Ukulutha kwe-Facebook kuyinto evame ukwanda emphakathini wanamuhla, lapho abantu bechitha isikhathi esiningi ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, ikakhulukazi i-Facebook, befuna ukuqinisekiswa, ukuxhumana nokuzijabulisa. Lokhu kuziphatha kungase kubangele uhla lwemiphumela emibi empilweni yomuntu engokwengqondo nengokomzwelo, okuholela ezimpawini ezifana nokukhathazeka, ukuzethemba okuphansi, nokuzihlukanisa nomphakathi. Kulo mongo, kubalulekile ukuqonda izimbangela eziyisisekelo zokulutheka kwe-Facebook, ukukhomba izimpawu ezihlobene nale nkinga, futhi ufune izinketho zokwelapha, njengokwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo nokusungula imingcele enempilo mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwenkundla yezokuxhumana. Ukuqwashisa nokwesekwa kuyisihluthulelo ekusizeni abantu ukuthi balawule lo mkhuba futhi bakhuthaze ukulingana okunempilo ekusebenziseni kwabo ubuchwepheshe bedijithali.
Izimbangela nezimpawu zokulutheka okubonakalayo: funda izizathu nezimpawu zokulutheka ku-inthanethi.
Ukulutha kwe-Facebook kuyinkinga eyandayo kulezi zinsuku, ethinta izigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele. Ukufinyelela kalula ku-inthanethi kanye nesidingo esiqhubekayo sokuhlala uxhumekile kube nomthelela ekwandeni kwalo mkhuba wokulutha ku-inthanethi.
As izimbangela Izimpawu zokulutheka ku-inthanethi zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu, kodwa ngokuvamile zihlanganisa izinkinga ezingokwengqondo ezifana nokuzethemba okuphansi, isizungu, nokusesha ukuqinisekiswa komphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwaneliseka okusheshayo okunikezwa ukuxhumana kwezokuxhumana kungaholela ekuthuthukisweni kokusetshenziswa kwe-Facebook okuyimpoqo.
Os izimpawu Izimpawu zokulutha kwe-Facebook zihlanganisa isidingo esiqhubekayo sokuhlola inethiwekhi yokuxhumana nabantu, ubunzima bokunqamula, ukucasuka lapho ungakwazi ukufinyelela isiteji, ukukhubazeka emisebenzini yansuku zonke ngenxa yokusetshenziswa ngokweqile, nokuzihlukanisa nomphakathi. Lezi zimpawu zingase zibonise inkinga enkulu edinga ukwelashwa.
Ukuze ulwe nokulutha kwe-Facebook, kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lochwepheshe. Ukwelashwa kungase kuhlanganise ukwelashwa komuntu ngamunye noma kweqembu, kanye namasu okulawula ukusetshenziswa kwenkundla yezokuxhumana kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuzethemba. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela inkinga futhi ufune usizo lokuyinqoba.
Izizathu eziyinhloko zokulutha kwezokuxhumana.
Esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zokuncika ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, njenge-Facebook, ukufuna ukuqinisekiswa nokwamukelwa kwabanye. Abantu abaningi basebenzisa lezi zinkundla ukuze bathole ukuthandwa, ukuphawula, nokwabelana, okwakha umuzwa wokwaneliseka ngokushesha futhi kuthuthukise ukuzethemba. Isidingo sokugunyazwa kwabanye singaholela ekusetshenzisweni ngokweqile nokuphoqelela kwalawa manethiwekhi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufinyelela kalula kanye nokubuyekezwa njalo kokuqukethwe ezinkundleni zokuxhumana kwenza kube nzima ukumelana nesilingo sokuhlala uhlola okuphakelayo kwakho. Umuzwa wokuhlala uxhumekile futhi usesikhathini samanje ungakha umuzwa we-FOMO (Ukwesaba Ukuphuthelwa), okuholela abantu ukuthi bachithe amahora beskrola ezinkundleni zokuxhumana.
