- ISweden inciphisa omakhalekhukhwini futhi ibuyekeza ukusetshenziswa kwesikrini ezikoleni ngemuva kokwehla kokuqonda kokufunda kanye nokukhathazeka ngempilo nokunaka.
- Uhulumeni uqalise ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu ezincwadini ezinyathelisiwe nokufunda ephepheni, ngaphandle kokuyeka ngokuphelele ukwenziwa kwedijithali.
- Ochwepheshe abavumelani: abanye baxwayisa ngezingozi zokusebenzisa isikhathi esiningi esikrinini, kanti abanye bafuna ibhalansi futhi bagxeka umbono olula wokuthi ubuchwepheshe yibo bodwa obubangela lokho.
- Okuhlangenwe nakho kwaseSweden kukhomba inhlanganisela yemingcele ecacile, ukufunda okuqinisiwe, kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe ngokuhlakanipha kwezemfundo.
Isinqumo saseSweden ngokusetshenziswa kwezikrini ezikoleni sesibe yinkinga yomhlaba wonke. Futhi kwadala isivunguvungu sezihloko, izingxoxo ezishisayo, kanye nokungaqondani okuningi. Ngenkathi eminye imibiko yezindaba ithi izwe "livimbe izikrini" futhi "libuyele ephepheni ngokuphelele," iqiniso liyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu: kukhona inhlanganisela yokukhathazeka ngempilo yezingane nokufunda, ukulungiswa kwesu lobuchwepheshe bedijithali, kanye nokuzibophezela okuqinile ku... ukufunda ngefomethi engokoqobo, ngaphandle kokulahla ubuchwepheshe ngokuphelele.
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, uhlelo lwemfundo lwaseSweden luye lwasuka ekubeni nesithakazelo esingenakuvinjelwa samadivayisi edijithali. Lokhu kushintshela endleleni eqaphile kakhulu nekhethayo. Lo mnyakazo uhilela konke kusukela emithethweni evimbela omakhalekhukhwini phakathi nosuku lwesikole, kuya ekutshalweni kwezimali okusha okukhulu ezincwadini ezinyathelisiwe, kanye nokubuyekezwa okubucayi kwezinqubomgomo zokwenziwa kwedijithali komphakathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunengxoxo ejulile phakathi kochwepheshe, othisha, imindeni, kanye nohulumeni mayelana nokuthi izikrini kufanele zibe yingxenye yempilo yesikole kangakanani, kanjani, futhi nini.
Ukuguquka kweSweden: kusukela ezweni elixhumene kakhulu kuya ekunciphiseni ijubane ezikrinini.
Ngo-2017, iSweden yethule isu leminyaka emihlanu lokwenza idijithali ezikoleni.eyayinezinhloso ezicacile kakhulu: ukudala isikhala esengeziwe sobuchwepheshe ekilasini, ukuphakamisa amazinga obuchwepheshe bedijithali - ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezingane nentsha - nokusebenzisa amathuluzi edijithali njengenjini yokuthuthukiswa kolwazi kanye namathuba alinganayo. Lolu hlelo lwabeka amakhompyutha, amathebhulethi, kanye nezinsizakusebenza eziku-inthanethi enkabeni yempilo yesikole, okuqinisa isithombe sezwe njengomunye wabaholi bezobuchwepheshe baseYurophu.
Umphumela walolu hambo ukuthi namuhla iSweden iyizwe lesibili e-European Union elinokusetshenziswa kwe-inthanethi okuphezulu kakhulu.IBrazil ingeyesibili kuphela ngemuva kweDenmark ngokwezokuxhumana. Ukuxhumana kuyingxenye yokuphila kwansuku zonke: intsha cishe ihlala iku-inthanethi, futhi lokhu, emehlweni kahulumeni, akusekho nje uphawu lwesimanje futhi sekuyinto ekhathazayo. Amahora amade asetshenziswa ku-inthanethi, kufaka phakathi ezikoleni, abhekwe njengesici esiyingozi kokubili ekusebenzeni kwezemfundo kanye nempilo yomzimba neyengqondo.
