"Ukuphumelela njalo" ibinzana eliyisakhiwo sodumo elihlotshaniswa nomguquli wase-Argentina-Cuban u-Ernesto "Che" Guevara. Esetshenziswa njengesiqubulo ngesikhathi ebambe iqhaza kuNguquko YaseCuba, leli binzana libe wuphawu lokuphikiswa nokulwela ubulungiswa emphakathini emhlabeni wonke. Kulo mongo, le nkulumo ihambisana nomqondo wokuphikelela, ukuzimisela, nokuzibophezela emzamweni woguquko, izizukulwane ezikhuthazayo zezishoshovu nabalweli emhlabeni jikelele.
Isiphi isicaphuno esidume kakhulu esivela kumguquli u-Che Guevara?
Ibinzana elidume kakhulu likaChe Guevara elithi "Hasta la victoria siempre," ngesiNgisi lisho ukuthi "Kuze kube yilapho kunqoba njalo." Lesi sisho sesiphenduke isiqubulo esiyiqiniso sezinhlangano ezilwela uguquko nezokumelana emhlabeni jikelele. Kubonisa ukuzimisela nokuzibophezela kuka-Che Guevara ekulweleni ubulungiswa bezenhlalakahle nokulingana.
U-Che Guevara wayaziwa ngokuma kwakhe okuqinile nokuzinikela kwakhe emzamweni woguquko. Wayekholelwa ukuthi ukulwa nengcindezelo nokuxhashazwa kwakuyimpi eqhubekayo enganqotshwa kuphela ngobumbano nokubekezela. I-"Hasta la victoria siempre" iveza lo mbono wokuthi ukunqoba akunakugwenywa uma kuba nesibindi nokuzimisela ukubhekana nezinselele.
Isisho sikaChe Guevara sesiphenduke uphawu lokumelana nethemba kulabo abalwa nokungabi nabulungiswa nokungalingani. Kugqugquzele izizukulwane zezishoshovu nabavukeli ukuthi baqhubeke nomzabalazo wabo, ngisho nasezikhathini ezinzima kakhulu. "Njalo ekunqobeni" kungaphezu nje kwebinzana; yisiqubulo esimele ukubekezela nokuzimisela ekuphishekeleni izwe elinobulungisa nelilinganayo.
Ukubhalwa kwebinzana elidumile elithi "Hasta la victoria siempre" kuthiwa libhalwe uChe Guevara.
Inkulumo edumile "Qhubeka uye empumelelweni” kubangelwa umguquli wase-Argentina Che GuevaraEyaziwa ngeqhaza lakhe kuNguquko yaseCuba, uChe Guevara waba wuphawu lokumelana nokulwela amalungelo abacindezelwe. Inkulumo, okusho ukuthi “Njalo kuze kube ukunqoba“, kukhombisa ukuzibophezela kukaGuevara emzabalazweni woguquko kanye nokuzimisela kwakhe ukufeza izinhloso zakhe.
Le nkulumo yaduma ngesikhathi somzabalazo wezikhali eCuba, lapho uChe Guevara adlala khona indima ebalulekile eceleni kwakhe Fidel Castro. Lesi sisho samukelwa njengesiqubulo sabavukeli abalwa nengcindezelo nokungabi nabulungisa, okugqugquzela izizukulwane zezishoshovu emhlabeni jikelele.
Naphezu kokufa kwakhe okungazelelwe ngo-1967, u-Che Guevara washiya ifa elihlala njalo, kokubili ngezenzo zakhe namazwi akhe. Inkulumo ethi "Qhubeka uye empumelelweni” kusalokhu kuyisikhumbuzo sokuzinikela okungantengantengi kwezobulungiswa nenkululeko, okukhuthaza labo abalwela umhlaba onobulungiswa futhi olinganayo.
Yayiyini injongo kaChe Guevara ngesikhathi seNguquko yaseCuba?
Umsebenzi kaChe Guevara ngesikhathi seCuban Revolution kwakuwukulwa noFidel Castro kanye ne-26th of July Movement yokuketula umbuso wobushiqela kaFulgencio Batista. U-Che, udokotela wase-Argentina owajoyina umkhankaso wokuvukela umbuso, waba omunye wabaholi abavelele benguquko, elawula amasosha futhi elwa ezimpini eziwujuqu ezaholela ekunqobeni kokugcina.