Esinye isici esinomthelela ekuluthweni kwe-Facebook amandla okuphunyuka. Abantu abaningi basebenzisa inkundla yezokuxhumana njengendlela yokunqamula ezinkingeni zangempela nezansuku zonke, befuna ukuzijabulisa nokuphazamiseka. Ukugqugquzelwa njalo kanye nenhlobonhlobo yokuqukethwe okutholakalayo kwenza kube lula ukulahlekelwa uwena ezinkundleni zokuxhumana amahora amaningi.
Mayelana nezimpawu zokulutheka kwe-Facebook, kuvamile ukubona isidingo esiqhubekayo sokuba ku-inthanethi, ubunzima bokulawula isikhathi esichithwa ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, ukucasuka nokukhathazeka lapho ungakwazi ukufinyelela kuzo, phakathi kwezinye izimpawu. Ukuze welaphe le nkinga, kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lochwepheshe, olufana nodokotela bengqondo noma abelaphi abangochwepheshe bezidakamizwa.
Ukuhlonza izimpawu nokufuna usizo kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile zokunqoba lo mkhuba futhi uphinde ukwazi ukulawula isikhathi sakho nempilo yengqondo.
Ungawuqeda kanjani umkhuba wokusebenzisa i-Facebook ngokweqile?
Ukunqamula umkhuba wokusebenzisa i-Facebook ngokweqile kungaba yinselele, kodwa kungenzeka ngokuzimisela namasu asebenzayo. Ukulutha kwe-Facebook kungaba nezimbangela ezihlukahlukene, njengokusesha ukuqinisekiswa, ukwesaba ukunqanyulwa, noma ngisho nesidingo sokuphazamiseka njalo.
Izimpawu zokulutheka kwe-Facebook zihlanganisa ukuchitha amahora endaweni yesikhulumi ngaphandle kokuqaphela, ukuzizwa ukhathazekile lapho ungakwazi ukufinyelela inethiwekhi yokuxhumana nabantu, nokudebeselela izibopho ngokuvuna ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza. Uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu, kubalulekile ukufuna usizo ukuze unqobe lobu mlutha.
Ukuze ugqashule umkhuba wokusebenzisa kakhulu i-Facebook, kubalulekile ukubeka imingcele ecacile. dala Setha izikhathi ezithile zokufinyelela inkundla yezokuxhumana futhi ugweme ukuyisebenzisa ngaphambi kokulala noma ngemva nje kokuvuka. Ngaseshile ezinye izinto ezikunikeza injabulo nokwaneliseka, njengokuzivocavoca, ukufunda incwadi noma ukuphuma nabangani.
Futhi, inikeza ukwesekwa abangani nomndeni, abangakukhuthaza ukuthi unciphise isikhathi osichitha ku-Facebook. Icala Uma unobunzima bokulawula ukusebenzisa kwakho inkundla yezokuxhumana, cabanga ngokufuna usizo lochwepheshe, njengokwelashwa noma amaqembu okusekela.
Khumbula ukuthi ukulutheka kwe-Facebook akuvamile, futhi ukufuna usizo kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokunqoba lo mkhuba oyingozi. Ngokuzimisela nokusekelwa okufanele, ungakwazi ukugqashula ebugqileni benkundla yezokuxhumana futhi ukwazi ukulawula impilo yakho.
Kungani abantu bencika kwezobuchwepheshe kanye ne-inthanethi?
Abantu bancika kwezobuchwepheshe kanye ne-inthanethi ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene. Ukufinyelela kalula olwazini, ikhono lokuxhumana nabanye emhlabeni wonke, kanye nokwenza lula imisebenzi eyahlukahlukene ku-inthanethi ngezinye zezinzuzo ubuchwepheshe obuzihlinzekayo. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile nokungalawuleki kwalawa mathuluzi kungaholela ekuncikeni okulimaza impilo yengqondo nengokomzwelo.
Isibonelo esivamile sokulutheka kobuchwepheshe wukulutha ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, njenge FacebookAbantu bachitha amahora beskrola eziphakelini zabo zezindaba, behlola njalo izibuyekezo zabangane futhi babelana ngezinto abazizwisa bona. Lokhu kuziphatha kungaba okuphoqelelayo, okuholela emizweni yokukhathazeka nokungakhululeki lapho ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi.
