I-syncope, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukuquleka, ibonakala ngokulahlekelwa isikhashana kokuqaphela kanye nethoni yemisipha, okuholela ekuweni okungazelelwe nokungalindelekile. Lesi siqephu singethusa kokubili umuntu oqulekile kanye nalabo abasibonayo. Izimpawu ze-syncope zihlanganisa ukuphaphatheka, ukujuluka, isiyezi, ukungaboni kahle, isicanucanu, nokuba buthakathaka. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-syncope, njenge-reflex, i-cardiogenic, ne-orthostatic, ngayinye enezimbangela zayo ezithile. Izimbangela eziyinhloko zokuquleka zihlobene nokuntuleka komoya-mpilo ebuchosheni, izinkinga zenhliziyo, i-hypotension, i-hypoglycemia, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, phakathi kwabanye. Ezimweni ze-syncope, kubalulekile ukuhlala uzolile, ulale umuntu emhlane, uphakamise imilenze yakhe, futhi ukhulule izingubo eziqinile. Uma ukuquleka kuqhubeka isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu embalwa, kutuswa ukuba ufune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.
Izinhlobo ze-syncope: funda ngezinhlobo ezi-3 eziyinhloko zokuquleka okungenzeka.
I-syncope, edume ngokuthi ukuquleka, ukulahlekelwa ukwazi okungazelelwe futhi kwesikhashana okungabangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-syncope, ezivame kakhulu yilezi:
I-syncope ye-Vasovagal: Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-neurocardiogenic syncope, iyindlela evamile yokuquleka futhi kwenzeka ngenxa yokusabela okweqile kwesistimu yezinzwa ezizimele. Kungabangelwa izimo ezicindezelayo, ubuhlungu obukhulu, ukushisa okudlulele, noma imizwa enamandla.
I-syncope yenhliziyo: Kwenzeka ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo, okufana ne-cardiac arrhythmias, isifo se-valve, noma ukuvinjelwa kwe-coronary artery. Kulezi zimo, ukuntuleka komoyampilo ebuchosheni kuholela ekuqulekeni.
I-syncope yesimo: Kubangelwa izimo ezithile, njengokukhwehlela, ukuthimula, ukuchama, noma ukuzikhandla okukhulu ngokomzimba. Ngokuvamile akubangeli ingozi empilweni, kodwa kubalulekile ukuphenya imbangela ewumsuka.
Kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi i-syncope ingaba uphawu lwezimo ezimbi kakhulu, njengezinkinga zenhliziyo, zemizwa, noma ze-metabolic. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela ukuze ahlolwe futhi aphenywe ngendlela efanele, ikakhulukazi uma iziqephu zokuquleka zivamile noma zihambisana nezinye izimpawu eziphathelene.
Ezimeni ze-syncope, kubalulekile ukumbeka emhlane umuntu ephakamise imilenze yakhe, akhulule izingubo eziqinile, aqinisekise umoya omuhle, futhi alinde ukwazi ukuthi kubuye. Uma ukuquleka kuphindelela, kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ukuze uthole imbangela bese uqala ukwelashwa okufanele.
Izimpawu eziyinhloko nokubonakaliswa kwe-syncope: funda ngezimpawu ezivame kakhulu.
As i-syncope yisiqephu se ukulahlekelwa ukwazi okwesikhashana okwenzeka ngokuzumayo futhi ngokuvamile kulandelwa ukululama ngokushesha. Okuyinhloko izimpawu nezibonakaliso I-syncope ihlanganisa:
- Isiyezi;
- Iphaphathekile;
- Umjuluko obandayo;
- Ukungaboni kahle;
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okubuthakathaka;
- Isicanucanu.
Labo izimpawu zivamile phakathi ne-syncope futhi zingasiza ekuboneni inkinga. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela lezi zimpawu, ikakhulukazi uma zenzeka ngokuphindaphindiwe.
Kukhona ezahlukene izinhlobo ze-syncope, okungabangelwa eziningana izizathu. Phakathi kwe izimbangela ezivame kakhulu kunjalo:
- I-Hypotension;
- I-arrhythmia yenhliziyo;
- Izinkinga ze-Neurological;
- i-hypoglycemia;
- Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.
Uma wena noma othile osondelene nawe ethola izimpawu ze-syncope, kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha. usizo lwezempilo ngokushesha. I ukwelashwa kuya ngembangela ewumsuka futhi kungahluka kuye ngokuxilonga okwenziwa uchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo.
