UJuan Rodríguez Freyle wayengumlobi waseColombia wekhulu le-1566 owazalwa e-Santa Fé de Bogotá ngo-XNUMX. Umbhali we-"El Carnero," ebhekwa njengenye yama-akhawunti okuqala omlando nemibhalo yaseColombia, uFreyle unikeza izithombe ezinemininingwane zomphakathi wamakholoni kanye nezimpi zombango eziphawule isifunda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsebenzi wakhe ukhuluma ngezindaba ezinjengobukoloni baseSpain, ubugqila, namasiko omdabu. U-Juan Rodríguez Freyle waziwa njengomunye wababhali ababaluleke kakhulu ezincwadini zaseColombia, futhi umsebenzi wakhe othi "El Carnero" uthathwa njengencwadi yakudala yezincwadi zaseLatin America.
Umlando kaJuan Rodríguez Freyle: Ubani owayengumbhali waseColombia wekhulu le-16.
UJuan Rodríguez Freyle wayengumbhali obalulekile waseColombia wangekhulu le-1566, owaziwa ngezincwadi zakhe ezibonisa ukuphila namasiko angaleso sikhathi. Wazalelwa eBogotá ngo-XNUMX, uFreyle wayengowomndeni onethonya esifundeni.
UFreyle waziwa kakhulu ngomsebenzi wakhe El Carnero, i-akhawunti yomlando echaza ukunqotshwa nokuba yikoloni kwesifunda sase-Colombia. Le ncwadi ithathwa njengomthombo obalulekile wolwazi ngomlando wezwe ngesikhathi sobukoloni.
Ngaphandle kwalokho El CarneroUFreyle uphinde wabhala neminye imisebenzi eminingana, ekhuluma ngezindikimba ezifana nenkolo, isiko kanye nomphakathi wanamuhla. Ukubhala kwakhe kwaphawulwa ngokubhekisisa okujulile nokuvezwa okucacile kokuphila kwansuku zonke.
UJuan Rodríguez Freyle washona ngo-1642, eshiya ifa lezincwadi elisacwaningwa futhi lisaziswa nanamuhla. Igalelo lakhe ezincwadini zaseColombia alinakuphikwa, futhi igama lakhe likhunjulwa njengomunye wababhali abaphambili kuleli.
UJuan Rodríguez Freyle: Umbhali waseColombia wangekhulunyaka le-16, umanduleli wohlobo lwemibhalo yomlando.
UJuan Rodríguez Freyle wayengumbhali obalulekile waseColombia wangekhulunyaka le-1566, ethathwa njengosandulela wohlobo lwemibhalo yomlando. Wazalelwa eBogotá ngo-XNUMX, impilo kaFreyle yaphawulwa ngokuzinikela ekubhaleni nasekubhaleni.
UFreyle waziwa kakhulu ngomsebenzi wakhe El Carnero, umlando olandisa indaba yokunqotshwa nokuba yikoloni kwesifunda manje esiyiColombia. Kulo msebenzi, umbhali uhlanganisa izehlakalo zangempela nezinto eziqanjiwe, enze i-akhawunti ehehayo nenemininingwane.
Ngaphandle kwalokho El CarneroU-Juan Rodríguez Freyle uphinde wabhala eminye imisebenzi embalwa, ehlola izindikimba ezifana nomlando wezwe, isiko lendawo, namasiko ase-Colombia. Ukubhala kwakhe kubonakala ngokucebile kwemininingwane kanye nombono oyingqayizivele awuletha ezenzakalweni zomlando.
Naphezu kokuphila emakhulwini eminyaka edlule, ifa le UJuan Rodríguez Freyle isaphila kuze kube namuhla, ithonya izizukulwane zababhali nezazi zemibhalo yaseColombia. Iqhaza lakhe ekuthuthukisweni kohlobo lomlando alinakuphikwa, futhi umsebenzi wakhe usaqhubeka ufundwa futhi waziswa abantu abavela emikhakheni ehlukahlukene.