UNgqongqoshe Wezindaba Zezenhlalo Nezempilo Yomphakathi, uJakob Forssmed, ubelokhu ehola ingxenye enkulu yale mpikiswano.Uveze obala ukuthi abafundi badinga ukuthola kabusha ibhalansi phakathi "kwempilo yangempela" kanye nokusakazwa okungapheli kwamavidiyo amafushane, njenge-TikTok reels. Ngokusho kukaForssmed, inkinga akuyona nje kuphela lokho abafundi abahluleka ukukufunda ngenkathi benamathele esikrinini, kodwa futhi nomthelela oqondile esimweni sabo somzimba kanye nentuthuko iyonke.
Ezingxoxweni, uForssmed usebenzise izibonelo ezicacile zalokho akubonayo phakathi kwabaseSweden abasebasha.Abafundi abangasakwazi ukusebenzisa isikele ngobuchule, abangakwazi ukukhwela esihlahleni noma ukuhamba behlehla ngokuphepha, ngoba bachitha isikhathi esiningi behleli futhi besebenzisa omakhalekhukhwini babo. Ukhuluma nangokwanda kwezinkinga zempilo, okwakuvame kakhulu kubantu abadala nakubantu asebekhulile, manje okubonakala entsheni, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokuntuleka kokunyakaza kanye nendlela yokuphila yokuhlala phansi ehambisana nokusebenzisa isikrini kakhulu.
Lokhu kutholakala kwaholela uhulumeni ekusekeleni izinguquko zomthetho ukuze kuvinjelwe ngokuqinile ukusetshenziswa kwamadivayisi omuntu siqu ezikoleni.Umgomo uwukudlula ngale kwezincomo ezijwayelekile nokuguqula imithetho ibe yizibopho zikazwelonke ezicacile, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izikole zilandela imigomo efanayo, ngaphandle kokuthembela ekuthandeni noma ekuchazeni kokuphathwa kwesikole ngakunye.
Ukuvinjelwa kwefoni yeselula kanye neziqondiso ezintsha zesikhathi sokuvula isikrini
Phakathi kwezinyathelo okuxoxwe ngazo kakhulu yisiphakamiso sokuvimbela ukufinyelela omakhalekhukhwini usuku lonke lwesikole. Kubafundi abafika ebangeni lesishiyagalolunye. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, uma umthetho uvunywa njengoba ubhalwa, abafundi ngeke bakwazi ukusebenzisa amadivayisi abo ngisho nangesikhathi sekhefu noma sokuphumula: ucingo kuzodingeka lubekwe eceleni sonke isikhathi umfundi esesikoleni.
Lesi siphakamiso sathola ukuthandwa ngemuva kokukhishwa kweziqondiso ezintsha ezivela kwi-Swedish Public Health Agency.Iziqondiso ezishicilelwe muva nje zibeka izincomo ezicacile mayelana nesikhathi sokubuka isikrini sezingane kanye nentsha. Ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emibili ubudala, isiqondiso siwukuthi azikho izikrini eziboniswayo; ezinganeni ezineminyaka emibili kuya kwemihlanu, isilinganiso esiphezulu esiphakanyisiwe yihora elilodwa ngosuku; eqenjini leminyaka eyisithupha kuya kweyi-12, kuze kube amahora amabili; kanti kwentsha, umkhawulo onconywayo ungamahora amathathu ngosuku.
Lezi zincomo zesikhathi esiphezulu zinesisindo esingokomfanekiso nesisebenzayo.Lezi ziqondiso zisebenza njengesisekelo sabazali, izikole, kanye nochwepheshe bezempilo ukuhlola ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamadivayisi kunengqondo noma kudlulele. Ngokombono weziphathimandla zaseSweden, abafundi abaningi kakade sebedlula le mingcele, ikakhulukazi lapho becabanga hhayi kuphela ngalokho okwenziwa ekhaya kodwa nalokho okwenzekayo ezikhungweni zemfundo ngokwazo.
Amacala abikwe othisha aqinisa lo mbono wokuthembela kwabanye.EMalmö, eningizimu yezwe, iPhini likaMeya uPatrik Sander uthi isikole asebenza kuso samukela inqubomgomo eminyakeni edlule yokuqoqa omakhalekhukhwini ekuqaleni kosuku bese sibabuyisela ngesikhathi sasemini kuphela. Ngokusho kwakhe, lapho lesi sinyathelo siqala ukusetshenziswa, abafundi babonisa ngokusobala ukuthi balutheka: ngisho noma bengenalo idivayisi, kwakungenzeka ukubona izandla zabo ziyifuna ngokwemvelo, njenge-reflex ezenzakalelayo.