Izimpawu zokulutheka Facebook Lokhu kufaka phakathi isidingo esiqhubekayo sokuhlola inkundla yezokuxhumana, ukuncipha kwentshisekelo emisebenzini engaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, ukucasuka lapho uvinjelwa ukufinyelela inkundla, kanye nokulahlekelwa ukulawula isikhathi esichithwa ku-inthanethi. Lezi zimpawu zikhomba ukuthi lo muntu usungule ubudlelwano obungenampilo nobuchwepheshe, okunomthelela omubi izinga lakhe lempilo.
Ukwelashwa kokulutheka Facebook Kubandakanya ukuqwashisa ngamaphethini okuziphatha, ukufuna usizo lochwepheshe, ukubeka imikhawulo ekusetshenzisweni kwenkundla yezokuxhumana, nokuzibandakanya emisebenzini engaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi ethuthukisa inhlalakahle yengqondo nengokomzwelo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukubaluleka kokulinganisa ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe nezinye izinhlobo zokusebenzelana nezokuzijabulisa, ngaleyo ndlela siqinisekise ubudlelwano obunempilo ne-inthanethi futhi sigweme izingozi zokulutheka.
Ukulutha kwe-Facebook: Izimbangela, Izimpawu, kanye Nokwelashwa
O Facebook umlutha Kuphelile—ukuzethemba kuyaphela uma usebenzisa le nkundla yokuxhumana kuze kufike ezingeni lokudebeselela izici zempilo yansuku zonke, njengokusebenzelana noma ubudlelwano bokuxhumana ubuso nobuso. Ukuthatheka ngale nkundla ye-inthanethi kungenye yezinkinga zakamuva zokulutheka.
Ucwaningo oluhlobene nokulutha kwe-inthanethi kanye nemidiya entsha yedijithali ibonise ukuba khona kokulutheka okungenzeka ku-Facebook. Nakuba kuyisifo esinjalo samanje, ziningi izici okufanele zichazwe ukuze sikunikeze ubuqiniso besayensi obukufanele.
Kukhona ochwepheshe abaningi abangakubheki ukulutheka kwe-Facebook njengomlutha okungase kudinge usizo lwengqondo njengezinye iziyaluyalu zokuziphatha, kuze kube manje ezazibhekwa njengezibi kakhulu, njengokulutheka kwemidlalo.
Kukhona namazwi abucayi afana noGriffiths, othi ukulutheka kwe-Facebook kufanele kufundwe ngokusekelwe emisebenzini noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisetshenziswe kule ngosi, kunokuhlaziya isayithi ngokujwayelekile.
Kodwa-ke, kunezimpawu ezijwayelekile ezikhombisa ukuthi le nkundla yokuxhumana ingaba yinto ekhathaza abasebenzisi be-inthanethi abachitha isikhathi esiningi kuyo.
Izici
Ukulutheka kwe-Facebook kuwukuphazamiseka kokuziphatha ngoba kuhilela ukuphindaphinda ukuziphatha okuthile, nakuba sazi ukuthi kungathinta isimiso sethu sansuku zonke nempilo yengqondo.
Kulesi simo, ukuziphatha okuyimpoqo kubandakanya ukufinyelela okuqhubekayo kule nethiwekhi noma ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi uyisebenzisa. Ngenxa yokufana kwayo, i-Facebook ingathathwa njenge-subtype yokulutha kwe-inthanethi.
I-Facebook isiphenduke into yomhlaba wonke ukuthi, ngaphezu kokuguqula umhlaba wezokuxhumana, iguqule ubudlelwano bomphakathi, ithinta ngokujulile abantu ngabanye. Lesi simo sishubile ngokufika kwemishini ephathwayo, ekuvumela ukuthi ufinyelele iphrofayili yakho noma nini, noma kuphi.
Bayanda abantu abasebenzisa i-Facebook, hhayi nje ukwabelana ngokuqukethwe nabangane babo, kodwa kweminye imisebenzi eyayenziwa ngeminye imidiya noma izindawo. Lokhu kungaba okuyisisekelo njengokuhlala unolwazi ngezindaba zamanje, ukufuna umsebenzi, noma ukumane uchithe isikhathi ezintweni zokungcebeleka.