Juan Rodríguez Freyle: Biography kanye nemisebenzi
UJuan Rodríguez Freyle (1566-1642), owaziwa nangokuthi "Freyle", wayengumbhali ovela eMbusweni WaseNew Granada, owaziwa emhlabeni wezincwadi ngokubhala. El Carnero , incwadi ayisungula ebudaleni.
Umbhalo ubhekwa njengenye yezikhombo ezinhle kakhulu zezincwadi zezenzakalo zangaleso sikhathi. Ngokuqondile, le ncwadi isebenza njengesixhumanisi seminyaka yokuqala yobukoloni eyaholela ezweni manje elaziwa ngokuthi yiColombia.
Kuncane ukwaziswa kwezincwadi ngempilo yombhali; nokho, kuyaziwa ukuthi akazange ayithole imfundo ephelele ebuntwaneni bakhe.
Kukhona ngisho nemibono eminingana mayelana nezimbangela eziqondile nosuku lokufa kwakhe, okulinganiselwa ukuthi kwenzeka ngonyaka ka-1642. Nokho, kungenzeka ukuthi ukufa kwakhe kwenzeka phakathi nonyaka ka-1640.
Weza ukuzobamba iqhaza emisebenzini ehlukahlukene yezempi futhi wahlala eSpain iminyaka eyisithupha, lapho abhekana khona nenkinga yezomnotho eyamphoqa ukuba abuyele eMbusweni WaseNew Granada.
I-Biografia
I-Primeiros anos
UFreyle wazalwa ngo-Ephreli 25, 1566 eBogotá, inhloko-dolobha yoMbuso WaseNew Granada, njengoba laziwa iqembu lezifundazwe eziyi-16 eziseNingizimu Melika futhi elihambisana nendawo okwamanje eyakha izindawo zaseColombia, iPanama neVenezuela.
Wayeyindodana kaJuan Freyle, isosha lomnqobi waseSpain uPedro de Ursúa, noCatalina Rodríguez, okunerekhodi elincane labo. Okhokho bakhe babevela edolobheni lase-Alcalá de Henares, eSpain. Lo mbhali kuthiwa uzalelwe emndenini omi kahle.
Imfundo kanye namasosha
URodríguez Freyle wafunda esikoleni sobufundisi saseSan Luis; Nokho, akazange awuthole umyalo wompristi wakhe ngoba waxoshwa ngenxa yokubhekisela ku-Archbishop Zapata ngokuthi "Sabata."
Luncane ulwazi mayelana nemfundo okungenzeka ukuthi uyitholile; naphezu kwalokhu, kunenkolelo yokuthi umbhali akazange ayithole imfundo ephelele.
Kucatshangwa ukuthi wakwazi ukondla ukuhlakanipha kwakhe ngokubonga ngokufunda imibhalo kaGonzalo García Zorro, umnqobi waseSpain owabamba iqhaza ekunqotshweni kweSpain abantu baseMuisca; Ubuye waba yimeya yaseBogotá ngokuphindaphindiwe.
UFreyle weza ukuzobamba iqhaza ochungechungeni lohambo lokulwa namaNdiya amaTimanaes namaPijaos, eholwa nguJuan Buenaventura de Borja y Armendia: umSpain waseNdlu yaseBorja owakhonza eMbusweni waseNew Granada futhi waba ngumongameli.
Ulwazi lwakhe ngebutho laseSpain lwamvumela ukuba ahlangane nomphathi-dolobha wokuqala waseBogotá, uGonzalo Jiménez de Quesada.
Hlala eSpain
Ngemva kweminyaka ebambe iqhaza ohambweni lokulwa nabantu bomdabu, uFreyle waya eSpain, lapho ahlala khona cishe iminyaka eyisithupha futhi wasebenza njengonobhala ka-Alonso Pérez Salazar. USalazar wayenesibopho sokulalela izinhlangothi ezihambisanayo ecaleni lasenkantolo.