USander uphinde aqokomise isici esivame ukunganakwa kule mpikiswano: umthelela wezikrini ekwandeni kokuxhashazwa nokuziphatha okuhlukumezayo.Kube nezimo lapho abafundi besifazane babethathwa khona izithombe ngasese emakamelweni okushintshela esikoleni, futhi izithombe zabelwana ngazo phakathi kwabafundi ofunda nabo, okwaholela ekuhlazekeni nasebudloveni obungokwengqondo. Kuye, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa komakhalekhukhwini esikoleni akuyona nje indaba yokufundisa, kodwa futhi kuyindlela eqondile yokuvikela ubuqotho babafundi.
Izingane nothisha bathini ngokulutha kwesikrini?
Ngokuthakazelisayo, abafundi abaningi besikole samabanga aphansi baseSweden bayaqaphela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamaselula kanye nezinkundla zokuxhumana kungaba yinkinga.Esikoleni samabanga aphansi e-Årsta, emaphethelweni aseStockholm, izingane zishiya omakhalekhukhwini bazo ekuseni ezikhwameni zendwangu ezizenzele zona bese ziwalanda kuphela ekupheleni kosuku. Lapho kuxoxwa ngazo zodwa, ngaphandle kothisha, abafundi abaneminyaka eyi-10 neyi-11 bavumile ukuthi ukuba nomakhalekhukhwini babo eduze kuzokwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukugxila.
Omunye umfundi, u-Emma, uphawula ukuthi usebenzisa i-Snapchat ne-TikTok kakhulu nokuthi uzizwa "elutha" kalula.Ngokombono wakhe, ukube ifoni iselula ibingatholakala kalula, isilingo sokuhlola izaziso besiyoba njalo. Uzakwabo uLivia ugcizelela umbono ofanayo: uma idivayisi iseduze, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuyibuka njalo, uphazamise ukugxila kulokho okufundiswa ekilasini.
Omunye umfundi, uLucas, uthi noma ngabe angasebenzisa ifoni yakhe ngesikhathi sasemini, angathanda ukudlala ibhola nabangani bakhe.Nokho, uchaza ukuthi ngesikhathi sekilasi isilingo besiyoba sikhulu kakhulu futhi singamphazamisa emsebenzini wesikole. U-Esia, omunye umfundi, uyavuma ukuthi cishe "uzomnaka" ucingo lwakhe futhi angamnaki kangako uthisha, ikakhulukazi njengoba ebheka amakilasi "njengokuyisicefe kakhulu" kunokuqukethwe akufundayo kudivayisi yakhe.
Imikhuba yokusebenzisa nayo idonsela ukunaka.U-Esia uthi uchitha amahora amathathu noma amane ngosuku ku-inthanethi ngaphandle kwesikole, kuyilapho abanye ofunda nabo bebika ukuthi omakhalekhukhwini babo bavalelwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngemva kwamahora amabili noma amabili nesigamu okusetshenziswa, isu elisetshenziswa yimindeni ukuzama ukubeka imingcele ethile. Noma kunjalo, wonke umuntu uyavuma ukuthi izinkundla zokuxhumana zikhanga kakhulu nokuthi isikole sidlala indima ebalulekile ekubekeni imithetho eqinile.
Kuthisha u-Åsa Lind, ofundisa laba bantwana, kungaba kuhle ukuthi izikole ziqine nakakhulu. Ngokunciphisa isikhathi sesikrini ekilasini, ikakhulukazi nezingane ezincane, uqaphela ukuthi imisebenzi eminingi igcina ishiya abafundi behleli bodwa, bevule ama-headphone, phambi kwekhompyutha, beqeda imisebenzi yedijithali, lapho bengase bazulazule khona, bexhumana kakhulu nabafundi ofunda nabo, futhi bephatha izinto ezibonakalayo. Ngokombono kaLind, kubalulekile ukucabanga kabusha ngendlela isikhathi sekilasi esihlelwe ngayo ukuze izikrini zibe umthombo othize, hhayi isisekelo sayo yonke imikhuba yokufundisa.
Kusukela "konke kwedijithali" kuya ekubuyiselweni kwezincwadi zephepha.
