Ithiyori yokucindezeleka yokucindezeleka iyindlela efuna ukuchaza umsuka nokuthuthuka kwalesi sifo sengqondo. Ngokwalo mbono, ukucindezeleka kubangelwa ukungalingani kwemizwa nemicabango yomuntu, okuholela esimweni sokucindezeleka okukhulu ngokomzwelo. Le nkolelo-mbono isikisela ukuthi ukucindezeleka kuphakama lapho umuntu engakwazi ukubhekana ngokugcwele nezenzakalo ezicindezelayo, ezibuhlungu, noma ezibuhlungu, okuphumela ekubeni nemizwa yokudabuka, yokuphelelwa ithemba, nokungabi nakuzisiza. Ukuqonda nokwelapha ukudangala ngokusebenzisa ithiyori yokucindezeleka kuhloswe ukusiza abantu ukuthi babone futhi balawule imizwa yabo ngendlela enempilo, okuhloswe ngayo ukululama kanye nempilo enhle engokwengqondo.
Imiqondo kanye nezincazelo mayelana nethiyori yokucindezeleka: ukuthi kuyini nokuthi kwenzeka kanjani.
Ithiyori yokucindezeleka yokucindezeleka ifuna ukuchaza ukuthi lesi sifo sibathinta kanjani abantu futhi sizibonakalisa ekuphileni kwabo. Ukucindezeleka yisimo esingokwengqondo esihlanganisa imizwa yokudabuka okujulile, ukuntula isithakazelo emisebenzini yansuku zonke, ukukhathala okungapheli, nemicabango engemihle ephindaphindayo.
Ngokwale mbono, ukucindezeleka kwenzeka ngenxa yezinto eziningi, njengokungalingani kwamakhemikhali ebuchosheni, ukuthambekela kofuzo, izenzakalo ezibuhlungu zokuphila nokucindezeleka okungapheli. Lezi zici zinomthelela ekushintsheni kokusebenza kwesistimu yezinzwa ezimaphakathi kanye nokuncipha kokukhiqizwa kwama-neurotransmitters anesibopho sokulawula imizwa, njenge-serotonin ne-dopamine.
Lapho lezi zinto ziphansi, umuntu angase abe nezimpawu zokucindezeleka, njengokuhlala edabukile, ukungabi namandla, ubunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo, nezinkinga zokulala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucindezeleka kungase futhi kuhlotshaniswe nezinkinga ezingokwengqondo, njengokungazethembi, imicabango engemihle ephindaphindayo, kanye nobunzima bokulawula imizwa.
Kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi ukucindezeleka akufanele kubhekwe njengophawu lobuthakathaka, kodwa njengesimo somtholampilo esidinga ukwelashwa okufanele. Ukwelashwa kwengqondo-yokuziphatha, imithi edambisa ukucindezeleka, kanye nokuvivinya umzimba ngezinye zezindlela zokwelapha ezingasiza ekulawuleni ukudangala nokuthuthukisa izinga lempilo yomuntu.
Ukuqonda ukucindezeleka: funda indlela yokuchaza lesi simo ngokucacile nangokuqondile.
Ukuqonda ukucindezeleka kungaba yinselele, kodwa kubalulekile ekusizeni labo abaphethwe yikho. Ukucindezeleka kungaphezu nje kokuzizwa udangele noma udangele; kuwukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okungathi sína okuthinta indlela umuntu acabanga ngayo, azizwa ngayo, futhi abhekane ngayo nezimo zansuku zonke.
Ukuze uchaze ukucindezeleka ngokucacile nangokuqondile, kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi akuyona nje indaba yokuzikhethela noma ubuthakathaka bomlingisi. Ukucindezeleka yisifo esihilela ukungalingani kwamakhemikhali ebuchosheni, okuthonywa izici zofuzo, imvelo, nezingokwengqondo.
