UJuan Nepomuceno Almonte wayengusopolitiki ovelele waseMexico nendoda yezempi, owazalwa ngo-1803 edolobheni laseNocupétaro, eMichoacán. Indodana yompristi nowesifazane woMdabu, u-Almonte wakhuliswa kahle futhi wavelela kwezombusazwe zaseMexico phakathi nekhulu le-XNUMX. Ubengumhlanganyeli obalulekile kaMongameli waseMexico uSanta Anna futhi wabamba iqhaza elikhulu ekuvikeleni ubukhosi baseMexico phakathi neMpi yaseMexico naseMelika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Almonte wasebenza njengenxusa laseMexico e-United States naseFrance, lapho alwela khona ngokungapheli izithakazelo zezwe lakhe. Impilo yakhe kanye nefa lakhe kukhunjulwa njengezibonelo zokushisekela izwe nobuholi eMexico.
UJuan Nepomuceno Guerra: umholi onamandla we-Gulf cartel emngceleni waseMexico.
UJuan Nepomuceno Guerra wayengumholi onamandla weGulf Cartel emngceleni waseMexico. Eyaziwa ngobuqili bakhe nonya, uGuerra ubebusa ukuhweba ngezidakamizwa esifundeni iminyaka eminingi. Wayaziwa ngekhono lakhe lokubalekela umthetho nokugcina umbuso wakhe wobugebengu unjalo.
Ezalelwa emndenini othobekile, uGuerra waqala umsebenzi wakhe wobugebengu ngokudayisa izidakamizwa emigwaqweni yaseTamaulipas. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, wakha umbuso wobugebengu owawuhlanganisa iMexico nangale kwayo. UGuerra wayaziwa ngonya lwakhe kulabo abeqa indlela yakhe, futhi abaningi babemesaba.
Naphezu kwezenzo zakhe ezingekho emthethweni, uGuerra wabonwa njengomholi onothando ngabalandeli bakhe abaningi. Wayenekhono elingajwayelekile lokukhuthaza ukwethembeka emadodeni akhe futhi wayehlonishwa ngokuzimisela kwakhe ukufeza izinhloso zakhe.
Naphezu kokwaziwa kwakhe, uGuerra ukwazile ukugwema ukuboshwa iminyaka eminingi ngenxa yenethiwekhi yakhe yokuxhumana kanye nekhono lakhe lokufumbathisa iziphathimandla. Nokho, inhlanhla yakhe yaphela lapho ekugcineni ebanjwa ngo-2001 futhi wagwetshwa udilikajele.
Ngisho nangemva kokuboshwa kwakhe, ifa likaJuan Nepomuceno Guerra laqhubeka nokuba nomthelela endaweni engaphansi kwezigebengu esifundeni sasemngceleni waseMexico. Indaba yakhe iyisikhumbuzo esibuhlungu samandla nonya lohwebo lwezidakamizwa, nokuthi indoda eyodwa ingaba kanjani iqiniso. mnumzane lobugebengu.
UJuan Nepomuceno Almonte: Ubani owayengusopolitiki nowezempi ovelele waseMexico emlandweni?
UJuan Nepomuceno Almonte wayengusopolitiki ovelele waseMexico kanye nendoda yezempi eyadlala indima ebalulekile emlandweni waseMexico. Wazalwa ngo-1803, wayeyindodana kaJosé María Morelos, omunye wabaholi benkululeko yaseMexico.
U-Almonte wazigqama ngokusebenza kwakhe kwezombusazwe kanye nasezinkundleni zempi. Wabamba iqhaza ngenkuthalo eMpini Yokuzimela yaseMexico kanye neMpi Mexican-American, lapho abonisa khona isibindi nekhono lezempi.
U-Almonte uphinde waba nezikhundla ezibalulekile kuhulumeni waseMexico, okuhlanganisa nongqongqoshe wezempi kanye nongqongqoshe wezangaphandle. Ithonya lakhe kwezombangazwe lalibalulekile, futhi wayehlonishwa ngenxa yobuhlakani bakhe nobuholi bakhe.
Naphezu kokubaluleka kwakhe emlandweni waseMexico, uJuan Nepomuceno Almonte uvame ukunganakwa ezincwadini zomlando. Nokho-ke igalelo lakhe ekutholeni inkululeko nentuthuko yezwe alinakubukelwa phansi.
UJuan Nepomuceno, iNdodana kaMorelos: Indaba Yomzabalazo kanye Nokumelana Nenguquko eMexico.
UJuan Nepomuceno Almonte wayengumholi ovelele woguquko eMexico, indodana yeqhawe lenkululeko uJosé María Morelos. Wazalwa ngo-1803, u-Almonte walandela ezinyathelweni zikayise ekulweleni inkululeko kanye nobulungiswa ezweni.
Kusukela esemncane, u-Almonte wabonisa ukuzimisela kwakhe ukubhekana nokungabi nabulungisa kanye nokucindezelwa kukahulumeni wamakholoni. Wajoyina impi yenkululeko yaseMexico futhi washeshe wazihlukanisa njengosomaqhinga onekhono futhi onesibindi.