Kanye nempikiswano mayelana namafoni omakhalekhukhwini, iSweden isiqalile ukuhlola kabusha ukuzibophezela kwayo ekwenzeni imfundo ibe yedijithali ngokuphelele.Ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yokubeka phambili ama-tablet, ama-whiteboard edijithali, kanye namapulatifomu aku-inthanethi, uhulumeni useqaphele ukuthi lolu shintsho kungenzeka ukuthi lube nemiphumela emibi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi emakhonweni abafundi okufunda nokubhala.
Imibiko yakamuva ikhombisa ukwehla okukhathazayo kokuqonda kokufunda.Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kubafundi abasebancane. Esivivinyweni samazwe ngamazwe se-PIRLS sika-2021, esilinganisa amakhono okufunda ezinganeni zesikole samabanga aphansi sebanga lesine, iSweden ibonise ukwehla okukhulu. Le datha iphakamise i-alamu futhi yavusa imibuzo eqondile mayelana nenqubomgomo yokushintsha ngokushesha izincwadi ezibonakalayo ngezinto zedijithali.
Ukuphendula, uMnyango Wezemfundo waseSweden wamukela isiqubulo esithi "kusuka esikrinini kuya kufolda". Ukufingqa iziqondiso ezintsha ezisemthethweni, umqondo oyinhloko ukubuyisela incwadi yephepha, incwadi yamanothi, kanye nokubhala ngesandla njengenhliziyo yesipiliyoni sokufunda, ikakhulukazi eminyakeni yokuqala yesikole. Lokhu akusho ukuthi kuvinjelwe ubuchwepheshe ezikoleni, kodwa kunalokho kusetshenziswe kuphela uma buthuthukisa ngempela inqubo yokufundisa, hhayi uma busebenza njengesiphazamiso noma buthatha indawo engasebenzi kahle.
Lolu shintsho lwenkambo luhambisana nokutshalwa kwezimali okungakaze kubonwe ngaphambili.Uhulumeni ubeke eceleni ama-euro ayizigidi eziyi-100 ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umfundi ngamunye uyayithola futhi. incwadi ephrintiwe ngokwesihloko. Izinsizakusebenza zisatshalaliswa ngezitolimende zonyaka — ama-crown ayizigidi ezingu-658 ngo-2024, izigidi ezingu-755 ngo-2025 — kanti izimali zitholakale kuze kube ngu-2028 ukuze kubuyekezwe izinto ngokuhambisana nezifundo ezintsha. Umgomo ukwakha kabusha iqoqo eliqinile elibonakalayo, elancishisiwe ngesikhathi sokuchuma kwezikrini.
Iziqondiso ezintsha zekharikhulamu zibeka umbandela ocacile kakhulu: amathuluzi edijithali kufanele asetshenziswe kuphela uma ekhuthaza ulwazi.Uma izikrini ziba yisithiyo kakhulu kunokusekela—kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngokuphazamisa umfundi noma ngokungakhuthazi ukuqonda okujulile—isincomo siwukuba kubekwe phambili amaphepha. Eqinisweni, izivivinyo zikazwelonke zonyaka wesithathu wemfundo eyisisekelo, ezaziqhutshwa ngedijithali ngaphambilini, zizobuyela ekubeni ziphathwe kuphela ngefomethi ye-analog, ngepensela nephepha.
Ukugxekwa kokusakazwa kwabezindaba kanye nokubuyekezwa kohlelo lokushintsha idijithali.
Naphezu kwezihloko eziningi zomhlaba wonke ezimemezela ukuthi "iSweden isiyekile ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bedijithali"Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe bezemfundo bakhomba ukuthi isithombe sangempela sinomqondo ohlukile. UHéctor Ruiz Martín, umqondisi we-International Science Teaching Foundation, uxhumane ngqo nemithombo yaseSweden ukuze aqonde kangcono isimo futhi waphetha ngokuthi izwe aligcini nje ngokulahla uhlelo lokushintshashintsha kwedijithali oluvunyiwe muva nje.
Ngokusho kukaRuiz Martín, lokho uNgqongqoshe Wezemfundo, uLotta Edholm, akwenza kwaba ukucela ukuhlolwa kobuchwepheshe kwalolu hlelo. Ngokusekelwe emibonweni evela kochwepheshe abahlukahlukene kanye nobufakazi obusesikhathini mayelana nokufunda nokukhula kwengane, umqondo uwukulungisa okudingekayo, ukulungisa ukweqisa, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi amathuluzi edijithali ahlanganiswa ngokuhlakanipha, kunokulandela indlela "yedijithali yonke" ngaphandle kokubuza imibuzo. Ungqongqoshe waze wavuma obala ukuthi ukwenziwa kwedijithali "kungaba kuhle kakhulu" kubafundi, uma nje kusetshenziswa ngokuqonda okuvamile.
