I-Xanthan gum iyisithako esisetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yokudla njenge-thickener, stabilizer, kanye ne-emulsifier. Kuyi-polysaccharide yemvelo ekhiqizwa ekuvutshelweni kwebhaktheriya ye-Xanthomonas campestris. Izakhiwo zayo ze-viscous nezibopha amanzi ziyenza ibe i-ejenti ephumelelayo yokuthuthukisa ukuthungwa, i-viscosity, nokuzinza kokudla okufana nososo, u-ayisikhilimu, iyogathi, nokunye. I-Xanthan gum iphinde isetshenziswe emikhiqizweni engenayo i-gluten esikhundleni se-gluten, ihlinzeka ngokungaguquguquki okufanayo kanye nokunwebeka ku-pasta nesinkwa.
Isetshenziselwa ini i-xanthan gum ekuphekeni nasembonini yokudla?
I-Xanthan gum iyisithako esisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuphekeni nasembonini yokudla. Kuyi-polysaccharide yemvelo ekhiqizwa ngokuvutshelwa kwe-Xanthomonas campestris bacteria. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukusebenza njenge-thickener, stabilizer, kanye ne-emulsifier ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zokudla.
Ekuphekeni, i-xanthan gum ivame ukusetshenziswa kumaresiphi angenayo i-gluten ukuthuthukisa ukuthungwa nokuvumelana kwezitsha. Inganezelwa ezinkwa, amakhekhe, amasoso, u-ayisikhilimu, nokunye ukudla ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yokugcina engcono. I-Xanthan gum iphinde isetshenziswe emikhiqizweni yokudla kanye ne-calorie ephansi, isiza ukugcina i-viscosity yokudla nokuzinza.
Embonini yokudla, i-xanthan gum iyisithako esibalulekile emikhiqizweni eminingi, njengamasoso, ama-condiments, iziphuzo, imikhiqizo yobisi, izimpahla ezibhakiwe, nokunye. Isiza ukuthuthukisa ukuthungwa, ukuzinza, nempilo yeshelufu yokudla, iqinisekisa umuzwa ongcono wezinzwa wabathengi.
I-Xanthan gum ingasetshenziswa esikhundleni samafutha namafutha kwezinye izindlela zokupheka, okusiza ukwehlisa ikhalori kanye nokuqukethwe kwamafutha okudla. Kuyisithako esisebenza ngezindlela eziningi futhi esiphephile, esigunyazwe ama-ejensi alawula ukuphepha kokudla emhlabeni wonke.
Uma ufuna isithako esisebenza ngezindlela eziningi nesisebenzayo sokupheka kwakho, qiniseka ukuthi uzama i-xanthan gum emalungiselelweni akho.
Ukwakheka kwe-Xanthan gum: izithako kanye nezakhiwo zento yemvelo yokuqina.
I-Xanthan gum iyisithako semvelo esisetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini zokudla, izimonyo, nezimboni zemithi. Ikhiqizwa kusuka ekuvutshelweni kukashukela yibhaktheriya ebizwa ngokuthi i-Xanthomonas campestris. Izithako eziyisisekelo zokukhiqizwa kwe-xanthan gum ushukela, amanzi, nosawoti wamaminerali.
Le nto ejiyayo inezinto ezihlukile ezenza ibe nezinto ezihlukahlukene kakhulu. Ingakhuphula i-viscosity yoketshezi ekugxilweni okuphansi, inikeze ukuthungwa okungaguquki futhi okuzinzile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-xanthan gum imelana nezinga lokushisa nokuhlukahluka kwe-pH, okuyenza ilungele uhla olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza.
Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko ze-xanthan gum yikhono layo lokwakha ama-pseudoplastic gels, okusho ukuthi i-viscosity yayo iyehla uma ingaphansi kwamandla okugunda. Lokhu kuyenza ilungele ukukhiqiza amasoso, okhilimu, u-ayisikhilimu, neminye imikhiqizo edinga ukuthungwa okubushelelezi, okunokhilimu.
I-Xanthan gum futhi iyisinzisi esihle kakhulu, esiza ukuvimbela izithako ukuthi zihlukane emikhiqizweni efana nezingubo zesaladi neziphuzo zobisi. Ikhono layo lokubopha amanzi liphinde liyenze ibe isithako esiwusizo emikhiqizweni engenayo i-gluten, esiza ukuthuthukisa ukuthungwa nokuthambile kwezinkwa, amakhekhe, namakhukhi.
Ukwakheka kwayo kwemvelo kanye nezakhiwo eziyingqayizivele kuyenza ibaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwezinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo.
Ukwakheka kwe-xanthan gum: thola izithako ezikhona kulesi sijiya sokudla.
I-Xanthan gum iyisithako sokudla esisetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yokudla neziphuzo. Ukwakheka kwayo kufaka izithako zemvelo, futhi ikhiqizwa ngokubiliswa kwesitashi sommbila ngebhaktheriya ebizwa ngokuthi i-Xanthomonas campestris.