Ngokusekelwa kwe abalandeli e izivumelwanoU-Almonte wahola izimpi eziningana ngokumelene namabutho aseSpain, njalo evikela amalungelo abantu baseMexico. Ubuholi bakhe bugqugquzele abaningi ukuthi bajoyine uguquko.
Nokho, umzabalazo ka-Almonte wawungelula. Wabhekana nokukhashelwa, ukucasha, nokushushiswa, kodwa akazange ayeke umsebenzi wakhe wokukhulula iMexico ekubusweni kwamakholoni. Ukuzimisela kanye nesibindi sakhe kwamenza waba ngumfanekiso wokumelana nezwe.
Ngeshwa, u-Almonte akazange aphile ukuze abone ukuzimela kweMexico. Wathunjwa futhi wabulawa amabutho aseSpain ngo-1869, kodwa ifa lakhe lomzabalazo nokumelana nalo lisekhona enkumbulweni yabantu baseMexico kuze kube namuhla.
Indaba kaJuan Nepomuceno Almonte iyisikhumbuzo samandla ka ukumelana futhi kusuka ukulwa ebusweni bokucindezelwa. Isibindi nokuzimisela kwabo kuyaqhubeka kukhuthaza labo abafuna izwe elinobulungisa nelinokulingana okwengeziwe.
UJuan Nepomuceno: Indaba Yeqhawe LaseMexico Elenza Umehluko.
Juan Nepomuceno Almonte U-Almonte wayeyiqhawe laseMexico eladlala indima ebalulekile emlandweni waseMexico. Wazalwa ngo-1803, u-Almonte wayengusopolitiki nesosha elalwela inkululeko yezwe lakhe. Wayeyindodana kaJosé María Morelos, omunye wabantu ababaluleke kakhulu emzabalazweni wenkululeko yaseMexico.
U-Almonte wabamba iqhaza elibalulekile eMpini yaseMexico naseMelika, lapho alwa khona ngesibindi namasosha aseMelika ayehlasela. Isibindi nokuzimisela kwakhe kwakhuthaza abantu baseMexico abaningi ukuba babumbane ukuze bavikele izwe labo.
Ngaphezu kwamakhono akhe ezempi, u-Almonte wayebuye abe usopolitiki onekhono. Ubambe izikhundla ezimbalwa ezibalulekile kuhulumeni waseMexico futhi engummeli wamalungelo abantu bomdabu.
Naphezu kokufa kwakhe okungazelelwe ngo-1869, uJuan Nepomuceno Almonte washiya ifa elihlala njalo eMexico. Ukuzinikela kwakhe emzamweni wokuzimela kanye nokulwela kwakhe amalungelo abantu baseMexico ngokungakhathali kumenza iqhawe lesizwe langempela.
Juan Nepomuceno Almonte: Biography
Juan Nepomuceno Almonte (1803-1869) wayengusopolitiki waseMexico, ibutho lezempi kanye nosopolitiki owabamba iqhaza kweminye yemicimbi ebaluleke kakhulu yomlando engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu le-1802. Wazalelwa eNocupétaro ngo-XNUMX futhi wayeyindodana yemvelo kaJosé María Morelos.
U-Almonte wabuya ngokushesha ngemva kokumenyezelwa koHlelo lwase-Iguala, nakuba aphinde walishiya izwe lapho u-Agustín Iturbide ezimemezela njengoMbusi waseMexico. Wabe eselinda kwaze kwafika iRiphabhulikhi ukuze azinze unomphela kuleli.
Ubambe izikhundla eziningana zobunxusa, ikakhulukazi izingxoxo zakhe ne-England kanye ne-United States. Ubuye wabamba iqhaza ekuhlaseleni kukaSanta Anna kumavukelambuso aseTexas.
WayenguNobhala Wezempi ka-Anastasio Bustamante futhi kamuva waba nguNobhala WoMgcinimafa. U-Almonte ushiye isikhundla sakamuva ngemuva kokwenqaba ukusayina i-Dead Hands Act futhi kamuva wajoyina i-Conservative Party. Njengommeleli weSpain neNgilandi, wayesayine iSivumelwano sase-Almonte-Mon, futhi wasolwa ngokuvukela umbuso nguJuarez.
U-Almonte wabamba iqhaza ngenkuthalo ekufuneni inkosi yaseMexico. Okhethiwe kwakunguMaximilian, owafika ezothatha isihlalo sobukhosi soMbuso Wesibili WaseMexico. U-Almonte wahamba naye kukho konke ukuphila kombuso.
I-Biografia
UJuan Nepomuceno Almonte wazalwa ngo-May 15, 1802. Nakuba ezinye izazi-mlando zithi indawo yakhe yokuzalwa kwakuyiParácuaro, iningi liyibeka eNocupétaro, esifundazweni sanamuhla saseMichoacán. Uyise omzalayo kwakunguJosé María Morelos, lowo, njengoba engumpristi, engakwazi ukumnika isibongo sakhe, nakuba asigcina eduze kwakhe.