Uma sikhuluma ngethiyori yokucindezeleka yokucindezeleka, sibhekisela endleleni efuna ukuchaza ukuphazamiseka okusekelwe embonweni wokuthi ukucindezeleka kubangelwa isimo sokungakhululeki ngokomzwelo njalo. Lokhu kuphatheka kabi kungavela ekuhlukumezekeni okudlule, izingxabano zangaphakathi ezingaxazululiwe, izingcindezi zomphakathi, nezinye izici.
Kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi ukucindezeleka akuyona into yesikhashana noma into enganqotshwa ngokuzimisela. Kuyisimo esidinga ukwelashwa okufanele, okungase kuhlanganise ukwelashwa, imithi, kanye nezinguquko zokuphila.
Ngakho-ke, lapho uzama ukuchazela othile ukucindezeleka, kubalulekile ukudlulisela uzwela, ukubekezela, nokuqonda. Kubalulekile ukukhombisa ukuthi ukudangala kuyisifo sangempela esifanelwe ukuphathwa ngokungathí sina nangenhlonipho. Ukusiza umuntu ukuthi afune usizo lochwepheshe kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokululama.
Qonda ukuthi i-TDM isho ukuthini nokubaluleka kwayo kumongo wamanje wezobuchwepheshe.
I-Discomfort Theory of Depression (DDT) yigama elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza imodeli yetiyetha efuna ukuchaza ukusebenza nokubonakaliswa kokucindezeleka. Ngokwale mbono, ukucindezeleka kubangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle kokulawulwa kwemizwelo, okuholela esimweni sokungakhululeki ngokomzwelo njalo.
Lo mbono ubaluleke kakhulu esimweni sanamuhla sezobuchwepheshe, njengoba ukucindezeleka sekuyinkinga evamile emphakathini wanamuhla. Ngokusetshenziswa okwandayo kwemishini kagesi kanye nenkundla yezokuxhumana, abantu baya ngokuya bechayeka ezimeni ezingase zibangele noma zibe zimbi nakakhulu ukucindezeleka.
Ukuqonda ukuthi i-MDD isho ukuthini kusiza ukukhomba izimpawu futhi ufune ukwelashwa okufanele kokucindezeleka, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngokwelashwa, imithi, noma ezinye izinhlobo zokungenelela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqwashisa ngokubaluleka kwempilo yengqondo endaweni yezobuchwepheshe yanamuhla kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni nasekulweni nokucindezeleka.
Ukuqonda ukucindezeleka ku-Psychopathology: incazelo, izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa okutholakalayo kwesifo.
Ukucindezeleka wukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okubangelwa imizwa ephikelelayo yokudabuka, ukuphelelwa ithemba, nokungabi nasithakazelo emisebenzini yansuku zonke. Izimpawu zokucindezeleka ziyahlukahluka kumuntu nomuntu, kodwa ngokuvamile zihlanganisa ukukhathala, izinguquko ebuthongweni kanye nesifiso sokudla, ubunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo, nemicabango engemihle ephindaphindayo.
Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha ezitholakalayo zokucindezeleka, ezihluka kuye ngobunzima bezimpawu kanye nezidingo zomuntu ngamunye zesiguli ngasinye. Ezinye zezindlela zokwelapha ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo, imithi elwa nokucindezeleka, nokuzivocavoca okuvamile.
Ithiyori yokucindezeleka yokucindezeleka iphakamisa ukuthi ukucindezeleka kubangelwa ukunqamuka phakathi komuntu nomhlaba omzungezile, okuholela emizweni yokuzihlukanisa nokungabi namandla. Le thiyori ichaza ukuthi ukucindezeleka kuyindlela engokwemvelo yokusabela ekucindezelekeni nasekuhlukumezekeni, nokuthi ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kuhilela ukuxhuma kabusha komuntu siqu kanye nabanye.
Ukuqonda ukucindezeleka ku-psychopathology kubalulekile ekuhlinzekeni ukwelashwa okufanele futhi okuphumelelayo kulabo abaphethwe yilesi simo. Ngokubona izimpawu, ukufuna usizo lochwepheshe, kanye nokuhlola izindlela zokwelapha ezihlukene ezitholakalayo, kungenzeka ukuphatha ukucindezeleka ngokugomela futhi uthuthukise izinga lempilo yalabo abathintwe yilesi sifo.