Ungazinaki lezi zimpawu futhi njalo ufune usizo lwezokwelapha lapho kudingeka.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-syncope nokuquleka?
I-syncope igama lezokwelapha elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza a ukuquleka Umcimbi ongazelelwe futhi wesikhashana oholela ekulahlekelweni kwesikhashana kokwazi nokulawula kwe-postural. Abantu bavame ukudida i-syncope nokuquleka, kodwa kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi i-syncope igama elifanele ukuchaza lesi siqephu.
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-syncope kanye nokuquleka usemsuka wembangela yesiqephu. Nakuba ukuquleka kuyisenzakalo esiyingqayizivele nesizumayo, i-syncope iwuphawu lwenkinga yezempilo engaphansi, njengenhliziyo, imizwa, i-metabolic, noma izinkinga ezingokwengqondo.
Okunye okuyinhloko izimpawu I-syncope ihlanganisa ukuphaphatheka, ukujuluka, isiyezi, ubuthakathaka, ukungaboni kahle, nesicanucanu. Kukhona ezahlukene izinhlobo ye-syncope, okuhlanganisa i-vasovagal syncope, i-cardiac syncope, ne-neurological syncope, ngayinye enezimbangela zayo nezici ezithile.
As izimbangela Izimpawu ze-syncope zingasukela ekuphelelweni amanzi emzimbeni kanye ne-hypoglycemia kuya ezimweni ezinzima zenhliziyo njenge-arrhythmias noma isifo se-coronary artery. Kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma wena noma othile osondelene nawe ehlangabezana nesiqephu se-syncope ukuze abone imbangela eyinhloko futhi athole ukwelashwa okufanele.
Ukuze ulawule isiqephu se-syncope, kubalulekile ukumbeka emhlane, uphakamise imilenze yakhe, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi usendaweni ephephile. Ukugwema izisusa ezifana nezibani ezikhanyayo nomsindo omkhulu kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ezinye iziqephu ze-syncope.
Kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ukuxilonga nokwelapha imbangela ye-syncope ukuvimbela izinkinga ezizayo.
Qonda ukuthi iyini i-syncope futhi ufunde ukwenza ngendlela efanele kulesi simo.
I-syncope, edume ngokuthi ukuquleka, ukulahlekelwa ukwazi kwesikhashana nokuwa okwenzeka ngenxa yokuncipha kwesikhashana kokugeleza kwegazi ukuya ebuchosheni. Lesi simo singethusa kokubili labo abasibonayo kanye nalabo abahlangabezana naso, kodwa ngokuvamile asinangozi.
Os izimpawu i-syncope ihlanganisa ukuphaphatheka, ukujuluka, isiyezi, ukubona lufifi, umuzwa wokuquleka okusondelayo, nokulahlekelwa ukwazi. Kukhona ezahlukene izinhlobo ye-syncope, njenge-vasovagal (evame kakhulu), inhliziyo, i-orthostatic, ne-neurological. Ngayinye yalezi inezimbangela zayo kanye nezici zayo.
As izimbangela Izimpawu ze-syncope zingasukela ezimweni ezilula, njengokuma isikhathi eside, kuya ezinkingeni ezingathi sína, njenge-arrhythmias yenhliziyo. Ezinye izici ezingabangela isiqephu se-syncope zihlanganisa ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, ukucindezeleka, ubuhlungu obukhulu, i-hypoglycemia, phakathi kwabanye.
Lapho ubhekene nomuntu ozoquleka, kubalulekile ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha nangendlela efanele. Ukuze usize umuntu osezoquleka, kufanele umlalise ngomhlane, uphakamise imilenze yakhe ngaphezu kwezinga lenhliziyo yakhe, ukhulule izingubo ezimpintshayo, ugcine indawo ezungezile ingenisa umoya futhi inethezekile, futhi ulindele ukuba aphaphame. Ezimeni ze-syncope ephindaphindayo noma ende, kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha.
I-syncope (ukuphelelwa amandla): izimpawu, izinhlobo, izimbangela kanye nalokho okufanele ukwenze
Simile, kushisa kakhulu, sisanda kuzivocavoca kakhulu... ngokuzumayo, sizizwa sibuthakathaka, sinesiyezi, siqala ukubona amachashazi abomvu noma aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuphela size sigcine siwe phansi, silahlekelwe ukwazi imizuzwana embalwa. Lesi isibonelo salokho obekuzokwenzeka ukube besikhona uhlushwa yi-syncope noma ukuquleka .
