UJane Addams wayeyisazi sefilosofi saseMelika kanye nesishoshovu sezenhlalakahle esaziwa ngomsebenzi wakhe egameni labesifazane, abampofu, kanye nabokufika. Wazalwa ngo-1860 eCedarville, e-Illinois, e-Addams wayengowesifazane wokuqala ukuthola indondo yeNobel Peace Prize ngo-1931, ebonga ukuzibophezela kwakhe kubulungiswa bezenhlalakahle kanye nokugqugquzela ukuthula. Umsunguli we-Hull House, isikhungo sezenhlalakahle e-Chicago, i-Addams unikele impilo yakhe ekulweni nobumpofu, ukungalingani, nokucwasa, eshiya ifa elihlala njalo enhlanganweni yamalungelo abantu.
Iqhaza labasunguli be-Hull House emphakathini nasekunakekelweni komphakathi.
UJane Addams wayengumfilosofi waseMelika owaziwa ngomsebenzi wakhe wokuphayona emsebenzini wezenhlalakahle kanye nokuthuthukiswa komphakathi. Wasungula i-Hull House, isikhungo sezenhlalakahle saseChicago esasisekela abokufika kanye nemindeni ehola kancane. Ekanye nozakwabo u-Ellen Gates Starr, uJane Addams wenza izinhlelo zemfundo, ezempilo, nezindlu ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zomphakathi.
Umsebenzi ka-Addams no-Starr e-Hull House waba nesandla ekuthuthukiseni izimo zokuphila zezakhamuzi zendawo kanye nokuthuthukisa amathuba alinganayo. Babekholelwa ukuthi wonke umuntu ufanelwe ukuthola imfundo, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, kanye nezindlu ezihloniphekile, futhi balwela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi la malungelo ayahlonishwa. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo wokuzikhandla, i-Hull House ibe yisibonelo kwezinye izikhungo zezenhlalakahle ezweni lonke.
Ukwengeza, u-Jane Addams no-Ellen Gates Starr babengompetha bamalungelo abesifazane nabasebenzi, benikela izimpilo zabo ekulweleni ubulungiswa bezenhlalakahle nokulingana. Ifa labo liyaqhubeka nokugqugquzela izizukulwane zabasebenzi bezenhlalakahle kanye nezishoshovu ezifuna ukudala umhlaba onobulungisa futhi obandakanya wonke umuntu.
I-Settlement house: incazelo kanye nokuhambisana kwezinsizakalo zomphakathi emiphakathini yasemadolobheni.
UJane Addams wayeyisazi sefilosofi saseMelika esaziwa ngamagalelo akhe ezinsizeni zokuxhumana emiphakathini yasemadolobheni. Wayeyingqalabutho ekwakhiweni kwezindlu zokuhlala, okwakuyizikhungo zokusiza umphakathi ezihlala ezindaweni ezimpofu zasemadolobheni.
Izindlu zokuhlala zazihloselwe ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo nokusekelwa kubahlali bendawo, njengemfundo, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, nosizo lomphakathi. Baphinde basebenza njengezindawo zokuhlangana futhi bacobelelana ngolwazi phakathi kwamalungu omphakathi.
Ukuhambisana kwezindlu zokuhlala ezinsizeni zezenhlalakahle emiphakathini yasemadolobheni kulele endleleni yabo ephelele nedidiyelwe yokubhekana nezidingo zabantu abasengozini. Banikeza izinhlobonhlobo zezinsizakalo ezihloselwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo eziphuthumayo kuphela kodwa futhi nokuthuthukisa ukuzimela komuntu ngamunye kanye nokunika amandla.
UJane Addams wayengummeli oshisekayo wezindlu zokuhlala futhi wanikela impilo yakhe emsebenzini wezenhlalakahle. Indlela yakhe yokusiza abantu kanye nokugcizelela ubulungiswa bezenhlalakahle kwaba nomthelela ezizukulwaneni zabasebenzi bezenhlalakahle kanye nezishoshovu zomphakathi.