Enye yezinguquko ezifanele yisinqumo sokuthi abafundi baseSweden bazobhala kabusha izivivinyo ezithile ngendlela yephepha.Ngemva kokwenza konke ukuhlolwa kwe-PIRLS 2021 ngedijithali okokuqala, iziphathimandla zifuna ukuqhathanisa kangcono imiphumela futhi ziqonde izinga indlela esetshenziswayo (isikrini noma iphepha) engathonya ngalo ukusebenza kokufunda, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezingane ezincane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhulumeni waseSweden umemezele ukutshalwa kwezimali okuqondile ukuze kwandiswe ukuba khona kwezincwadi ezikoleni.Ama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-60 abekelwe ukuthengwa kwezinto zokufundisa ezinyathelisiwe kanti amanye ama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-44 aqondiswe ekuqiniseni intuthuko yolimi, ukufunda nokubhala. Lezi zinsiza zisebenza ngokuhambisana nephakethe elikhulu lama-euro ayizigidi eziyi-100 lokwakhiwa kabusha kweqoqo lezincwadi, okwakha isethi yezinyathelo zokubuyisela umbhalo onyathelisiwe enkabeni.
Leli qhinga libonisa ukukhathazeka ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezinkomba zangaphakathi zokwehla kwekhwalithi yokufunda.Embikweni we-PISA, isibonelo, cishe ingxenye yesine yabafundi baseSweden abaneminyaka engu-15 ubudala abazange bafinyelele ezingeni eliyisisekelo lokuqonda ukufunda. Ngenxa yalokhu, abamele uhulumeni, njengomkhulumeli wezemfundo uJoar Forsell, bathi kungenzeka kuphela ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe ngokugcwele—njengobuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nezindawo eziku-inthanethi—lapho abafundi sebevele beqonda kahle izisekelo zokufunda, ukubhala, kanye nezibalo.
Impikiswano phakathi kochwepheshe: izikrini, ukufunda, kanye nesisusa.
Ukushintsha kwendlela yaseSweden kwathinta amazwe amaningi futhi kwavusa impikiswano ejulile phakathi kochwepheshe kwezemfundo, ezengqondo kanye nobuchwepheshe.Abantu abaningana bakhulume ezihlokweni, ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, nasezingxoxweni, abanye bencoma imikhawulo ezikrinini, abanye begxeka ukuhumusha abakubheka njengokweqisa noma okulula mayelana nobudlelwano phakathi kobuchwepheshe kanye nokwehla kokuqonda kokufunda.
UCatherine L'Ecuyer, i-PhD kwezeMfundo kanye nePsychology, ungomunye wamazwi agxeka kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamathebhulethi kanye namanye amadivayisi ngezinjongo zemfundo.Encwadini evulekile ebhalelwe othishanhloko bezikole abasebenzisa amaphilisi ekilasini, unxusa ukuba kuqashelwe, ephikisana ngokuthi abukho ubufakazi obuqinile obufakazela izinzuzo eziqhubekayo zalokhu kusetshenziswa ekufundeni. Ku-L'Ecuyer, intshiseko yezobuchwepheshe ayinakuthatha indawo yokuhlolwa okuqinile kwemiphumela.
Uphinde abuze impikiswano yokuthi abafundi "bayathanda" ukuhlola bese befunda kangcono nabo.Ngokombono wakhe, izifundo eziningi ezikhomba ekukhuthazeni okwandisiwe empeleni zilinganisa ukuthakazelelwa okungenamsebenzi ngezisusa eziqhubekayo, hhayi intshisekelo yangempela yokufunda. Ingqondo engakavuthwa yengane, uthi, ivame ukuncika ezintweni ezenzeka esikrinini, lapho ama-algorithms enquma khona ukuthi yini ezobonakala ngokulandelayo, okunciphisa isinyathelo somfundi esisebenzayo.