Ichaza i-syncope
I-syncope noma ukuquleka kuchazwa ngokuthi isiqephu esidlulayo sokulahlekelwa ukwazi , okwenzeka kungazelelwe futhi kungalindelekile ngenxa yokuncipha kokugeleza kwegazi lobuchopho ebuchosheni futhi umsuka wayo ungatholakala enanini elikhulu lezimbangela.
Kuwuphawu oluvamile kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemiphakathi engadingi ukukhombisa ukuphazamiseka, nakuba kwezinye izikhathi kungase kubonise noma kwenzeke ngenxa yokuba khona kwe-coronary pathologies noma ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic.
Ngokuvamile, uchungechunge lwezimpawu lungatholakala kuqala, luxwayisa umzimba ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle ngaphambi kokulahlekelwa ukwazi, ngakho-ke singathola ukuthi i-syncope ivame ukwenza izikhathi ezimbili.
Ukulahlekelwa ukwazi ngokuvamile kuba kufushane, akubonakali, kuthatha imizuzwana noma imizuzu embalwa. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu lapho izimbangela zokulahlekelwa ukwazi zingama-pathologies amakhulu, lokhu kulahlekelwa ukwazi kungase kubonise i-coma noma ngisho nokufa. kugcine ngokushona kwesiguli .
Izigaba zayo ezimbili
Njengoba sesibonile, nakuba kungase kwenzeke ukuthi ukulahlekelwa ukwazi kungazelelwe, ezimweni eziningi umuntu ophethwe yi-syncope akalahlekelwa ukwazi ngaphandle kokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kodwa unikeza izipho. uchungechunge lwezimpawu ngaphambi kwengozi exwayisa umuntu. Ukuthi kukhona okwenzekayo. Yingakho singakhuluma nge-syncope ngokwayo kanye ne-pre-syncope.
I-Presyncope
I-Presyncope ichazwa njengesethi yezimpawu ezenzeka ngaphambi kokuba isihloko silahlekelwe ukwazi. Kulezi zikhathi zangaphambili, isihloko ukuzwa umuzwa ojulile wesiyezi , ukungakhululeki kwamathumbu, izinguquko ekuboneni okushisayo kanye nomuzwa wobuthakathaka bemisipha.
Esinye sezimpawu ezivame kakhulu yi umbono womhubhe, okuya ngokuya ukufiphala ngenkathi amaphuzu okukhanya ebonakala (umbala wawo ungahluka kuye ngomuntu). Kujwayelekile ukuthi uphathwe yikhanda bese ungena kakhulu.
Kuye ngecala, ukulahlekelwa ngokuphelele kwengqondo kungase kungapheli uma umuntu ekwazi ukuphumula, ukuzola, noma ukuxazulula isizathu esiholele kulesi simo.
I-Syncope
I-syncope ngokwayo yenzeka lapho ophathwayo elahlekelwa ukwazi, okungukuthi, lapho equleka. Kulesi simo, kukhona hypotonia yemisipha okuphelele noma okucishe kuphelele, okubangela ukuthi isihloko siwele phansi uma singabanjwa noma singasekelwa ndawana thize, kanye nokulahlekelwa isikhashana kokwazi. Abafundi bayanwebeka futhi ishayela liyancipha.
Izinhlobo ze-syncope
Njengoba kushiwo, izimbangela ze-syncope zingaba ziningi futhi ziguquguquke. Ngokuqondile, singathola amaqembu amathathu ayinhloko, kuye ngokuthi ngabe i-syncope ibangelwa ukuguqulwa kwenhliziyo noma ezinye izimbangela, kanti lesi sakamuva sivame kakhulu.
I-Cardiogenic syncope
I-syncope yemvelaphi yenhliziyo ngokuvamile ziwuhlobo oluyingozi kakhulu futhi olusongela ukuphila lwe-syncope, ngoba ukulahlekelwa ukwazi kusuka ekushintsheni komzimba ezingeni lenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.
Lolu hlobo lwe-syncope lungabangelwa ukuvinjelwa noma ukusheshisa kwe-atria noma ama-ventricles noma imithambo ehlukahlukene kanye nemithambo. Ngakho, ba kungenzeka ezimweni ze-arrhythmia , njenge-tachycardia ne-bradycardia, nesifo senhliziyo sesakhiwo.
I-syncope ngenxa ye-orthostatic hypotension
Lolu hlobo lwe-syncope lubandakanya iziqephu zokulahlekelwa ukwazi lokho kungaba yingozi futhi . Kulokhu, kukhona ukuncipha kwengcindezi ye-orthostatic noma ikhono lokulawula umfutho wegazi.
Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngaphambi kweziqephu ze-hypoglycemia (ukungondleki kahle noma isifo sikashukela ngokuvamile kuyimbangela yalolu hlobo lwe-syncope), ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, ukulahlekelwa igazi ngenxa yokopha, noma ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile noma izinto ezithile. Izimbangela zaso kufanele zilashwe ngokushesha, kungenjalo impilo yesiguli ingase ibe sengozini.
I-Reflex noma i-neurally mediated syncope
Iwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu futhi eyaziwa kwe-syncope , ekhona kubantu abaningi ngaphandle kwanoma iyiphi i-pathology eyaziwayo.
Bagqamisa i-vasovagal syncope, ewumphumela wokukhuthazwa kwe-vagus nerve, ngokuvamile ngenxa yezimo ezifana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukuma noma ukunyakaza okushesha kakhulu, ubuhlungu bomzimba, ukukhathazeka, noma ukuba nemizwa noma izimo ezeqisayo. I-syncope yesimo, exhunywe esimweni esithile, nayo ivamile.
Ukwelashwa
I-syncope noma ukuquleka kuvame ukuba yisimo sesikhashana lapho isiguli sigcina silulama ngaphandle kwe-sequelae. Nokho, kubalulekile ukusungula imbangela, ikakhulukazi ezigulini ezinezinkinga zenhliziyo zangaphambili. Eqinisweni, i-syncope engazelelwe ngenxa yezimbangela zenhliziyo ingaba uphawu lokuhluleka kwenhliziyo futhi kubangele ukufa kwesiguli.
Ezimweni ezingaveli ngezinkinga zenhliziyo, ukwelashwa okufanele kusetshenziswe kungashintsha kuye ngembangela yako ethize. Eziningi zazo zikhiqizwa ukuwa okubangelwa ukucindezeleka okungeyona ingozi futhi kululama ngokuzenzekelayo, njengalokho okubangelwa ukusabela kwe-vasovagal.
Nokho, noma ngezinye izikhathi, zingenzeka ngenxa yezimo eziyingozi, njenge-hypoglycemia kubantu abanesifo sikashukela Kulokhu, kubalulekile ukuthi udle ngokushesha ushukela noma noma yikuphi ukudla noma isiphuzo esiwuqukethe ngaphambi kokulahlekelwa ukwazi, kanye ne-hydration nokuphumula imizuzwana embalwa, ukuqapha amazinga kashukela egazini.
Imithi
Uma ulahlekelwa ukwazi, I-glucagon ingase idinge ukuphathwa (okungeyona i-insulin, ngokuvamile okuwumjovo onikezwa abantu abathintwe yilesi sifo, njengoba kungaba nomthelela omubi noyingozi) yizinsizakalo zezokwelapha noma umuntu omjwayele noma isihlobo owazi inani okufanele liwusebenzise.
Ezimweni zokukhathazeka okuphezulu, kunconywa ukuba ugweme okwesikhashana isimo esicindezelayo, nakuba siphindaphinda, kungase kube kuhle ukwenza imisebenzi evumela ukuhlala okuqhubekayo kanye ukuzivumelanisa nesimo se-angiogenic Ama-tranquilizer nama-beta-blockers nawo angasetshenziswa uma kunesidingo. Uma lokhu kwenzeka kubantu abadala asebekhulile futhi ngaphambi kokushintsha izikhundla, amasitokisi okucindezela anconywa ukusiza ukulawula ukugeleza kwegazi.
Endabeni yezinkinga zenhliziyo, ukungenelela okusheshayo kwezinsizakalo zezokwelapha kuyadingeka , ozonikeza ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu ngokusekelwe kusizathu esiqondile. Lokhu kungase kuqale ekuphathweni kwama-anticoagulant, ama-defibrillators, ukuhlinzwa, noma ukufakwa kwe-pacemaker.
Izinkomba ze-Bibliographic:
- Moya, A.; Rivas, N.; Sarias, A.; Pérez, J. & Rova, I. (2012). Syncope Rev. Esp. UCarol. vol.65, 8. Barcelona.
- Peinado, R. (2014). I-Presyncope: uphawu olunokubaluleka okufanayo kokubikezela njenge-syncope? Umfundisi Esp. I-Cardiol. Vol. 57 (7); 613-6.
- Gutierrez, O. (1996). Syncope: ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa. Umfundisi Peru Cardiol.; XXII (1): 30-38.