakhemikhali emehlweni.
Esinye isizathu sekhemisi ukusetshenziswa kokuzijabulisa kwezinto ezithinta ingqondo njenge-cocaine, i-ecstasy, i-hallucinogens, i-methamphetamines, noma i-THC. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba lezi zinto zithinta ama-serotonin receptors ebuchosheni (kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lomuthi, ukwandisa noma ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwawo), okubangela ukuvuleka.
Izimbangela zezokwelapha
Izimbangela zezokwelapha yilezo okuhlobene nokungenelela kokuhlinzwa eyanweba abafundi phakathi kwemiphumela yayo. Isibonelo, ukuhlinzwa kokwelapha ukulimala kobuchopho kubangela i-mydriasis ngoba kwandisa ukucindezela ogebheni, okuthinta amehlo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuhlinzwa kwamehlo ngezinye izikhathi kulimaza kakhulu izinzwa ezilawula abafundi noma iris. Ngenxa yalokho, abafundi bangase basabele ngendlela ehlukile ekukhanyeni.
Izinkinga ze-Physiological and neurophysiological
Izimbangela ze-physiological and neurophysiological of mydriasis yilezo ezihlobene nemisebenzi yethu yebhayoloji noma ye-neuroanatomical. Ngokuqondile, ziyizimbangela ezihlobene nokusebenza kobuchopho nezinye izinhlelo ezihlobene.
Ukuba khona kwamazinga aphezulu e-oxytocin kungaholela esimweni sesikhashana se-mydriasis. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba i-oxytocin iyinto ekhishwa lapho sizivocavoca futhi sixhumana nabantu, ngokomzimba nangokwenhlalo. Kuphinde kube yinto ekhishwa ngesikhathi sokubeletha.
Ukwengeza, i-mydriasis ivame ukuba khona phakathi ne-cranial nerve neuropathies, okuwukulimala kancane kancane kwemizwa ezungeze iso. Lokhu kuthinta uhlelo lwe-oculomotor kanye nezinzwa ezibangela ukuba abafundi bavule noma banciphise.
Isibonelo, i-parasympathetic nerve palsy. Ezinye izimbangela ezihlobene ukushaywa unhlangothi , ukulimala ekhanda, i-hernia yobuchopho noma isithuthwane.
Okokugcina, esinye sezimo ezihlanganisa i-mydriasis yi-Benign Unilateral Mydriasis (BEUM), okuyisimo sesikhashana sokunwebeka komfundi, ngokuvamile esihambisana nobuhlungu bekhanda nobuhlungu bamehlo, ukuzwela ukukhanya, nokungaboni kahle. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka, isibonelo, phakathi neziqephu ezithile ze-migraine.
Ukwelashwa nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze
Ngaphambi kokuthatha isithombe se-mydriasis, kubalulekile ukubheka ukuthi ngabe ukunwetshwa komfundi kugcinwa isikhathi eside (ukuthi isikhuthazi sokukhanya sinyamalele noma ngabe sekudlule isikhathi esanele sokuzivumelanisa nakho). Kulezi zimo, kubalulekile ukubonisana nodokotela onguchwepheshe. .
Njengokwelashwa, kuyancomeka gwema ukuchayeka ngqo elangeni kanye nokushayela. Kuyatuseka futhi ukuthi ugqoke izibuko zelanga futhi ugweme ukufunda imibhalo eduze. Ukwenza okuhlukile kungabangela i-mydriasis futhi kuthinte kakhulu umbono wethu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma kuyinkomba yesimo se-pathological, uchwepheshe angase ancoma ukwelashwa kokuhlinzwa.