Ngokuzimisela kwakhe kanye nemibono yezenhlalakahle, u-Che Guevara waba uphawu lomzabalazo woguquko hhayi eCuba kuphela kodwa emhlabeni wonke. Isisho sakhe esidumile “Kuya ekunqobeni njalo” ukhombisa ukuzinikela kwakhe okungantengantengi emzamweni wokukhulula abacindezelwe kanye nokukholelwa kwakhe ekunqobeni okungenakugwenywa kwabantu ekufuneni kwabo ubulungisa nokulingana.
Ngemva kokunqoba kweCuban Revolution, u-Che waqhubeka nomzabalazo wakhe kwamanye amazwe aseLatin America, efuna ukusabalalisa imibono yoguquko nokusekela izinhlangano zenkululeko. Impilo yakhe kanye nefa lakhe likhuthaze izizukulwane zezishoshovu kanye nabavukeli emhlabeni jikelele, okumenza abe yinganekwane emlandweni womzabalazo wobulungiswa bezenhlalakahle nenkululeko.
Umeleni uChe Guevara futhi buyini ukubaluleka kwakhe emlandweni womhlaba?
U-Che Guevara uyisithombe esivelele emlandweni womhlaba, obonwa njengophawu lomzabalazo woguquko kanye nokumelana nokucindezelwa. Wayengumholi wabashokobezi base-Argentina-Cuban, udokotela, umbhali, kanye nezombusazwe owabamba iqhaza elikhulu kuNguquko yaseCuba eceleni kukaFidel Castro. Isithombe sakhe, nesithonjana i-beret kanye nenkanyezi ebomvu, yaba uphawu lokuvukela nokulwela ubulungiswa bezenhlalakahle emhlabeni wonke.
U-Che Guevara ukhunjulwa ngemibono yakhe yezenhlalakahle kanye nokuzinikela kwakhe emzabalazweni wabacindezelwe. Inkulumo yakhe edumile ethi, "Njalo ekunqobeni," ibonisa ukuzimisela kwakhe ukufeza imigomo yakhe futhi yaphefumulela abaningi emhlabeni wonke ukuba bahlanganyele ezenzweni ezilungile futhi bangapheli amandla lapho bebhekene nobunzima.
Ukubaluleka kwakhe emlandweni womhlaba kuhlobene neqhaza lakhe kuNguquko yaseCuba, umsebenzi wakhe njengomholi wabashokobezi kwamanye amazwe aseLatin America, kanye nokuvikela kwakhe okungaguquki emibonweni yezenhlalakahle. Ngisho nangemva kokushona kwakhe ngo-1967, u-Che Guevara wayelokhu engumuntu okhuthazayo wezinhlangano zesokunxele nezishoshovu emhlabeni wonke, ezimbona njengesibonelo sokuzinikela nesibindi ekulweleni izwe elinobulungisa nelilinganayo.
Ukunqoba njalo: umlando webinzana likaChe
" Njalo kuze kube ukunqoba "Igama eliguquguqukayo olibonile ezinkulungwaneni zezikibha, izikhafu, izincwajana, amabharethi nezinye izimpawu ezihlobene nombhali womcimbi: u-Ernesto Che Guevara, isithonjana sokuvukela kanye nokulwa ne-capitalism.
Leli gama livela encwadini yokuvalelisa uChe Guevara ayinika uFidel Castro ngesikhathi eshiya eCuba ngo-1965 eyosungula amabutho ezihlubuki eBolivia. UGuevara wabulawa ngo-1967 ngamasosha aseBolivia ngesikhathi egqugquzela uguquko kulelo zwe.
Indaba ethi "Kuze kube yilapho kunqoba njalo"
Ngo-1997, uFidel Castro emngcwabeni kaChe waphawula: "Uphawu lwakhe olungaguquki manje selusemlandweni, futhi ukubuka kwakhe okungokwesiprofetho okukhanyayo sekuphenduke uphawu kubo bonke abampofu balo mhlaba."
UCastro waphetha inkulumo yakhe ngamazwi afanayo nencwadi kaChe yokumvalelisa eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu ngaphambili, "kuze kube ukunqoba unomphela."
Ngokusakazwa kwalesi sisho, u-Che Guevara waba yimpahla noma isibonakaliso esahlukanisiwe nesiphawuli saso sokuqala. “Kuze kunqobe” kusho ukulwa nonxiwankulu, kanti ukusetshenziswa kwegama elithi “njalo” kukhomba ukuthi umzabalazo awukaqedi, kumele uqhubeke njalo.