Jane Addams: Biography of lesi sefilosofi American
UJane Addams (1860-1935) wayengumguquli waseMelika, isazi sefilosofi, kanye nesishoshovu esasungula iHull-House, isikhungo sokuqala sezindlu zomphakathi e-United States, esizinikezele ekusebenzeleni abokufika kanye nezinqubomgomo ezahlukahlukene zemfundo nezenhlalo. Uphinde waba ngowesifazane wokuqala ukuwina iNobel Peace Prize ngo-1931 kanye nesazi sefilosofi sokuqala e-United States.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayengowesizukulwane sokuqala sabesifazane bezinga eliphezulu ababekwazi ukuthola imfundo ephakeme; isipiliyoni esamholela ekuxazululeni izinkinga abesifazane abahlangabezana nazo phakathi kwezidingo zomphakathi nezomndeni kanye nezifiso zabo zomsebenzi. Ngezansi, sizobona i-biography emfushane kaJane Addams .
UJane Addams: I-Biography ye-Social Reformer
UJane Addams wazalwa ngoSepthemba 6, 1860, kuSarah Weber kanye noJohn Huy Addams, usopolitiki waseMelika nosomabhizinisi. Wayenguthunjana ezinganeni ezinhlanu futhi wakhulela ekuqaleni kweMpi Yombango edolobheni elincane elisenyakatho ye-Illinois. Unina washona lapho uJane eneminyaka emibili nje kuphela ubudala, kuyilapho uyise esebenza ngaphansi kuka-Abraham Lincoln, njengelungu lesigele sezwe laseRiphabhulikhi engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-XNUMX.
Ngokusekelwe emathonyeni emvelo yakhe yezenhlalo nomndeni, uJane Addams yakhiwa phakathi kwamagugu nezimiso njengomthwalo wemfanelo womphakathi , amalungelo abantu kanye nokuhlotshaniswa kwempucuko phakathi kwezimiso zokuziphatha zobuKristu nezobuciko.
Futhi wayeyingxenye yesizukulwane sokuqala sabesifazane ukuthola imfundo ephakeme e-Rockford Female Seminary, kusukela ngo-1877 kuya ku-1881. Eqinisweni, wayengumfundi wokuqala ukuthola idiploma esemthethweni kuleyo nyuvesi.
Kwakuyingqikithi yezenhlalo eyavula izikole zabesifazane, okwasabela ngokwengxenye isidingo sokuzimela kanye nokuthuthukiswa kochwepheshe, nakuba, ekugcineni, akuzange kunikeze amathuba amaningi okwenziwa komphakathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uJane Addams wayehlala emndenini, lapho indodakazi encane kwakulindeleke ukuba inakekele ikhaya .
Njengabanye besifazane abahlala ezindaweni ezifanayo, uJane Addams wabhekana nokungakhululeki okuhlukahlukene kwengqondo kanye ne-somatic iminyaka, okwathi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kwamholela ekuthuthukiseni ifilosofi yakhe nobushoshovu. Usebenze ikakhulukazi eduze no-Ellen Gates Starr, naye owafunda e-Rockford futhi wabelane ngentshisekelo yakhe yokuqinisa umphakathi nokusekelwa komphakathi. Wayekuqonda nokungezwani abesifazane ababhekana nakho. Umphumela walo msebenzi waba ukwakhiwa kwendawo yokuqala yokuhlala yomphakathi nethuthukayo e-United States: i-Hull-House .
- Ungase ube nesithakazelo ku-: ” Ethel Puffer Howes: biography yalesi sazi sokusebenza kwengqondo kanye nesishoshovu “
Okubalulekile komndeni
Enkathini yezidingo eziqinile zasekhaya kwabesifazane, uJane Addams wayenengxabano phakathi kokuphishekela isifiso sakhe sokuguqula ukusekelwa komphakathi esidlangalaleni; kanye nokuvunyelwa komphakathi, okufunwa yibo kwaya kolunye uhlangothi.
Ngemva kokuyeka amaphrojekthi akhe ochwepheshe, futhi ngokusekelwe ezingxabanweni ezidalwe yilokhu, yena nabanye besifazane ngesikhathi esifanayo bathola “ikhambi lokuphumula” ebekwe uDkt. Weir Mitchell, eyayihlanganisa ukuchitha isikhathi uboshelwe embhedeni. Kamuva, u-Addams ngokwakhe wayezochaza ukuthi usesimweni sokukhubazeka phakathi kwalokho akubiza ngokuthi "isibopho somndeni," esigxile enkolweni yasekhaya, kanye nesifiso sempilo yokuzimela ezinikele ekushicileleni umphakathi (García Dauder, 2005).