Ngesikhathi ehlala ezweni laseYurophu, wabona ukuhlasela kwesigebengu uSir Francis Drake emachwebeni amakhulu aseSpain. Lesi senzakalo saphumela ekubhujisweni kwemikhumbi eminingana ngo-1587, lapho uRodríguez Freyle eneminyaka engaba ngu-21 ubudala.
Ngemva kokushona kukaPérez Salazar, umlobi wabhekana nezinkinga ezinkulu zezomnotho ezamholela ngokushesha ukuba enze isinqumo esinqala futhi abuyele eNew World.
Buyela eMbusweni WaseNew Granada
Lapho ezithola esenkingeni yezimali futhi ehlala kude nezwe lakubo, wanquma ukubuyela eMbusweni WaseNew Granada, lapho azinza khona eCartagena de Indias. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, wahamba ngomfula iMagdalena waya eSanta Fe, lapho azinikela khona ekulimeni.
Ngokweminye imithombo yomlando, umlobi kukholakala ukuthi wabuyela eBogotá, lapho ashada khona noFrancisca Rodríguez. Kucatshangwa nokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi wayesebenza ehhovisi lentela.
U-Rodríguez Freyle waqala ukubhala ngesikhathi sakhe sokuphumula lapho wayesekhulile impela. Wayezijabulela izincwadi, umkhuba owamholela ekuthuthukiseni imibhalo eyayihlonishwa kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi.
Morte
Kunokwaziswa okuncane okuphathelene nokuphila komlobi, ngakho usuku oluqondile nezimbangela zokufa kwakhe akwaziwa; naphezu kwalokhu, kulinganiselwa ukuthi wayengafa eBogotá, cishe ngo-1642.
Eminye imithombo ibonisa ukuthi ukufa kukaJuan Rodríguez Freyle kwenzeka ngonyaka ka-1640.
Iyasebenza
inqama
Nakuba uRodríguez Freyle aqala ukubhala lapho esevele esengene esigabeni sokuguga kanye nokuntula kwakhe imfundo mayelana nezwe lezinhlamvu, wabhala umbhalo owamukelwa kabanzi umphakathi nabagxeki benkathi: Inqama.
Isihloko sokuqala somsebenzi sasiyi Ukunqotshwa nokutholakala koMbuso Omusha waseGranada waseWest Indies oLwandle Lwasolwandle, kanye neSisekelo sedolobha laseSanta Fe de Bogotá, owokuqala walo mbuso lapho kwasungulwa khona iRoyal Audience kanye neChancellery, waba inhloko Waba umbhishobhi wawo omkhulu. .
Igama lencwadi ngokushesha lathathelwa indawo abafundi ngesihloko eyaziwa ngaso namuhla, El Carnero.
Embhalweni, obhalwe njengomlando, umbhali ulandisa izindaba zabanqobi, ngaphezu kokugcizelela izindaba ezaziyimpikiswano yangaleso sikhathi, njengezimfihlo zomndeni, ubuthakathi, ukukhwabanisa, phakathi kokunye.
Inezahluko ezingu-21 nezithasiselo ezimbili futhi ibhekwa njengencwadi eyimpikiswano ngesikhathi eyabhalwa ngaso.
Okuqukethwe kwe-El Carnero
Ukunqotshwa nokutholwa koMbuso Omusha waseGranada waseWest Indies oLwandle Lwasolwandle, kanye neSisekelo sedolobha laseSanta Fe de Bogotá, owokuqala walo mbuso lapho kwasungulwa khona iRoyal Audience neChancellery, inhloko ingubhishobhi omkhulu lowo. ikhuluma ngezindaba ezimbalwa kokuqukethwe kwayo.
