I-Hantavirus: izimpawu, ukudluliselwa, izingozi kanye nokuvimbela

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I-Hantavirus ingenye yalezo zinto ezithelelanayo ezingavamile ukuzwakala ngazo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, kodwa ezingabangela izifo ezinkulu zamaphaphu nezinso., ikakhulukazi kubantu abachayeke ezindaweni ezinamagundane asendle. Nakuba kuyisifo esingavamile, amacala ayenzeka ngokuvamile angaba mabi kakhulu futhi adinga ukubhekwa eduze kwezokwelapha, futhi ngokuvamile, ukulaliswa esibhedlela.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, lo mndeni wamagciwane uphinde waduma ezindabeni ngenxa yokuqubuka kwezifo okungahleliwe, ukwamukelwa esibhedlela esibucayi, ngisho nokufa....kufaka phakathi izimo ezifana nemikhumbi yokuvakasha kanye nezindawo zasemakhaya. Izici ezifana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, kanye nokusondelana okukhulu phakathi kwabantu nezilwane zasendle kukhuthaza ukuvela kokuqubuka kwezifo ezindaweni lapho ngaphambili kwakungekho rekhodi lalesi sifo, okwandisa ukukhathazeka kweziphathimandla zezempilo futhi kukhuthaza ukuvela kwezinye izifo ezifana... i-arbovirus.

Iyini i-hantavirus futhi kungani ifanelwe ukunakwa?

Igama elithi "hantavirus" alichazi igciwane elilodwa, kodwa lichaza iqembu lonke lamagciwane angomndeni wakwaHantaviridae.Ama-hantavirus atholakala ikakhulukazi kumagundane asendle, futhi ngezinga elincane, kumalulwane nakwezinye izilwane ezincane ezincelisayo. Uhlobo ngalunye lwamagundane luvame ukuba yindawo yokugcina uhlobo oluthile lwe-hantavirus, oluye lwasakazeka emvelweni izinkulungwane zeminyaka.

Nakuba la magciwane esesakazeke isikhathi eside, i-hantavirus yahlukaniswa futhi yatholakala elabhorethri ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970 eNingizimu Korea.Ngokuthuthuka kwezindlela zokuxilonga, la ma-ejenti aqala ukuhlotshaniswa nokuqubuka okungenzeka ukuthi kwase kwenzeke ezimpini ezinkulu nasezikhathini zangaphambilini. Kunezincazelo zezifo eShayina yasendulo, eminyakeni engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili edlule, ngezimpawu zemitholampilo namuhla ezifana kakhulu nokutheleleka kwe-hantavirus, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ezithinta izinso.

Ngawo-1990, kwachazwa igciwane elisha le-hanta eMelika, kulandela ukuqubuka kwaleli gciwane okunezinga eliphezulu lokufa ezindaweni zasemakhaya zase-United States.Kusukela lapho, kwavela amacala e-Argentina, eChile, e-Uruguay, eParaguay, nakwamanye amazwe aseMelika, lapho uhlobo oluvame kakhulu kuyi-hantavirus pulmonary (noma i-cardiopulmonary) syndrome, ebonakala ngokwehluleka kokuphefumula okukhulu kanye nokufa okuphezulu.

Ngokwezindawo, singasho ukuthi izinhlobo ze-hantavirus zisatshalaliswa ngendlela ethile.ENyakatho naseNingizimu Melika, izinhlobo ezihlotshaniswa ne-cardiopulmonary syndrome zivame kakhulu; kuyilapho e-Asia nasezingxenyeni ezithile zaseYurophu, amagciwane ahlotshaniswa ne-hemorrhagic fever ene-renal syndrome evame kakhulu. EYurophu, kukhona ngisho nohlobo oluthambile lwalolu hlobo lwezinso, olwaziwa ngokuthi i-epidemic nephropathy, olunezimpawu ezincane.

Izifo ezibangelwa yi-hantavirus

Nakuba kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-hantavirus, emtholampilo zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko., ngezibonakaliso ezahlukene kuye ngokuthi isitho esiyinhloko esiqondiwe:

• I-Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) noma i-hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) - kuvame kakhulu eMelika, okuhlanganisa neBrazil.
• Umkhuhlane wegazi ohambisana nesifo sezinso (HFRS) - ikakhulukazi ehlotshaniswa ne-Asia kanye namanye amazwe aseYurophu.