Ukululama kukaJane Addams akuzange kube bushelelezi kangako, kodwa kamuva, lapho egcina ngokudilizwa ekhaya futhi esungula, kanye no-Ellen Gate Starr, iHull House, naye wazinikela ekubhaleni nasekuthuthukiseni. umugqa wefilosofi ohlobene nenqubekelaphambili yomphakathi, ukukhululwa kwabesifazane, ukuhlukahluka , izimiso zokunakekela kanye nezenzo zokuthula.
I-Hull House: "indlu ye-squat"?
I-Hull House yathola igama layo endaweni eqashisayo etholakala esifundeni sabasebenzi bokufika eChicago. Le ndlu yayimahhala futhi yakhiwa nguCharles Hull ngo-1856.
Bathuthela kuyo ngo-1889 futhi kancane kancane bakhula baba nezakhiwo eziningana ezazinikeza isikhungo sokunakekela izingane, indawo yokuzivocavoca, ikhishi lomphakathi, izindawo zokuhlangana zamantombazane asebenzayo namashabhu, imisebenzi nokuqeqeshwa, kanye nezindawo zokudlala ezahlukene. Konke lokhu kutholakala kubantu bomakhelwane, iningi labo okungabokufika. Futhi kwakuyindawo ebalulekile yokuhlangana yabasebenzi abahlukene kanye nabaguquli bezenhlalakahle bangaleso sikhathi, ababezohlala esikhungweni esisodwa futhi babambisane emisebenzini yabo.
Umthelela wezepolitiki nokuqashelwa komphakathi
Umsebenzi ka-Addams ibe nomthelela emithethweni ezimeni zokusebenza zabesifazane nezingane , ukuhlolwa kwefekthri, kanye nezimfuno zobulungisa kwabesifazane, Abantu Abansundu, kanye nabokufika. Ngo-1910, u-Addams wakhonza njengomongameli wesifazane wokuqala weNgqungquthela Kazwelonke Yezenhlalakahle; ngo-1915, wasebenza njengomongameli we-International Congress of Women e-Hague; kwathi ngo-1931, waba ngumnqobi wokuqala weNobel Peace Prize.
Namuhla, i-Hull-House isiphenduke imnyuziyamu enikezelwe ku-Jane Addams kanye nabesifazane abasebenza ndawonye kwezemfundo nokuthuthukiswa komphakathi.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwethiyori nefilosofi kaJane Addams
UJane Addams wasebenza ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwakhe kwethiyori kuhlala kuyiqiniso eqinisweni lakhe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, wayefuna ukuthi imiphumela yobushoshovu bakhe isekelwe embonweni. Ngakho-ke, imisebenzi kaJane Addams igcwele izibonelo ezivela kokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe eHull House, futhi ubhekana nezihloko ezingajwayelekile, kusukela ezindabeni zezinganekwane zabokufika nobufebe kuye ekuqoqweni kukadoti (Hamington, 2018).
Ukuthatha emsebenzini wakhe e-Hull House, kanye nolwazi lwakhe lomuntu siqu, umbono wethiyori ka-Addams. ithuthukisa ukuziphatha kokunakekela okungagcini nje ebudlelwaneni bomzali nengane , kodwa idlulela emcabangweni womphakathi kanye nokuthuthukiswa komphakathi. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe wezemfundo, u-Addams ushicilele izincwadi eziyishumi nambili nezindatshana ezingaphezu kuka-500, lapho aphinde waba nenkinga enkulu ngesiko laseNyakatho Melika lapho ayeqeqeshwe khona ekuqaleni.
Izinkomba ze-Bibliographic:
- I-Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2018). UJane Addams ongumguquleli wezenhlalakahle waseMelika. Ibuyiselwe ngomhla ka-4 Julayi 2018. Itholakala kokuthi https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jane-Addams.
- U-Hamington, M. (2018). Jane Addams. I-Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Ibuyiselwe ngomhla ka-3 Julayi 2018. Itholakala kokuthi https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/addams-jane/.
- U-García Dauder, S. (2005). I-Psychology kanye ne-feminism. Ukhohliwe umlando wamaphayona wesifazane ku-psychology. Indawo: Madrid.
- Bissell, V. (2000). Addams, Jane. I-American National Biography Ibuyiselwe ngomhla ka-3 Julayi 2018. Itholakala kokuthi http://www.anb.org/view/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.001.0001/anb-9780198606697-e-1500004.