Esinye sezihloko uJuan Rodríguez Freyle akhuluma ngazo kulo msebenzi sasiwukunqotshwa kweSpain iMuisca, izakhamuzi zasezindaweni eziphakeme zase-Andean enkabeni yeColombia ngaphambi kokufika kwabanqobi baseSpain. Inqubo yokunqoba yaqala ngo-March 1537, ngaphambi kokuzalwa komlobi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, wabhala ngokusungulwa koMbuso Omusha waseGranada, ukuhlola enyakatho yeNingizimu Melika, kanye nokusungulwa kanye nenkambo yokuqala yedolobha laseBogotá, okwakungowokuqala embusweni ukuba neshansela kanye nezilaleli zasebukhosini ezimisiwe.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, u-Rodríguez Freyle wenza incazelo eningiliziwe yamasiko namasiko abantu bomdabu abafika bezohlala esifundeni ngesikhathi senqubo yokunqoba, kanye nezimpi zombango phakathi kwalaba bantu nabanqobi.
Ezinye izindaba ezidingidwa ngu-El Carnero
Olunye udaba olukhulunywe ngumbhali ku El Carnero kwaba umsuka wenganekwane ka-El Dorado, owaziwa nangokuthi "Inkosi Yegolide", igama eliqanjwe uMbuso WaseSpain ukuze libhekisele kunkosi yesizwe okuthiwa yinkosi yeqembu lomdabu laseMuisca eColombia.
Embhalweni, uFreyle ukhulume "Ngedolobha Elilahlekile Legolide" kanye nesiko lokuqalisa lombusi wengxenye eseningizimu ye-Muisca Confederation.
Le ncwadi kuthiwa ihlanganise nabanqobi bokuqala eColombia, okuhlanganisa noyise, owaba yisosha lomnqobi waseSpain uPedro de Ursúa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kucatshangwa ukuthi le ndaba yayisekelwe ebunganeni eyaba nabo nenkosi yaseLake Guatavita, eyayingomunye wababusi bokuqala beMuisca Confederation.
Uhlobo lwemibhalo ye-El Carnero
Yize umlando othuthukiswe umlobi ungowomlando ngokwendalo, u-Rodríguez Freyle ufake izinto ezithile eziqanjiwe ngokufakwa kwezindaba esakhiweni. Lesi sici sasibhekwa njengesibalulekile ezincwadini zaseLatin America ngaleso sikhathi.
Umsebenzi kaJuan Rodríguez Freyle ubhekwa abagxeki banamuhla njengenye yezinkomba zebhayibheli ezibaluleke kakhulu ezehlakalweni ezenzeka phakathi neminyaka yokuqala yaleli koloni, okwathi ngemva kweminyaka yaba izwe wonke umuntu alazi njengeColombia.
Nakuba usuku lokulungiswa kwe El Carnero kube kusukela maphakathi nekhulu le-1785, le ncwadi yaqala ukukhulunywa ngayo ezincwadini ngo-XNUMX.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, yanyatheliswa ngo-1859, cishe emakhulwini amabili eminyaka ngemva kokubhalwa kwayo. Umsebenzi womlando kaRodríguez Freyle waqinisekiswa eminyakeni eminingi ngemva kokushicilelwa.
Idatha enikezwe ku El Carnero hlinzeka ngolwazi olufanele mayelana nezehlakalo ezenzeka phakathi nenkathi ephakathi kwemisebenzi elungiswe ababhali bezenzakalo ezibalulekile baseSpain, njengoFray Pedro Simón noJuan de Castellanos.
Izinkomba
- Juan Rodríguez Freyle, Wikipedia in Ensglish, (nd). Ithathwe ku-wikipedia.org
- Juan Rodríguez Freyle, Banrepcultural Portal, (sd). Kubuyiswe ku-encyclopedia.banrepcultural.org
- Juan Rodríguez Freyle, Portal do Revolvy, (sd). Ithathwe ku-revolvy.com
- U-Juan Rodríguez Freyle, Ingosi Yezizwe Zomdabu, (s). Kubuyiswe ku-pueblooriginarios.com
- El Carnero, i-Wikipedia yesiNgisi, (nd). Kutholwe ku-wikipedia.org