Kuzo zombili izimo, ukutheleleka kungase kungabonakali, kube nezimpawu ezincane noma kungabi nazimpawu nhlobo.Kodwa-ke, ingathuthuka ngokushesha ibe yizimo ezibucayi kakhulu ezidinga ukwamukelwa esibhedlela esibucayi kanye namazinga aphezulu okufa. Ngokuvamile, i-pulmonary syndrome ivame ukuba yimbangela ebulalayo kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma isiguli sifika esibhedlela sekwephuzile.

Enye imininingwane ebalulekile ukuthi, eYurophu, i-nephropathy ewubhubhane imelela uhlobo oluncane lokubandakanyeka kwezinso yi-hantavirus.Izimpawu zifaka phakathi umkhuhlane, ubuhlungu, kanye nezinguquko ezincane ekusebenzeni kwezinso, ngokuvamile okunezibikezelo ezinhle. Noma kunjalo, ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kuyadingeka, njengoba kwezokwelapha kunzima ukubikezela, ngokusekelwe kuphela ezimpawini zokuqala, ukuthi ubani ozoba nezinhlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi zalesi sifo noma ongeke abe nazo.

I-hantavirus idluliselwa kanjani?

Umthombo oyinhloko wokutheleleka kwabantu amagundane asendle athelelekile akhipha igciwane ngomchamo wawo, indle kanye namathe.Lezi zindle ziyama futhi zingaxubana nothuli ezinqolobaneni, ezindaweni zokugcina impahla, ezindlini zeholide, emagaraji, ema-attic, emakhebhini, ematendeni okukhempa, nakwezinye izindawo ezivalekile noma ezingenawo umoya ohlanzekile.

Indlela evame kakhulu yokudlulisela lesi sifo iwukuhogela izinhlayiya zamagciwane ezitholakala othulini olungcolile.Uma umuntu eshanela, esula, noma ephatha izinto eziqongelelwe lapho kukhona khona indle evela ezithwalini zamagundane, amaconsi amancane aqukethe igciwane angakhishwa emoyeni futhi aphefumulelwe ngaphandle kokuba umuntu eqaphele.

Ngaphandle kwendlela yokuphefumula, ukutheleleka kungenzeka nangokuthintana ngqo namagundane aphilayo noma afile, noma ngomchamo wawo, indle, noma amathe.Ukudluliselwa kungenzeka ngesikhumba esonakele noma ngokuthinta kulandelwe ukuthintana nomlomo, impumulo, noma amehlo. Ukulunywa nokuklwebheka okuvela kumagundane athelelekile, nakuba kungavamile, kungenye indlela yokudlulisela.

Ukuphuza amanzi noma ukudla okungcoliswe uketshezi lwegundane nakho kungadlulisela igciwane.Ngakho-ke, ezindaweni zasemakhaya noma ezindaweni zokukhempa, indlela okugcinwa nokulungiswa ngayo ukudla iyinto ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni.

Ukudluliselwa komuntu nomuntu, eningini elikhulu lezinhlobo ze-hantavirus, kubhekwa njengokungavamile kakhulu noma okungekho nhlobo.Kodwa-ke, kukhona okuhlukile okubalulekile: igciwane elibizwa ngokuthi i-Andes, elisakazeka kakhulu e-Argentina naseChile, lapho ukuqubuka kwalo sekuchazwe khona okungenzeka kube nokudluliselwa komuntu nomuntu esimweni sokuxhumana okuseduze kakhulu nokwesikhathi eside, ngokuvamile ngaphambi kokuqala kwezimpawu zokuphefumula.

I-Hantavirus, igciwane lase-Andes, kanye nomehluko ku-leptospirosis.

Igciwane i-Andes liwuhlobo oluthile lwegciwane i-hantavirus elitholakala ikakhulukazi eNingizimu Melika., kanye namagundane athile asendle esifundeni asebenza njengezindawo zokugcina amanzi. Njengamanye ama-hantavirus, idluliselwa kakhulu ngokuhogela izinhlayiya ezingcolile ngomchamo, indle, noma amathe avela kulezi zilwane, kodwa ivelele ngoba ingenye yezimbalwa lapho ukudluliselwa kwabantu kuye kubantu kuye kwabhalwa khona.