Izimbangela Zokulutha Kwe-Facebook
Izimbangela zokulutha kwe-Facebook azicacile ngokuphelele. Ezinye izifundo zikuxhumanisa nezimo ezifanayo ezikhiqiza ukuluthwa kwe-inthanethi, nakuba olunye ucwaningo lukhomba izici ezithile zomuntu siqu eziphakamisa ukuthi abanye abantu bathambekele kakhulu ekubeni umlutha wale portal eku-inthanethi.
Ucwaningo olwenziwa nabafundi baseTaiwan ngo-2014 lubonise ukuthi inkimbinkimbi ephansi noma umlingiswa ocindezelekile angaba nomthelela ekusetshenzisweni kwe-Facebook, okuholela ezimweni eziningi ekuthembeleni kule nkundla yokuxhumana.
Olunye ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi amahloni ahlobene eduze nokusetshenziswa kwe-Facebook, nakuba ingenawo umthelela omuhle enanini labangane abangezwe kule portal eku-inthanethi. Lolu cwaningo alukhombisi ngempela ukuthi abantu abanamahloni badinga ukuba imilutha ye-Facebook, kodwa bavame ukwanelisa izidingo zabo zenhlalo ngokusebenzisa le nkundla yedijithali.
Abantu abangamaNarcissistic, noma labo abanokuzethemba okuphansi, bangabasebenzisi be-Facebook, njengoba basebenzisa le ndlela ukuze bathole imibono emihle kwabanye futhi baziqinisekise. Lokhu kushiwo esihlokweni sikadokotela wezengqondo uSoraya Mehdizadeh ezinkundleni zokuxhumana nokuziphatha.
Izimpawu
Ukulutha kwe-Facebook kuhlobene eduze nokulutha kwe-inthanethi. Ingahlukaniswa njengohlobo lokulutha ku-inthanethi, ngakho izimpawu zayo ziyefana.
U-Kimberly Young, isazi se-psychology kanye nochwepheshe bokulutha ku-inthanethi, uphikisa ngokuthi kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa ezingaphansi zokulutheka, kuye ngokuthi umsebenzisi we-inthanethi ongumlutha osebenzisa iwebhu.
Ngokuya ngalokhu kusetshenziswa, kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zokuncika ku-inthanethi, okuhlanganisa ukuncika kumanethiwekhi omphakathi, izinkundla zedijithali noma imiphakathi yedijithali lapho abasebenzisi kuyibo abakhiqiza okuqukethwe.
UDkt. Kimberly Young ubuye abe umsunguli weSikhungo Sokulutha Kwe-inthanethi, obelapha lolu hlobo lokuphazamiseka okuhlobene ne-inthanethi kusukela ngo-1995. Osemusha uveza izimpawu ezinhlanu ezingakusiza ukuthi wazi uma unenkinga yokulutha kwe-Facebook:
Wabelana ngokuqukethwe okuningi
Lolu phawu lukhombisa ukuthi uhlela ngokweqile noma ucabanga ngokweqile ngemisebenzi esizoyenza nokuthi sizoyenza kanjani kuFacebook.
Uzwa isidingo sokusebenzisa i-Facebook kakhulu
Ngamanye amazwi, ungena ngemvume ukuze uhlale uhlola izibuyekezo, ngisho noma wazi ukuthi azikho izindaba kuphrofayela yakho.
Usebenzisa i-Facebook ukuqeda izinkinga zakho zomuntu siqu
Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ulahlekelwa isikhathi ebesikade sisetshenziselwa imisebenzi yansuku zonke eyisisekelo futhi singadala izinkinga nabantu abaseduze kwakho ngenxa yokunganakwa.
Uzizwa ungahlaliseki noma ukhathazekile lapho ungakwazi noma unqatshelwe ukusebenzisa i-Facebook
Imilutha yenkundla yezokuxhumana ingase ibe nohlobo lwe- withdrawal syndrome.
Usebenzisa i-Facebook ngokweqile okuthinta kabi abangani bakho noma ubudlelwano bomphakathi
Kufika isikhathi lapho ungathanda ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zakho zomphakathi ngesikrini kunokuba ubuso nobuso.
Wazi kanjani ukuthi umlutha we-Facebook?