Inqubo yokubilisa iholela ekwakhekeni kwento enamathelayo, eyomiswa bese igaywa ukuze kutholakale i-xanthan gum powder. Ngaphezu kwesitashi sommbila kanye nebhaktheriya i-Xanthomonas campestris, i-xanthan gum ingaqukatha izinsalela ze- citric acid kanye ne-mannitol , ezisetshenziswa njengezinto zokucubungula ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa.
Kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi i-xanthan gum iphephile ukuthi ingadliwa abantu futhi inezinto eziyenza ibe ukuqina okuhle kakhulu, isinzisi, kanye ne-emulsifier. Ivamise ukusetshenziswa emikhiqizweni efana namasoso, u-ayisikhilimu, iyogathi, amaswidi, nemikhiqizo engenayo i-gluten, inikeza ukuthungwa nokuvumelana okufunayo.
Uyini umthelela we-xanthan gum emzimbeni womuntu?
I-Xanthan gum iyisithako esivamile ekudleni okuningi, izimonyo, nemikhiqizo yemithi. Isetshenziswa kabanzi njenge-thickener ne-stabilizer, ihlinzeka ukuthungwa nokuvumelana emikhiqizweni eyahlukene. Kodwa imuphi umthelela i-xanthan gum enawo emzimbeni womuntu?
I-Xanthan gum ngokuvamile ibhekwa njengephephile ukusetshenziswa komuntu. Ihlukaniswa njengesengezo sokudla yi-FDA ne-EFSA, futhi abukho ubufakazi bokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngamanani ajwayelekile kubeka noma yiziphi izingozi zezempilo. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangase bazwele ku-xanthan gum futhi bathole izimpawu ezifana nokuqunjelwa, igesi, nokungakhululeki kwesisu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-xanthan gum kungabangela izinkinga zokugaya ukudla, ezifana nesifo sohudo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa lesi sithako ngokulinganisela futhi unake izimpawu zomzimba wakho. Abantu abanezifo ezingapheli zamathumbu kufanele baqaphele ikakhulukazi lapho bedla imikhiqizo equkethe i-xanthan gum.
Uma unokuthile okukukhathazayo mayelana nokuthatha i-xanthan gum, thintana nochwepheshe bezempilo ukuze uthole isiqondiso esiqondene nawe.
Xanthan gum: ukusetshenziswa kanye nezakhiwo zalesi sithako
I-Xanthan gum iyisithako esenze ukuba khona kwayo kwanda emikhiqizweni yokudla ethengiswa ngaphandle kwemithi.
Nakuba kuvamile ngathi ukuthi sibuyekeze amalebula ngokucophelela lapho sithenga umkhiqizo ukuze sifunde izithako zawo, ngokuvamile sihlola ukunambitheka kanye nedatha yenani lokudla okunempilo. Kodwa-ke, uma sibhekisisa, singabona ukuthi i-xanthan gum isivele ikhona emikhiqizweni eminingi.
Kodwa... iyini i-xanthan gum? Iyini ukusetshenziswa kwayo futhi kungani isithandwa kakhulu?
Xanthan gum: ukusetshenziswa kwayo kanye nezakhiwo
I-Xanthan gum iyi-polysaccharide enesisindo sama-molecule amaningi etholakala ngokubiliswa kwama-carbohydrate . Ukuncibilika kwayo okuphezulu kanye nokuqina kwayo lapho kukhona usawoti, kanye nokumelana kwayo nama-enzyme, kwenze kwaba ngenye yama-polymer ayinhloko asetshenziswa embonini yokudla.
1. Izici ze-xanthan gum
Ukuqina kwesakhiwo sama-molecule kwale rabha kunikeza izakhiwo ezingavamile njengokuqina kokushisa, ukubekezelela izixazululo ze-acidic, acidic kanye neziyisisekelo. Inokuqina okuzinzile phezu kwamazinga okushisa abanzi kanye nokumelana nokuwohloka kwama-enzyme.
Ukuncibilika
Ayincibiliki kuma-organic solvents. Incibilika kalula kuwo womabili amazinga okushisa aphezulu naphansi. Kumele kuqala ichitheke ngokuphelele emanzini bese wengeza i-solvent ekhethiwe ngaphansi kokugqugquzela okuqhubekayo.
I-Viscosidade
Izixazululo zamanzi ze-xanthan gum ziqinile kakhulu . Lokhu kuqinile akuthintwa amazinga okushisa noma ukubanda noma ukubila. Yingakho ikhethwa imboni yokudla ngoba izakhiwo zemikhiqizo yokugcina lapho isetshenziswa khona zihlala zizinzile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zifrijiwe, zisezingeni lokushisa legumbi, noma ngisho nasezindaweni ezishisayo.
Izakhiwo ze-Rheological
Izixazululo ze-Xanthan gum ziyi-pseudoplastic, isici esibalulekile ekuqiniseni ukumiswa kanye nama-emulsion . Lesi sici se-pseudoplastic sithuthukisa izici zokuzwa zomkhiqizo wokugcina (ukuzwakala komlomo, ukukhululwa kokunambitheka) futhi siqinisekisa izinga eliphezulu lokuxuba, ukupompa, kanye nokuthulula.