Ummeli kanye nentatheli u-Estela Martín ukhomba enye indlela ehambisanayo.Kuye, konke kuncike endleleni ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa ngayo. UMartín uyavuma ukuthi ukuqonda ukufunda kuyinsika eyisisekelo nokuthi kuqiniswa, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ngokufunda nokubhala njalo. Kodwa-ke, uxwayisa ngokuthi izikrini akufanele ziphathwe njengezinye izindlela zokuthatha indawo yomkhuba wokufunda nokubhala: uma lokhu kwenzeka, kunengozi yokudala izizukulwane ezinamakhono okufunda abuthakathaka, ngaphandle kwalokhu kusho ukusebenzisa amandla eqiniso obuchwepheshe.
Ngokombono wabo, inkinga ayikho nje mayelana "nokuvala" noma "ukwamukela" izikrini.Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuvimbela izikole ukuthi zingaweli ogibeni lokwenza konke "kube lula" kubafundi abanezinsizakusebenza zedijithali ezingabalulekile. Uma ukufundisa kunciphisa ukuxhumana okusheshayo nokungadingi sidingo, esikubonayo ukwehla kwamakhono okufunda nokubhala, noma ngabe isikole sigcwele amadivayisi ayinkimbinkimbi.
Akuyona ikhambi lamademoni noma lemilingo: ukusetshenziswa okuhlakaniphile kwezikrini.
Abanye ochwepheshe bakhuthaza indlela elinganiselayo ecacile.Lokhu kugwema kokubili ukudelela izikrini kanye nokwamukelwa okungagxeki kwanoma yiluphi ubuchwepheshe obusha. Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo uCarmen Esteban, isibonelo, sigcizelela ukubaluleka kokuqonda okuvamile: ebusheni, izinsiza zedijithali zingadlala indima ebalulekile yokukhuthaza, zisondeze abafundi kokuqukethwe okuthile kanye namafomethi avusa isithakazelo esikhulu.
Ku-Esteban, izikrini zinengqondo ikakhulukazi njengezengezo.Ubuchwepheshe bungasetshenziswa ukukhombisa amafilimu namadokhumentari ahlobene nezihloko ezimbozwe ekilasini, ukuhlola izingoma nezinto ezisetshenziswayo ze-multimedia, ukufundisa ucwaningo olunesibopho kumawebhusayithi asemthethweni kanye nokusetshenziswa kolwazi ngendlela efanele, noma ngisho nokusebenza ngezethulo nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithuthukisa amakhono edijithali angempela. Inkinga ivela lapho ubuchwepheshe buba yisiphetho ngokwaso, esikhundleni sokuba ithuluzi elikhonza izinhloso zemfundo ezicacile.
USusana Martín, ophethe ukusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nokuguqulwa kwedijithali enkampanini enkulu yokushicilela yezemfundo, uphinde akhuthaze ukuba khona kwephepha nobuchwepheshe ndawonye.Ekungeneleleni kwakhe, ukhala ngokuthambekela kokunciphisa impikiswano ibe yizikhundla ezimbili — “yebo noma cha” ngokwedijithali, incwadi yesifundo “yebo noma cha” — futhi usikhumbuza ukuthi amandla amakhulu kakhulu alele ngqo ekuhlanganisweni okucatshangelwe kahle kwale mihlaba emibili, sisebenzisa lokho ngamunye anakho.
Ugxeka kakhulu umqondo wokulahla izinhlelo zokushintshashintsha kwedijithali ngasikhathi sinye. kanye nokudideka ubuchwepheshe bezemfundo nokuba khona nje kwezikrini. Isibonelo esisodwa asishoyo ukusetshenziswa kwamathebhulethi noma omakhalekhukhwini njengezinto "zokuthulisa izingane nge-elekthronikhi" ekhaya: abazali abaningi bavumela izingane ezineminyaka emi-3 noma emi-4 ubudala ukuthi zibuke amavidiyo e-YouTube zodwa, ngaphandle kokugadwa, bese besola ukusetshenziswa kwezincwadi zedijithali esikoleni kuphela ngenxa yokunganakwa kwezingane zabo. KuMartín, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokusetshenziswa okungalawulwa ekhaya kanye nemikhuba yokufundisa ngenhloso ekilasini.
Lo mbono uqokomisa ukuthi inkinga akuyona idivayisi ngokwayo, kodwa ukuthi ifakwa kanjani ohlelweni lwengane.Uma amaphilisi ewukuzilibazisa nje okungenamkhawulo nokungenzi lutho, cishe azoba nomthelela omubi ekunakeni nasekufundeni. Kodwa-ke, lapho imisebenzi ehleliwe enezikhathi ezichaziwe kanye nemigomo ethile iqaliswa, ubuchwepheshe bungasekela—hhayi ukucekela phansi—intuthuko yokuqonda.