Lesi sisho simelela umzabalazo oqhubekayo wokulwa ne-capitalism, ikakhulukazi ngokumelene ne-United States.
Nokho, ngemva kokuphela “kokulwa” eCuba, lesi siqubulo sawugcina uphila umoya wokulwa wenguquko, esiza ukuchaza isiko laseCuba njengelo elilwa nama-imperialists, inganekwane eqhutshekiselwa phambili ngenxa yokukhiqizwa kwezinto ezihlukahlukene zezimakethe ezinkulu ezinalesi sisho kanye nomfanekiso kaChe Guevara.
Abantu baseCuba nabanye abaningi emhlabeni bayawamukela lesi sisho ngoba sibhekiselwa ngqo kuChe Guevara, othathwa njengowuhlobo olumsulwa lwenguquko, ngoba kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe wabeka uguquko ngaphezu kwakho konke okunye.
Impilo eyisibonelo kaChe Guevara njengomguquli ifakazelwa yimizamo yakhe eqhubekayo yokusiza uquqaba olucindezelwe kulo lonke elaseLatin America futhi kamuva ne-Afrika. Washumayela umbono wendoda “entsha” ezoba isilwi ukuze ibuyisele abantu umhlaba nezinsiza zawo.
Ukufela ukholo kuka-Che kuvumela amazwi akhe ukuthi abe wuphawu lwesidingo esihlala sikhona soguquko. Abantu baseCuba kumele babambe iqhaza kulo mshikashika oqhubekayo kuze kube bayanqoba. Lokhu kuvumela uhulumeni waseCuba ukuthi agcine abantu bebambe iqhaza kulo mgomo ongachazwanga nokwabelwana ngawo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwesithombe sika-Che nesiqubulo sakhe esidumile akugcini nje ngeNguquko yaseCuba; liphinde libe ngumenzi wemali omkhulu. Kokubili uhulumeni waseCuba kanye namabhizinisi angaphandle kweCuba akhiqiza imikhiqizo yezimakethe eziningi esebenzisa lesi sisho, eqhubekisela phambili inganekwane yamasiko yeNguquko yaseCuba.
Kuyaxaka ukuthi isisho esidumile salo mholi wamavukelambuso sesiphenduke inkundla yokukhangisa emiphakathini yonxiwankulu emhlabeni jikelele.
Biography of Che Guevara
Wazalelwa eRosario, e-Argentina, ngo-1928, u-Ernesto "Che" Guevara de la Serna wafundela ubudokotela ngaphambi kokudabula eNingizimu Melika, eqaphela izimo ezazikhuthaza izinkolelo zakhe zobuMarxist.
Wasiza uFidel Castro eketula uhulumeni kaBatista ngasekupheleni kwawo-1950 futhi wagcina esephethe izikhundla ezibalulekile kwezombusazwe ngesikhathi sombuso kaCastro. UGuevara kamuva wabamba iqhaza ezenzweni zabashokobezi kwenye indawo. EBolivia, wabanjwa futhi wabulawa ngo-1967.
Udokotela
UGuevara wazalelwa emndenini osezingeni eliphakathi ngoJuni 14, 1928, eRosario, e-Argentina. Nakuba ayephethwe isifuba somoya, waziveza njengomsubathi. Wathola imibono yezombangazwe yophiko lwesokunxele yomndeni nabangane bakhe, waba nepolitiki kusukela ebusheni bakhe, lapho ejoyina iqembu eliphikisa uhulumeni kaJuan Perón.
Ngemva kokuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme nge-honours, uGuevara wafundela ubudokotela eNyuvesi yaseBuenos Aires, kodwa ngo-1951 wasiyeka isikole ukuze anqamule eNingizimu Melika nomngane wakhe.
Izimo zokuphila ezimbi azibona ohambweni lwakhe lwezinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye zaba nomthelela omkhulu kuGuevara. Wabuyela esikoleni sobudokotela ngonyaka olandelayo ngenhloso yokunikeza usizo kwabadinga usizo. Wathola iziqu zakhe ngo-1953.
