- I-Osteoporosis yisifo esingabonakali esibuthakathaka amathambo, okwandisa kakhulu ingozi yokuqhekeka okukhulu kwamathambo.
- Ubuningi bamathambo buyancipha ngokwemvelo njengoba iminyaka ikhula, kodwa izici zofuzo, ama-hormone, kanye nendlela yokuphila ziyasheshisa le nqubo.
- Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi nge-bone densitometry (DEXA) kubalulekile ukuvimbela izinkinga kanye nokulahlekelwa ukuzimela.
- Ukwelashwa kuhlanganisa ukudla okucebile nge-calcium ne-vitamin D, ukuzivocavoca okunamandla, kanye nemithi yokulwa nokuvuvukala.
Cabanga ngamathambo akho afana nesakhiwo sesakhiwo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uma ukulungiswa kungenziwa, lesi sakhiwo singaba nezimbobo futhi sibe buthaka. Yilokho kanye okwenzekayo ku-osteoporosis, isimo lapho ubukhulu bamathambo buncipha khona futhi ukwakheka kwangaphakathi kwethambo kulahleka, okwenza aqhekeke kakhulu. Inkinga enkulu ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka kancane kancane, ngaphandle kwesixwayiso, okusho ukuthi abantu abaningi bathola lesi sifo kuphela ngemva kokuwa okungenangqondo okuholela ekuqhekekeni okungalindelekile.
Lesi simo asihlukanisi ngokususelwa ekubukekeni, kodwa sithinta kakhulu abesifazane ngemva kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini kanye nabantu asebekhulile ngokujwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, asinakuyeka ukuqapha, njengoba amadoda ngisho nabantu abasebasha bangahlakulela lesi sifo ngenxa yezakhi zofuzo noma izinkinga zezempilo zesibili. Ukuqonda ukuthi singasivimbela kanjani futhi sisiphathe kanjani lesi simo kuyindlela yokuqinisekisa ukuthi sihlala sizimele futhi sisebenza, sivimbele ukuthimula okulula noma ukuwa okuncane ekubeni yinkinga enkulu yezempilo.
Kwenzekani Ngempela Emzimbeni?
Amathambo ethu awawona amatshe angasebenzi, kodwa kunalokho ayizicubu eziphilayo ezizivuselela njalo. Kukhona ibhalansi phakathi kokumuncwa kabusha (lapho ithambo elidala lisuswa) kanye nokwakheka (lapho kudalwa ithambo elisha). Kuze kube yilapho sineminyaka engu-30, ngokuvamile sakha ithambo eliningi kunalelo esilahlekelwa yilo. Kodwa-ke, ngemva kweminyaka engu-35, ibhalansi iqala ukubuyela emuva: ukuwohloka kuba ngokushesha kunokushintshwa, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kancane kancane kwesisindo samathambo.
Uma lokhu kungalingani kukhulu, i-osteoporosis iyakhula. Kwabesifazane asebekhulile, isibonelo, ukwehla okukhulu kwe-estrogen kusheshisa le nqubo kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona i-osteopenia, efana "nefulegi eliphuzi"; ubuningi bamathambo bungaphansi kokuvamile ngokweminyaka, kodwa abukafiki ezingeni le-osteoporosis. Uma ingelashwa, i-osteopenia ingaqhubekela esimweni esibucayi kakhulu.
Izimpawu Nezibonakaliso Eziyisixwayiso
Njengoba sesishilo kakade, i-osteoporosis yaziwa ngokuthi "isifo esithule" ngoba asibangeli ubuhlungu noma umkhuhlane ngenkathi ithambo liba buthaka nje. Awuzizwa lutho empilweni yakho yansuku zonke kuze kube yilapho kuvela ukuphuka kokuqala. Izindawo ezivame ukuthinteka yizinqe, isihlakala, kanye namathambo omgogodla.
Noma kunjalo, kunezinguquko ezithile zomzimba ezinganikeza inkomba yokuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle. Ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kokuphakama (isentimitha elilodwa noma ngaphezulu) noma ushintsho esimweni somzimba, njengomzimba ogobile phambili (owaziwa ngokuthi i-dorsal kyphosis noma "i-widow's hump"), kuyizimpawu ezivamile. Kwezinye izimo, uma amathambo omgogodla ecindezelwe, umuntu angase abe nokuphefumula okunzima , njengoba amandla emaphashini encishisiwe, noma ubuhlungu obungapheli emhlane ongezansi.
Ubani Osengozini Enkulu?