Amacala okudluliselwa kwegciwane le-Andes kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye kubonakala sengathi avame ukwenzeka ezimweni zokuthintana eduze kakhulu, ukuxhumana ngqo noketshezi lokuphefumula, noma ukuhlala isikhathi eside ezindaweni ezivalekile nomuntu onegciwane.Nakuba kuyinto engenzeka ngempela, isalokhu ingavamile futhi itholakala kwezinye izifo ezithile, futhi kuze kube manje, akuyona indlela evamile yokusabalala kwegciwane.

Abantu abaningi badidanisa i-hantavirus ne-leptospirosis, futhi lokhu kudideka kuyaqondakala, njengoba kokubili kuhilela ukuchayeka kumagundane kanye nendle yawo.Kodwa-ke, ziyizifo ezihlukile ngokombono we-microbiological kanye nokwelashwa. Ukutheleleka kwe-Hantavirus kubangelwa igciwane (i-hantavirus), kanti i-leptospirosis ibangelwa igciwane lohlobo lwe-Leptospira.

Nakuba babelana ngezindlela ezithile zokudlulisela ezixhumene nomchamo wamagundane namanye amagundane, inkambo yezokwelapha, izivivinyo zokuxilonga, kanye namasu okwelapha akufani.I-Leptospirosis, njengoba iyibhaktheriya, iyasabela kuma-antibiotic athile; noma kunjalo, ukutheleleka kwe-hantavirus akunawo umuthi oqondile wokwelapha, futhi ukwelashwa kuyasekela, kugxile ekugcineni imisebenzi ebalulekile.

Izimpawu zokutheleleka kwe-hantavirus: kusukela ezimpawini zokuqala kuya ezinhlotsheni ezinzima.

Izimpawu zokuqala zokutheleleka nge-hantavirus ngokuvamile azicaci futhi zidideka kalula nomkhuhlane noma olunye ukutheleleka okujwayelekile kwegciwane.Lokhu kwenzeka kokubili ezimweni eziqhubekela phambili ekubeni yi-pulmonary syndrome kanye nasezimweni lapho izinso zigcwele khona, okwenza kube nzima ukusola kusenesikhathi uma kungekho umongo ocacile wokuchayeka kumagundane.

Ngemva kokuxhumana negciwane, isikhathi sokufukamela siyahlukahluka.Isikhathi sokufukamela singasukela ezinsukwini ezi-3 kuya kwezingama-60, ngesilinganiso esingaba yisonto eli-1 kuya kwezingama-2, kuye ngokuthi uhlobo luni kanye nomthamo wegciwane. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, umuntu ngokuvamile akabonisi zimpawu, kodwa igciwane selivele landa emzimbeni.

Izimpawu zokuqala ezijwayelekile

Phakathi kwezimpawu zokuqala ezivame kakhulu zokutheleleka kwe-hantavirus yilezi::

• Imfivangokuvamile kuphezulu;
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha namalunga, ngomuzwa womzimba "ophukile";
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu (ikhanda elibuhlungu);
• Ukukhathala ngokweqile noma ukukhathalangisho nokuzikhandla okuncane;
• Ukugodola kanye nokungakhululeki okungaqondile;
• Ubuhlungu besisu, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, futhi ngezinye izikhathi uhudo.;
• Ukugodola kanye nomuzwa wokuba nomkhuhlane omubi..

Kulesi sigaba sokuqala, kunzima kakhulu ukuhlukanisa ukutheleleka kwe-hantavirus kwezinye izifo zokuphefumula noma zesisu ngokusekelwe kuphela ezimpawini.Ngakho-ke, umongo wezifo ubalulekile: ukuya ezindaweni ezivame ukuba khona, ukusebenza ezindaweni zasemakhaya, ukuhlanza izindawo ezigcwele amagundane, noma ukuxhumana ngqo nalezi zilwane kufanele kuphakamise ifulege elibomvu.

I-Hantavirus pulmonary/cardiopulmonary syndrome

Ku-hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, evame kakhulu eMelika, izimpawu zokuphefumula ezinzima zivame ukuvela phakathi kwezinsuku ezi-4 neziyi-10 ngemva kokuqala komkhuhlane.Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, isiguli singase sicabange ukuthi sinesifo esivamile segciwane.

Njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, uketshezi lunganqwabelana emaphashini (i-pulmonary edema), okuholela eqoqweni lezimpawu ezihlukile.:

• Ukuphefumula kanzima, umuzwa wokuphefumula okufushane noma ukuqina esifubeni;
• Ukukhwehlela, okungase kuqale kome bese kuba nokukhiqiza, ngezinye izikhathi kube noketshezi kanye negazi;
• Ukuwohloka okusheshayo kokwehluleka kokuphefumula, edinga umoya-mpilo owengeziwe noma umoya wokungenisa umoya ngomshini;
• Ukwehla komfutho wegazi (ukwehla kwengcindezi yegazi) kanye ne-tachycardia (ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo);
• Izimpawu zokushaqeka, enesikhumba esibandayo, ukujuluka, kanye nesimo sengqondo esishintshile.

Ezimweni eziningi zokuqubuka kwalesi sifo ezibikiwe, iziguli ezingaphezu kwengxenye yesithathu eziba nesigaba sokuphefumula esinzima zigcina zifa, ngisho noma zelashwa kakhulu.Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukuqaphela lesi sifo kusenesikhathi, ngaphambi kokuba ukwehluleka kokuphefumula kungabe kusalungiseka.

Umkhuhlane wegazi ohambisana nesifo sezinso (HFRS)

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umkhuhlane wegazi ohambisana nesifo sezinso uvame kakhulu ezinhlotsheni zase-Asia nezaseYurophu futhi unephethini yezokwelapha ehluke kancane.Izimpawu zivame ukuvela cishe evikini elilodwa kuya kwamabili ngemva kokuchayeka, yize lokhu kungahluka.

Phakathi kokubonakaliswa kokuqala nokuphakathi kwe-FHSR, okulandelayo kuyagqama.:

• Ubuhlungu bekhanda obukhulu;
• Ubuhlungu besisu noma ubuhlungu obuphansi emhlane;
• Umkhuhlane ohambisana nokubanda;
• Ukuphazamiseka kokubona, okuhlanganisa ukubona okuphambene noma okufiphele.;
• Ukufiphala kobuso (ububomvu ebusweni);
• Amehlo abomvu noma avuvukele, okungenzeka kube nokuzwela kwe-photosensitivity.

Njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, kungase kube nokubonakaliswa kokuphuma kwegazi kanye nokwehluleka kwezinso okubukhali.Izimpawu ezifika sekwephuzile nezingathi sína kakhulu zifaka phakathi ukwehla komfutho wegazi, ukushaqeka, ukopha kwangaphakathi ngenxa yokwanda kokungena kwemithambo yegazi, kanye nokwehla okukhulu kokukhiqizwa komchamo, okungadinga i-dialysis.

Ukululama ekuhlulekeni kwezinso kungaba kancane, kuthathe amasonto noma izinyanga ukuze kusebenze kahle ngokuphelele izinso.Ezimweni eziningi, ukululama okuhle kungenzeka, kodwa kwezinye, imiphumela yesikhathi eside njengokwehluleka kwezinso okungapheli noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme oqhubekayo ingase ihlale ikhona.

Ukuxilongwa kokutheleleka kwe-hantavirus

Ukuthola ukutheleleka kwe-hantavirus akulula, ikakhulukazi esigabeni sokuqala lapho izimpawu zifana nezezinye izifo eziningi.Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukutshela udokotela wakho nganoma yikuphi ukuxhumana kwamuva namagundane, ukuhlanzwa kwezindawo ezihlaselwe yileli gciwane, noma ukuya ezindaweni lapho kwaziwa khona ukuthi likhona.

Ukuxilongwa kwezifo ngokuvamile kwenziwa udokotela ojwayelekile noma uchwepheshe wezifo ezithathelwanayo (uchwepheshe wezifo ezithathelwanayo).Udokotela uzohlola izimpawu, umlando wokuchayeka endaweni ezungezile, futhi uma kudingeka, a-ode ukuhlolwa okuqondile. Ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukubuza ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nohambo oluya ezindaweni zasemakhaya, imizila emapaki emvelo, ukukhempa, ukuvakashela izibaya noma ukuphatha izilwane eziphilayo noma ezifile.