I-Guerrilla
Nokho, njengoba isithakazelo sikaGuevara kuMarxism sakhula, wanquma ukuyiyeka imithi, ekholelwa ukuthi inguquko kuphela engaletha ubulungisa kubantu baseNingizimu Melika.
Ngo-1953, waya eGuatemala, lapho abona khona ukuketulwa kukahulumeni wesokunxele osekelwa yi-CIA, okwasiza nje ukujulisa izinkolelo zakhe.
Ngo-1955, uGuevara, owayeshadile futhi ehlala eMexico, wahlangana nomshisekeli waseCuba uFidel Castro nomfowabo uRaul, ababehlela ukuketula uhulumeni kaFulgencio Batista.
Ngenkathi ibutho lakhe elincane elihlomile lifika eCuba ngoDisemba 2, 1956, uGuevara wayenabo futhi wayengomunye wabambalwa abasinda ekuhlaselweni kokuqala. Eminyakeni eyalandela, wasebenza njengomeluleki omkhulu kaCastro futhi wahola ibutho lakhe elikhulayo labashokobezi ekuhlaseleni umbuso owawuwa uBatista.
uNgqongqoshe
NgoJanuwari 1959, uFidel Castro wathatha izintambo eCuba futhi wabeka uGuevara ukuthi aphathe ijele laseLa Cabaña, lapho kulinganiselwa ukuthi mhlawumbe amakhulu abantu abulawa ngenxa yomthetho kaGuevara.
Kamuva waqokwa njengomongameli webhange likazwelonke kanye noNgqongqoshe Wezimboni futhi wenza okuningi ukusiza ekuguquleni izwe libe yizwe lamaKhomanisi.
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha, uGuevara wabuye wasebenza njengenxusa laseCuba, ehamba emhlabeni wonke ukuze asungule ubudlelwano namanye amazwe (ikakhulukazi iSoviet Union).
U-Che wadlala indima ebalulekile ngesikhathi sokuhlasela kwe-Bay of Pigs kanye ne-Cuban Missile Crisis. Wabuye wabhala incwadi emayelana nezimpi zabashokobezi futhi, ngo-1964, wethula inkulumo kuNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene egxeka inqubomgomo yezangaphandle yase-US kanye nobandlululo eNingizimu Afrika.
Umfel’ ukholo
Ngo-1965, njengoba umnotho waseCuba usuyincithakalo, uGuevara washiya isikhundla sakhe ukuze athumele imibono yakhe yenguquko kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba. Waqale waya eCongo ukuyoqeqesha amasosha empini yabashokobezi ukuze asekele uguquko lapho, kodwa ngokushesha waphoqeleka ukuba ahambe ngemva kokwehluleka.
Ngemva kokubuyela eCuba isikhashana, uGuevara walibangisa eBolivia ngo-1966 nebutho elincane lamavukelambuso eyogqugquzela uguquko lapho. Wathathwa amasosha aseBolivia wabulawa eLa Higuera ngo-Okthoba 9, 1967.
Ifa
Selokhu ashona, uGuevara usephenduke inkakha kwezombusazwe. Igama lakhe livame ukufaniswa nokuhlubuka, ukuvukela umbuso, nesocialism. Nokho, abanye bayakhumbula ukuthi wayenonya futhi wayala ukuba kubulawe iziboshwa eziningi eCuba ngaphandle kwecala.
Izinkomba
- Delgado F. Inkulumo kaFidel Castro: i-ideographs in the service of revolutionaries (1999). Howard Journal of Communications.
- UGuevara E. Incwadi yokuvalelisa esuka ku-Che eya ku-Fidel Castro (1965). Ithathwe ku: marxist.org.
- Kagarlitsky B. The fight for Che's legacy (2003). Ithathwe ku: tni.org.
- U-Lowry M. I-Marxism ka-Che Guevara (1973). E-New York: Iphephandaba Lokubukeza Kwanyanga zonke.
- I-Pratkanis A, Aronson E. Iminyaka Ye-Propaganda: Ukusetshenziswa Kwansuku Zonke Nokuhlukunyezwa Kokukholisa (1991). ENew York: WH Freeman and Company.
- U-Petras J. Che Guevara kanye ne-Contemporary Revolutionary Movements (1998). Imibono evela eLatin America.
- Spencer A. Kuze Kube Ukunqoba Njalo: The Early Rhetorical Revolution in Cuba (2007). I-Oklahoma: I-Texas Speech Communication Journal.