Nakuba noma ubani angangenwa yilesi sifo, ezinye izici zibeka amaqembu athile engozini. Abantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50 ubudala kanye nokuba ngabesifazane yizona zinto eziyinhloko ezibangela ingozi. Abantu abanomzimba omncane kakhulu, umlando womndeni wokuphuka kwezinqe, kanye nalabo ababhema noma abaphuza utshwala ngokweqile nabo banethuba elikhulu lokulahlekelwa amathambo.
Ngaphezu kwezici zendlela yokuphila, ezinye izimo zezokwelapha zenza isimo sibe nzima. Izifo ze-endocrine ezifana ne- hyperthyroidism nesifo sikashukela , kanye nezinkinga zesisu ezivimbela ukumuncwa kwezakhamzimba (njengesifo se-celiac), zingawenza buthaka uhlaka lwamathambo. Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwemithi ye-corticosteroid , ephazamisa ngqo ukwakheka kwamathambo.
Kwenziwa kanjani ukuxilongwa?
Ukuze kucaciswe isimo, udokotela uvame uku-oda ukuhlolwa kwe-bone densitometry, okwaziwa ngokuthi i- DEXA scan . Le nqubo iyashesha, ayibuhlungu, futhi ilinganisa inani lamaminerali ngesentimitha lesikwele sethambo. Umphumela wethulwa njenge- T-score , eqhathanisa ubuningi besiguli nobomuntu osemusha ophilile.
- Okuvamile: I-T-score ingaphezulu kwe-SD engu-1.
- I-Osteopenia: Phakathi kuka--1 no--2,5 SD.
- I-Osteoporosis: Ngaphansi kwe--2,5 SD.
Ngaphezu kokuhlolwa kwezithombe, kunezindlela zokuhlola ubungozi ezifana ne-FRAX, ehlaziya amathuba okuphuka kwamathambo eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo ngokusekelwe eminyakeni yobudala, isisindo, kanye nomlando wezokwelapha. Kwezinye izimo, ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze kulinganiswe izimpawu zamakhemikhali zokuguquka kwamathambo nakho kungaba usizo ekuqapheni impendulo yokwelashwa.
Ukwelashwa Nezindlela Zokulwa
Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa ukuvimba ukulahleka kwamathambo nokuvimbela ukuphuka. Lokhu kuhilela indlela yokusebenzisa izinto eziningi. Isisekelo sayo yonke into ukudla: kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola i -calcium ne-vitamin D eyanele , ufune isiqondiso ohlelweni lokudla olunempilo nolulinganiselayo . I-calcium kufanele isetshenziswe ngokudla, kodwa izithasiselo ezifana ne-calcium citrate zinganconywa uma kunezinkinga nge-asidi esiswini.
Emkhakheni wemithi, ama-anti-resorptive agents avame kakhulu. Ama-bisphosphonates (njenge-alendronate ne-risedronate) asiza ekunciphiseni izinga lapho ithambo lonakala khona. Kukhona futhi izindlela zokwelapha ze-anabolic, njenge-PTH, ezigxile ekukhuthazeni ukwakheka kwethambo elisha futhi zikhonjiswa ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuthi isiguli singaphazamisi ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle kwesiqondiso, njengoba ukusebenza kahle kuncike ekuphikeleni.
Ukuvimbela Nokunakekela Empilweni Yansuku Zonke
Ukuze kuvinjelwe lesi sifo ukuthi singakhuli noma siqhubeke nokuba sibi, umsebenzi womzimba uyindlela engcono kakhulu. Ukuzivocavoca umzimba, njengokuhamba njalo nokuqeqesha izinsimbi, kuphoqa amathambo ukuthi ahlale eqinile. Kodwa-ke, labo asebenalesi sifo kufanele bagweme ukugoba komgogodla noma ukuphakamisa izinsimbi ezisindayo, ukuze bagweme ukubangela ukuphuka komgogodla.
Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile ukuphepha ekhaya . Njengoba ukuwa kuyimbangela yokuphuka kwezindlu eziningi, kuyadingeka ukujwayela indlu: ukususa omata abashelelayo, ukuthuthukisa ukukhanya kwephasishi, nokufaka imigoqo yokubamba endlini yokugezela. Ukugcina umbono omuhle nokuzwa kahle kusiza nokuvimbela ukungalingani kanye nokuwa okuyingozi.
Ukunakekela impilo yamathambo kudinga inhlanganisela yokudla okulinganiselayo, ukuvivinya umzimba okufanele, kanye nokuqapha ngokucophelela kwezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi ngemva kweminyaka engu-50. Ngokuqapha ubuningi bamathambo kanye nokwamukela imikhuba yokulwa nokuvuvukala kanye nokulahlekelwa amathambo, kungenzeka ukuthi ukuxilongwa kwe-osteoporosis kube lula, kugcinwe ikhwalithi yokuphila kanye nokuhamba isikhathi eside.