Ukuhlolwa kwelebhu okuqondile kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa okufana ne-RT-PCR, i-immunohistochemistry, kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-serological okufana ne-ELISA.Lezi zivivinyo zisetshenziselwa ukuthola ukuthi kukhona i-genome noma ama-antibodies egciwane (ikakhulukazi i-IgM) akhiqizwa umzimba ngokumelene ne-hantavirus. Kodwa-ke, lezi zivivinyo zingase zingabi bucayi emahoreni ambalwa okuqala noma ezinsukwini ngemva kokutheleleka, futhi ngokuvamile zithembeke kakhulu ngemva kwamahora angaba ngu-72.

Ngaphezu kokuhlolwa okuthile, udokotela ubheka izinguquko ezivivinyweni ezivamile ezingase ziphakamise ukutheleleka kwe-hantavirus.Izimpawu zifaka phakathi inani elikhulayo lamaseli amhlophe egazi (i-leukocytosis), inani elinciphile lama-platelet (i-thrombocytopenia), amazinga omoya-mpilo egazini angaphansi kwejwayelekile, kanye nezinguquko ekusebenzeni kwezinso nesibindi. Ama-X-ray esifubeni, ama-echocardiogram, kanye nezinye izivivinyo zezithombe kusiza ukuhlola izinga lokubandakanyeka kwamaphaphu futhi kususe ezinye izimbangela ezinezimpawu ezifanayo, njenge-pneumonia yamagciwane noma isifo senhliziyo.

Njengoba lokhu kungukutheleleka okungenzeka kube nomthelela empilweni yomphakathi, amacala okusolwa ukuthi angenwa yi-hantavirus kufanele abikwe futhi aphenywe ngokucophelela okukhulu.Emazweni anezinhlelo zokuqapha ezihlelekile, ama-laboratory okubhekisela kuwo kanye neziphathimandla zezempilo ziqapha la macala ukuze zithole noma yikuphi ukuqubuka noma amaphethini okudlulisela angajwayelekile kusenesikhathi.

Ukwelashwa: ukwesekwa okujulile kanye nokunakekelwa esibhedlela.

Kuze kube manje, awukho umuthi wokulwa namagciwane osebenza kahle futhi ovunyelwe kabanzi osetshenziswa kabanzi ekwelapheni ukutheleleka kwe-hantavirus.Ngakho-ke, ukugxila kokwelashwa kuyasekela, okungukuthi, ukugcina imisebenzi ebalulekile yesiguli ngenkathi amasosha omzimba elwa negciwane.

Ezimweni eziningi eziphakathi nendawo kuya kwezinzima, isiguli sidinga ukungeniswa esibhedlela.Iziguli zivame ukungeniswa ezindlini zokunakekelwa okujulile (i-ICU) uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kokuphefumula noma ukushaqeka. Ukuqala ukwelashwa okusekelayo kusenesikhathi kwenza umehluko ekubikezelweni kwesifo, kunciphisa ingozi yezinkinga ezibulalayo.

Phakathi kwezindlela zokwelapha ezingasetshenziswa yilezi::

• Ukwelashwa komoyampilo, ukwandisa ukutholakala komoya-mpilo emzimbeni;
• Ukungenisa umoya ngomshini, lapho amaphaphu engasakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukushintshana kwegesi okwanele ngokwawo;
• Ukuphathwa kwe-serum nge-intravenous kanye nokulawulwa okuqinile koketshezi ukuze kugcinwe umfutho wegazi ngaphandle kokuba kubi kakhulu ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu;
• Ukusetshenziswa kwama-vasopressor, izidakamizwa ezisiza ekukhuphuleni umfutho wegazi ezimweni zokushaqeka;
• Ukusetshenziswa okungenzeka kwemithi yokulwa namagciwane, ezimweni ezithile nangokuya ngezinqubo zendawo, yize inzuzo yayo isacwaningwa;
• Ukuphefumula kwe-oxygenation ye-membrane yangaphandle komzimba (ECMO), ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu zokwehluleka kokuphefumula, uma kutholakala;
• I-Dialysis noma i-hemodialysisLokhu kwenzeka lapho izinso ziphazamiseka kakhulu futhi ziyeka ukuhlunga igazi kahle.