Ucwaningo oluvela eNyuvesi yaseBergen eNorway, eholwa nguCecilie Schou, lwakha isikali se-Facebook sokulutha ngo-2012, iBergen Facebook Addiction Scale (BFAS).
Lesi sikali sinezinto ze-18, ezibonisa izici ezimaphakathi ze-6 zokulutha (ukugqamisa, ukushintshashintsha kwemizwelo, ukubekezelelana, ukuhoxa, ukungqubuzana nokubuyela emuva).
Nasi isibonelo esineminye yale mibuzo ethole amaphuzu amaningi, ukuze ukwazi ukuhlola ukuthi umlutha we-Facebook noma cha. Yonke imibuzo inikezwa ngesilinganiso esilandelayo: 1: kuyaqabukela, 2: kuyaqabukela, 3: ngezinye izikhathi, 4: ngokuvamile, 5: ngokuvamile kakhulu.
Onyakeni odlule…
- Kukangaki uchithe isikhathi ucabanga nge-Facebook noma uhlela ukuyisebenzisa?
- Kukangaki uzwa isidingo sokusebenzisa i-Facebook kakhulu nangaphezulu?
- Ingabe uvame ukusebenzisa i-Facebook ukuze ugweme izinkinga zakho siqu?
- Uzame kangaki ukuyeka ukusebenzisa i-Facebook ngaphandle kwempumelelo?
- Wake wazizwa ukhathazekile noma ukhathazekile ngenkathi uvinjelwe ku-Facebook?
- Ingabe uye wasebenzisa i-Facebook kangangokuthi ibe nomthelela omubi emsebenzini noma ezifundweni zakho?
Le mibuzo ku-Facebook Addiction Scale, eyakhiwe abacwaningi baseNyuvesi yaseBergen, yayihlobene neminye imibuzo ehlobene nezinye izidakamizwa kanye nemikhuba yokulala.
Ekugcineni, ngemva kokuhlola ukwethembeka kokuhlolwa, kwaboniswa ukuthi izimpawu eziningi zazihambisana nezinye izidakamizwa, futhi nokuthi ukulutheka kwe-Facebook kungaba nemiphumela yokulibazisa ubuthongo.
Ukwelashwa
I-Center for Internet Addiction and Recovery ithi kuwebhusayithi yayo labo abayimilutha ye-Facebook kanye nezokuxhumana ngokujwayelekile kufanele bathathe uchungechunge lwezinyathelo:
- Ukuvuma ukuthi kunenkinga kuyisinyathelo sokuqala esidingekayo sokuthatha isinyathelo.
- Vala zonke izaziso. Lokhu kuzokuvimbela ekuhloleni inethiwekhi yokuxhumana nabantu ukuthola izibuyekezo.
- Shintsha futhi ukhawulele izikhathi zakho zokufinyelela ku-Facebook, isibonelo, ngokunciphisa ukusebenzisa kwakho inethiwekhi yokuxhumana nabantu kube kabili ngosuku.
Ngokusho kwesikhungo sikaDkt. Young, uma isikhathi esichithwa ohlelweni lokusebenza sincishisiwe, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukunikeza ukusekelwa kwengqondo kumlutha ukuze bathole ezinye izindlela zokuzihlanganisa nokuxhumana kude nezikrini.
Izinkomba
- Andreassen, CS., Torsheim, T., Brunborg, GS kanye noPallesen, S. Ukuthuthukiswa kwesikali sokulutha se-Facebook. Imibiko Yengqondo.2012, 2, 501-517.
- U-Ryan, T., Chester, A., Reece, J., kanye no-Xenos, S. A Ukuhlola Okufanelekile Kwe-Facebook Addiction: Ukusebenzela Ukwakha Ukuqinisekiswa. I-Addicta: I-Turkish Journal of Addictions. 2016, 3(1), 55-76. I-DOI 10.15805/addicta.2013.3.0004.
- Soraya Mehdizadeh. I-Cyberpsychology, Izingosi Zokuziphatha Nezokuxhumana. Agasti 2010, 13 (4): 357-364. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2009.0257.
- I-Alexa - I-Actionable Analytics yewebhu.