I-Distress Theory of Depression: Ukuthi Iyini nokuthi Ichaza Kanjani Lokhu Kugula
ESpain, abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-2,4 bahlushwa ukucindezeleka ekuphileni kwabo kwansuku zonke, lokhu kusho ukuthi ngaphezu kwe-5,2% yabantu baseSpain baphila nomuzwa wobuhlungu obukhulu nokudabuka okuphazamisa noma okwenza kungenzeki ukuphila ukuphila kwabo ngendlela evamile.
Naphezu kwezehlakalo eziphezulu zalokhu kuphazamiseka kwemizwelo noma isimo, kusenokungavumelani okukhulu emphakathini wesayensi mayelana nembangela yako yangempela. Omunye umbono onjalo uyinkolelo-mbono yokucindezeleka yokucindezeleka , esikuchazayo kuso sonke lesi sihloko.
- Ungaba nentshisekelo kulokhu: "Ukucindezeleka okukhulu: izimpawu, izimbangela kanye nokwelashwa"
Ithini inkolelo-mbono yokucindezeleka?
Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-inflammation theory of depression, le modeli echazayo yezinkinga ezingapheli zokucindezeleka, eyakhiwe udokotela waseBrithani nomcwaningi uBruce G. Charlton ngo-2000, izama ukuchaza umsuka wokucindezeleka ngokombono womzimba, izinto eziphilayo hhayi njengokusabela kwengqondo.
Lo mbono uqala ngombono wokuthi lapho umzimba wethu uyisisulu sohlobo oluthile lokutheleleka, umzimba wethu siqu ukhipha impendulo yokuvuvukala lapho kwenziwa uchungechunge lwezinguquko ze-hemodynamic, amazinga e-lymphatic kanye nokukhululwa kochungechunge lwama-ejenti afana nama-cytokines, i-histamine neuropeptides, njll ukuze kubuyiselwe impilo yomzimba wethu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kanye nokuvuvukala , into engokwengqondo eyaziwa ngokuthi ukuziphatha kwe ukugula Lolu hlobo lokusabela kwengqondo lubonakala ngumuntu ozwa uchungechunge lwemizwa yokukhathala, ukozela, i-anhedonia, nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo; zonke lezi zimpawu zihambisana nengxenye yesithombe somtholampilo sokucindezeleka okukhulu.
Imvelaphi yalokhu kuziphatha kwesifo ingatholakala emiphumeleni ebangelwa amaprotheni athile, ikakhulukazi ama-cytokines, amazinga awo anda lapho kukhona igciwane noma ukutheleleka ebuchosheni bethu.
Lokhu kuhlotshaniswa kwempendulo ekuvuvukeni komzimba noma okuphilayo kanye nokuphendula kwengqondo yilokho okuphakanyiswa yinkolelo-mbono yokucindezeleka. Ngokwalokhu, ukucindezeleka kwe-endogenous kuwuhlobo lwe-pathological yokuziphatha kokugula, lapho izimpawu ziqhubeka khona ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, ngokwalo mbono, ukucindezeleka kubangelwa imiphumela yokuvuvukala okungapheli, okuphansi kwezinga eliphansi kanye nokusebenza okungapheli kwamasosha omzimba.
Ekugcineni, uCharlton ngokwakhe uphakamisa ukuthi umphumela wangempela wama-antidepressants ekudambiseni izimpawu zesifo kutholakala kumphumela we-analgesic iningi labo elinakho, ukuze ngokunciphisa ukuvuvukala kwezinto eziphilayo, izimpawu zokucindezeleka nazo ziyancipha
Le ncazelo isekelwe kubo buphi ubufakazi?
Nakuba ekuqaleni kunzima ukukholelwa ukuthi ukucindezeleka akubangeli isici sangaphandle esibangela le mpendulo, ithiyori yokungakhululeki isekelwe ochungechungeni lobufakazi obusekelayo.