Njengoba kunikezwe ingozi, yize incishisiwe, yokudluliselwa kwezinye izinhlobo kanye namathuba okuba nobunzima obukhulu, ukuhlukaniswa kanye nezinyathelo zokuqapha ezithuthukisiwe zivame ukuthathwa. Kuzo zonke izimo ezisolwayo noma eziqinisekisiwe. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokuzivikela ochwepheshe bezempilo, futhi kwezinye izimo, imikhawulo yokuvakasha.

Ngokuvamile, iziguli eziningi zingalulama ngokuphelele uma zelashwa kusenesikhathi, kodwa ezinye zingase zisale nemiphumela ehlala njalo.ikakhulukazi ezinso (ukwehluleka kwezinso okungapheli) noma ngesimo somfutho wegazi ophakeme. Ukulandelela ngemva kokuphuma kwegazi kubalulekile ukuqapha le miphumela engaba khona yesikhathi eside.

Ingabe kukhona umuthi wokugomela i-hantavirus?

Ezindaweni eziningana zaseYurophu naseMelika, akukabikho umuthi wokugomela ovunyelwe futhi otholakala kabanzi wokuvimbela ukutheleleka kwe-hantavirus.Lokhu kusho ukuthi, okwamanje, isu eliyinhloko liyaqhubeka nokuvimbela imvelo nokuziphatha.

E-Asia, emazweni afana neShayina neNingizimu Korea, kutholakale imithi yokugomela izinhlobo ezithile ezihlotshaniswa nomkhuhlane wegazi ohambisana nesifo sezinso.Kodwa-ke, le mithi yokugoma ayisetshenziswa njalo eYurophu noma eMelika, futhi ayivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kulezo zifunda.

Njengoba isimo se-epidemiological singashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kanye nentuthuko ocwaningweni lwesayensi, kungenzeka ukuthi kuzofundwa imithi emisha yokugoma. kwezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-hantavirus, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho lesi sifo sitholakala khona noma lapho kuvela khona ukuqubuka okuvamile.

Ukuvimbela: Indlela yokunciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka nge-hantavirus

Njengoba singenalo ukwelashwa okukhethekile noma umuthi wokugomela otholakala kabanzi, ukuvimbela ukuthintana negciwane kuyisikhali esisebenza kahle kakhulu.Izindlela zokuvimbela zigxile ekugwemeni ukuthintana namagundane athelelekile kanye nendle yawo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezivalekile noma zasemakhaya.

Ukunakekelwa okuvamile ekhaya nasezindaweni ezizungezile.

Enye yezindlela ezilula zokunciphisa ingozi ukwenza indlu nendawo ezungezile ingathandeki kumagundane.. Lokhu kuhlanganisa:

• Gcina indawo ezungeze indlu ihlanzekile., ngaphandle kokuqongelela imfucumfucu, udoti, izitshalo eziminyene kakhulu, noma izinqwaba zezinkuni ezingaba yindawo yokukhosela amagundane;
• Gwema ukuqongelela udoti eduze kweminyango, amafasitela, noma izakhiwo ezingaphandle., ukuqinisekisa ukuqoqwa nokugcinwa kahle kwemfucuza;
• Gcina ukudla ezitsheni ezivalwe kahle. futhi ihlala isikhathi eside, ikude namagundane;
• Vala izimbobo, imifantu ezindongeni, kanye nezindawo zokungena ezingaba khona., ukufaka amanetha emafasiteleni nokuvala izikhala ophahleni naseminyango;
• Ukusebenzisa izicupho ukulawula amagundane, ngokulahla izidleke nezilwane ezifile ngokuphephile.

Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa izinto zasekhishini ezigcinwe isikhathi eside, kunconywa ukuthi uzigeze kahle.Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma izinto bezisezindaweni lapho kungenzeka ukuthi kwakukhona khona amagundane. Lokhu kusebenza nasezingutsheni nasezintweni ezigcinwe ezindlini zokugcina impahla, emagaraji, noma ezindlini zeholide izinyanga eziningi.

Ukuhlanza izindawo ezivalekile nezingase zibe zingcolile

Esinye sezikhathi zengozi enkulu yokuchayeka ku-hantavirus yilapho kuhlanza izindawo ezivalwe isikhathi eside noma ezibonakala zigcwele amagundane., njengezindawo zokugcina impahla, izibaya, ama-attic, ama-cellars kanye nama-cabins okukhempa.