Izimbangela zokwehla kokufunda zidlulela ngale kwezikrini.
Okunye ukugxekwa okubalulekile kwenkulumo evelele ukuthi "izikrini yizo ezibangela ukwehla kokufunda" kuvela kochwepheshe abanjengoHéctor Gardó., PhD in Educational Sciences kanye nomqondisi we-Digital Equity esisekelweni esizinikele kwezemfundo. Ezihlokweni nasezingxoxweni, uxwayisa ngokubeka yonke inkinga ngenxa yokuba khona kwamadivayisi edijithali, njengokungathi ukunciphisa isikhathi sesikrini kuzoxazulula inkinga yokuqonda ukufunda.
UGardó uphakamisa ukuthi umbuzo oyinhloko kufanele uhluke: yini ngempela eyenziwayo ukukhuthaza ukufunda phakathi kwezingane nentsha?Ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezisengozini? Emindenini engenawo umkhuba wokufunda noma engakwazi ukusekela izingane zayo ngezincwadi nesiqondiso, isikole ngokuvamile siyindawo kuphela lapho ukufunda kungena khona empilweni yomfundi. Uma isikhungo singafezi le ndima ngokungathi sína—ukuqinisekisa imitapo yolwazi, amaphrojekthi okufunda, isikhathi sokufunda buthule nangokuqondiswa—akukho buchwepheshe obuzoxazulula inkinga.
Uveza ukuthi ukusola izikrini kuphela kuyimpikiswano ekhululekile kodwa engenamsebenzi.Isibonelo, ucaphuna isimo eCatalonia, lapho izikole zomphakathi ezingama-58% kuphela ezinomtapo wolwazi wesikole, uma kuqhathaniswa no-79% ngo-2015. Esimweni esinjalo, ukusola amadivayisi edijithali kuphela ngezinga eliphansi lokufunda kungaba, okungenani, ukungalingani. Okuntulekayo, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ingqalasizinda eyisisekelo yokukhuthaza umkhuba wokufunda ezikhungweni zemfundo.
Lo mbono uqinisa umqondo wokuthi izinguquko zaseSweden zidinga ukuhambisana nokungaphezu nje kwemingcele kanye nokuvinjelwa.Tshala imali ezincwadini ezibonakalayo futhi unciphise isikhathi sokubuka isikrini, ubukele... izinhlobo zokufundaUkufunda kubalulekile, kodwa akwanele uma izikole zingenawo amalabhulali asebenzayo, izinhlelo zokukhuthaza ukufunda, kanye nokuqeqeshwa okwanele kothisha ukuze kusetshenziswe izincwadi nokuqonda umbhalo ngendlela ehehayo.
Empikiswaneni mayelana nokuhlangenwe nakho kwaseSweden, ochwepheshe abaningi bahlangana ephuzwini elilodwa eliyinhloko.Ukwenziwa kwedijithali kwezemfundo akuyona iphutha ngokwako, kodwa kudinga ukulungiswa kabusha. Ubuchwepheshe kufanele busebenze lapho buletha izinzuzo eziqondile ekufundeni—isibonelo, ngokwenza kube lula ukufinyelela ezintweni ezibuyekeziwe, ukusekela abafundi abanezidingo ezikhethekile, noma ukuvumela amaphrojekthi okubambisana—hhayi ngoba nje kuyimfashini noma ngoba kubonakala sengathi kuthuthukisa isikole emehlweni omphakathi.
Indlela iSweden ehambe ngayo ikhombisa ukuthi izwe elixhumene kakhulu linganquma ukwehlisa ijubane. Lapho izingane nentsha beqaphela ukuthi intshiseko yabo ngezikrini idlule imingcele enempilo, izincwadi zamaphepha, izincwadi zamabhuku, kanye nokubhala ngesandla kuvela kabusha ngamandla, kanye nemithetho eqinile yamafoni omakhalekhukhwini kanye nokubheka ngokujulile umthelela wezikrini empilweni nasengqondweni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubuchwepheshe buhlala bukhona, kodwa busezingeni elifanele nelikhethayo, kuyilapho umphakathi uxoxa ngendlela yokulinganisela isisusa, ukunaka, ukufunda okujulile, kanye nenhlalakahle esikhathini sedijithali esingenakugwenywa.