1. Ukuhambisana nezimpawu
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, izimpawu zokucindezeleka okukhulu zihambisana ngezindlela eziningi nalezo zokuziphatha kokugula, okuvame ukuvela lapho sihlushwa uhlobo oluthile lokugula ngokomzimba.
Ezimweni ezinjalo, izimpawu ezinjengokukhathala, ukuncipha kwamandla omzimba, noma imizwa yokukhathazeka nokudabuka Zivela ngenhloso yokuqinisekisa ukuthi umzimba wethu uhlala uphumule futhi ululama ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
2. Umphumela wama-cytokines
Enye yezimpendulo ezingokomzimba umzimba wethu ezivusa ngaphambi kosongo lwesifo ukwanda kwama-cytokines Le phrotheni ibangela ukuvuvukala ngenhloso yokudlulisela emzimbeni wethu ukuthi usesimweni sokuqwashisa noma usongo.
Uma sicabangela ukuthi, ngokuvamile, ezinkingeni ezinezimpawu zokucindezeleka, amazinga e-cytokine aphakeme kakhulu kunokujwayelekile, singakwazi ukucabangela uhlobo lobuhlobo phakathi kwalezi zici ezimbili.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, esimweni esithile se-bipolar disorder, amazinga e-cytokine ayancipha phakathi neziqephu ze-mania noma ukukhululwa kwezimpawu zokucindezeleka , okuqinisa le nhlangano.
3. Isenzo sama-antidepressants
Imithi elwa nokucindezeleka ithinta amazinga e-cytokine, iwanciphise ngokukhethekile. Lokhu kuqinisa umqondo wokuthi imbangela eyinhloko yokucindezeleka okungapheli ilele emiphumeleni la maprotheni abe nayo emzimbeni.
4. Uhlelo lokuphendula lokuvuvukala nokucindezeleka
Ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuthi ukujova izinto ezivuvukalayo noma ama-agent elabhorethri kubangela uchungechunge lwezimpawu ezivamile zezimpawu zomtholampilo zokucindezeleka nokukhathazeka .
Ngaphezu kwalokho, sekusungulwe ubudlelwano obucacile phakathi kokusebenza kwesistimu yokusabela kokuvuvukala emzimbeni wethu kanye nokucindezeleka, njengoba kuqhubeka kusebenze phakathi nalesi sifo.
Uhlelo lwempendulo yokuvuvukala lusebenza ngokusebenza kwe-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, ethinta ukulawulwa kwama-neurotransmitters athile, njenge-serotonin nama-catecholamines, ahlobene ngokuqondile nezifunda zokucindezeleka.
5. Isenzo se-antidepressant sezidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala
Okokugcina, olunye ucwaningo luye lwathola ukuthi ukuphatha izidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala kwezinye izimo zokucindezeleka okungapheli akugcini nje ukuthuthukisa kakhulu izimpawu zabo, kodwa futhi kwenza kanjalo ngezinga elikhulu kunamanye ama-antidepressants.
Kuthiwani uma kukhona ukucindezeleka kodwa kungekho isifo sokuvuvukala?
Ukugxekwa okuyinhloko kwemodeli echazayo yethiyori ye-malaise yokucindezeleka yilokho kunenani elikhulu lamacala lapho imbangela engokomzimba noma uphawu lokuvuvukala okuphilayo akutholakalanga esigulini.
Kodwa-ke, ngokwalo mbono, kuthiwa izinqubo zokucindezeleka kwengqondo zingabangela lokhu kuvuvukala, njenganoma yiluphi uhlobo lokutheleleka, okubangela izimpawu zokucindezeleka.
Ukubhekana namazinga aphezulu okucindezeleka isikhathi eside kuye kwaxhunyaniswa nokwanda kwamazinga e-cytokine e-pro-inflammatory. Lokhu, njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla, kuthinta ngokuqondile amazinga e-serotonin namanye ama-neurotransmitters axhunywe nokudangala.