Zonke lezi zakhiwo zenza i-xanthan gum ibe isithako esidumile kakhulu embonini yokudla, njengoba inikeza izinzuzo eziningi futhi iyindlela enhle kakhulu kubantu abanesifo se-celiac ekulungiseleleni amaswidi, okuvumela isinkwa sesiponji, ukuthuthukisa ukunambitheka, kanye nokuvumela ukugcinwa ezimweni ezibandayo noma ezishisayo.
- Ungase ube nesithakazelo ku-: "Psychology and nutrition: ukubaluleka kokudla ngokomzwelo"
2. Ukusetshenziswa kwalesi sithako ekudleni
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-xanthan gum embonini yokudla nasekulungiseni ukudla kwasekhaya kuningi futhi kuhlukahlukene.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, ngenxa yemvelo yayo kanye nezakhiwo zayo, ivumela ukungezwa kokuthungwa, ukunambitheka, kanye nokuthamba, futhi ingathatha indawo yezithako ezifana nezengezo ezithile, izithasiselo, noma i-gluten, eziyingozi empilweni ngokweqile noma abanye abantu abangezwani nazo.
Padaria
I-Xanthan gum isetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni ezibhakiwe ngoba isiza isiponji ukuthi sithathe indawo ye-gluten kangcono ezindleleni zokupheka , kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwayo kusebenza kahle nakwezinye izinhlobo zokudla.
Ukhilimu oyiqhwa
Isebenza kahle ekulungiseleleni i-ayisikhilimu ngoba ibambezela ukwakheka kwamakristalu ngesikhathi sokuqandisa , okuholela kumkhiqizo okhilimu kakhulu.
Iziphuzo ezinambithekayo nezinezimboni
Eziphuzweni ezifaka ubhontshisi wezithelo, i-xanthan gum isetshenziselwa ukugcina izingcezu zezithelo zilenga, okwenza zibukeke kangcono.
Ngenxa yekhono layo lokugcina izakhi eziqinile ekumisweni ezingancibiliki oketshezini, i-xanthan gum isetshenziswa kakhulu eziphuzweni ezithuthukisiwe, ngoba ibuye ihambisane nezinye izithako.
Imikhiqizo enamafutha aphansi
Ukusetshenziswa okumangalisayo kwe-xanthan gum noma i-xanthan ukuthi ukudla okunekhalori ephansi kusetshenziswa esikhundleni sokuzwa okumnandi okukhiqizwa ukudla okunamafutha.
Obisini lukakhukhunathi olulula, lolu gum luyanezelwa ukuze kulungiswe ukuntuleka kwamafutha , futhi lokhu kwenza luzwakale lufana nobisi lukakhukhunathi olunamafutha.
Ama-syrups
I-Gum ithuthukisa ukugeleza nokunamathela kwamasiraphu ku-ayisikhilimu noma kuma-pancake ezithelo, ukulawula ukugeleza kwamanzi nokungena kwawo.
Izicelo zemithi nezimonyo
I-Xanthan gum isetshenziswa njengesithambisi kuma-syrups noma njengesithambisi se-emulsion embonini yezemithi. Ezimonyweni, iwusizo ngenxa yokuqina kwayo okunikezayo maqondana ne-pH , izinga lokushisa, usawoti, nama-asidi, kanye nezinguquko emandleni afana nokushukuma, okwenza isetshenziswe kabanzi emikhiqizweni yezimonyo, okhilimu, kanye nama-masks.
Izincomo zokusetshenziswa kwe-xanthan gum ekhaya
Imiphumela emibi mincane kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ingabangela igesi nokuqunjelwa kubantu abanokuzwela okukhulu esiswini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ayinawo amafutha noma amaprotheni; ikakhulukazi iqukethe i-fiber yokudla , ngakho-ke ingaba wusizo nakubasubathi noma abantu abafuna ukubuka umzimba wabo.
Ezinye izincomo zokusetshenziswa kwasekhaya ezinkwani kufanele ziqaphele amanani angeziwe, ngoba uma kusetshenziswe okuncane kakhulu, isinkwa singaba brittle futhi sibe nzima, futhi uma sisetshenziswe kakhulu, isinkwa sizobonakala sinciphile lapho sikhishwa kuhhavini futhi sizoqhubeka sinciphisa ngobukhulu ngisho nezinsuku kamuva.
Kudingeka futhi ukucabangela ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwefulawa, ama-flavour nezinye izithako eziwuketshezi ezingeziwe, njengoba ngamunye eshintsha noma ethuthukisa izakhiwo ze-xanthan gum.
I-Xanthan gum ayinobuthi, futhi i-US FDA yayivuma njengesithasiselo sokudla ngo-1969 ngaphandle kwemingcele noma imingcele yobuningi.
Izinkomba ze-Bibliographic:
- Barrére, GC, Barber, CE kanye noDaniels, MJ (1986) Intl. J. Biological Macromolecules, 8 (6): amakhasi 372-374.