Kulezi zimo, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ezingokoqobo.:

• Gwema ukushanela noma ukusula nge-vacuum cleaner. Amanzi egundane omisiwe noma uthuli olusolisayo, njengoba lokhu kuvusa izinhlayiya emoyeni;
• Ngithanda ukuhlanza okumanzi.Ukusebenzisa izindwangu ezimanzi noma ama-mop anesibulali-magciwane, ngemva kokufaka umoya kahle endaweni;
• Vula iminyango namafasitela bese uvumela umoya ujikeleze isikhashana. ngaphambi kokungena nokuqala ukuhlanza;
• Sebenzisa imaski efanele. futhi, uma kungenzeka, amagilavu, ukuze kuncishiswe ukuthintana ngqo nezinhlayiya ezingase zibe zingcolile;
• Lahla ngendlela efanele imfucuza nezinto ezibonakala zingcolile ngendle., ngokulandela iziqondiso zokuphepha zendawo.

Ngemva kokuhlanza, kubalulekile ukugeza izandla zakho nobuso kahle.Geza izandla zakho, okungcono kakhulu ngensipho namanzi, ugweme ukuthinta amehlo akho, impumulo, noma umlomo ngaphambi kokuzigeza kahle.

Ukuhamba, ukukhempa kanye nemisebenzi yasemakhaya

Emazweni afana nePortugal, ingozi yokutheleleka nge-hantavirus ibhekwa njengephansi kakhulu.ngisho noma kuqhathaniswa nezifunda zomhlaba lapho leli gciwane lisakazeke khona. Kodwa-ke, ngokwanda kokuhamba kwamanye amazwe, kuwukuhlakanipha ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha lapho uvakashela izindawo ezisengozini enkulu, njengezingxenye ezithile zaseLatin America, e-Asia naseMpumalanga Yurophu.

Iziphathimandla zezempilo zincoma ukuqapha okukhethekile lapho uvakashela amazwe afana ne-Argentina, i-Chile, i-Paraguay, ne-Uruguay.lapho i-hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome ichazwe khona ezifweni eziningana. Ekukhempini, ekuhambeni ngemvelo, noma ekuhlala ezindlini zasemadolobheni nasezindlini zasemakhaya, kubalulekile ukugwema ukulala ezindaweni ezinezimpawu ezisobala zamagundane noma ezinothuli oluningi oluqongelelwe.

Ngesikhathi sokuhamba ngezinyawo, umsebenzi wezolimo, noma ezinye izinhlobo zemisebenzi yangaphandle, kuyalulekwa ukuthi ungashiyi ukudla kusobala futhi ulahle udoti ngokuphephile....ngaphandle kokuyibuyisela ekhaya isezikhwameni ezivulekile okungenzeka ukuthi zingcolile. Izingubo nemishini esetshenziswa kulezi zimo kufanele ihlanzwe kahle lapho ibuyiselwa.

Kunoma yisiphi isimo lapho, ngemva kokuya ezindaweni eziyingozi, umkhuhlane, ukukhathala okukhulu, noma izimpawu zokuphefumula eziphawulekayo zivela khona, kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha. futhi njalo utshele uchwepheshe wezempilo izindawo ezivakashelwe kanye nanoma yikuphi ukuxhumana okungenzeka namagundane noma izindawo ezigcwele.

Uma sibheka konke lokhu, ukutheleleka kwe-hantavirus kusalokhu kuyisifo esingavamile, kodwa kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi sibe sibi kakhulu.Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezinhlobo zamaphaphu nezinso ezingathuthuka ngokushesha zibe ukwehluleka kokuphefumula, ukushaqeka, kanye nokwehluleka kwezitho zomzimba. Isimo sendawo ezungezile, ukwanda kwenani lamagundane ezindaweni ezithile, kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kwenza ukubhekwa kwezifo kanye nelebhu kube yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Ulwazi oluthembekile, izindlela zokuvimbela ezilula zansuku zonke, kanye nokufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kusenesikhathi uma kusolwa manje sekuyizindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokunciphisa umthelela waleli gciwane empilweni yomphakathi.