UJuan Nepomuceno wabamba iqhaza emikhankasweni eminingi noyise esemncane. Wayeyingxenye yenkampani yamasosha ayizingane ebizwa ngokuthi "Ama-Emulators," eyayizihlukanisa ezimpini ezinjengokuvinjezelwa kweCuautla.
Le nsizwa yalimala ekuhlaselweni kweValladolid ngo-1813. Ngenxa yokufaneleka kwayo, iCongress of Chilpancingo yammisa njengoBrigadier General ngawo lowo nyaka.
Ngo-1814, uJuan Nepomuceno wathunyelwa e-United States, ikakhulukazi eNew Orleans. Lapho, wafunda ngokubulawa kukayise ngoDisemba 22, 1815.
Buyela eMexico
E-United States, le nsizwa yathola ukuqeqeshwa, yafunda ulimi futhi yasebenza njengomkhaya. Ukuhlala kwakhe kumakhelwane osenyakatho kwaze kwaba ngu-1821, lapho ebuyela eMexico ngemva kokumenyezelwa kwe-Plan Iguala. Nokho, lapho u-Iturbide ethweswa umqhele njengoMbusi, u-Almonte wanquma ukubuyela e-United States.
Kulesi senzakalo, wachitha isikhathi esincane lapho. Ngo-1824, neRiphabhulikhi, wabuyela eMexico, lapho aphinde wathola khona isikhundla sika-brigadier general.
Umsebenzi we-diplomatic
U-Almonte waqala umsebenzi wakhe wobunxusa ngokwenza izingxoxo ezazizophetha ngesivumelwano sokuqala samazwe ngamazwe emlandweni wezwe. Ubeyingxenye yethimba leTrespalacios eliya eLondon neNxusa uMichelena. Lapho, basayina ngempumelelo isivumelwano sokuhweba nobungane namaNgisi.
Impi eTexas
Ngo-1834, u-Almonte waqokwa njengokhomishana ezingxoxweni ne-United States ezazizophawula imingcele phakathi kwalezi zizwe ezimbili.
KwakuseTexas lapho aphinde wathola khona ithalenta lakhe lezempi. Ujoyine umkhankaso owawuholwa ngu-Antonio López de Santa Anna ukuze alwe nabahlukanisi base-Texan. Phakathi nalokhu kungqubuzana, wabamba iqhaza ekuthunjweni kwe-El Alamo nasesenzweni sikaSan Jacinto, lapho athunjwa khona.
Kuze kube ngu-1837, akakwazanga ukubuyela eMexico, njengoba kwenzeka ngoSanta Anna. Ngaleso sikhathi, u-Almonte wathola ukuvelela okukhulu kwezepolitiki futhi waqokwa njengoNobhala Wezempi Nezempi nguMongameli uBustamante. Phakathi kwezinqubomgomo zakhe, wagqamisa ukudalwa kwebutho elincane lamasosha.
Kamuva wasebenza njengongqongqoshe kuhulumeni wase-U.S. kusukela ngo-1841 kuya ku-1845. Umsebenzi wakhe omkhulu phakathi nalesi sikhathi kwakuwukuzama ukuvimbela noma yikuphi ukungenelela kwezempi kwe-United States, kanye nokuvimbela iTexas ekujoyineni i-American Union.
Ngo-1846, wabuyela esikhundleni sakhe njengoNobhala Wezempi ngesikhathi sokulwa nabaseMelika. Wakha iNational Guard futhi wahlela usizo echwebeni laseVeracruz ngoSepthemba walowo nyaka ngaphambi kokufika kwamasosha aseMelika.
Ngena ku-Conservative Party
Ekupheleni kuka-1846, u-Almonte waqokwa njengoNgqongqoshe Wezezimali. Wahlala izinsuku ezingu-11 kuphela ehhovisi, njengoba wesula ukuze agweme ukusayina i-Dead Hands Law, eyathatha impahla yeBandla.
Ochwepheshe bathi lokhu, kanye neZivumelwano ZaseGuadalupe Hidalgo, ezasayinwa uhulumeni wenkululeko kanye ne-United States futhi ezanikela ingxenye yensimu yaseMexico komakhelwane bayo, kwamenza washintsha isimo sakhe sezombangazwe.
Ngale ndlela, wayeka ukuba nenkululeko futhi waba yilungu le-Conservative Party. Naphezu kwalokhu, uMongameli uComonfort wammisa njengommeleli weMexico eGreat Britain, e-Austria naseSpain ngo-1856.
Ngaphezu kwemisebenzi yakhe yezombangazwe, u-Almonte wayeyingxenye ye-Mexican Society of Geography kanye neCatechism of Universal Geography, ukuze isetshenziswe ezikhungweni zemfundo zomphakathi, kanye Nomhlahlandlela Wabezizwe Nezincwadi Zolwazi Oluwusizo.
Isivumelwano saseMon-Almonte
Lapho kugqashuka iMpi Yezinguquko, u-Almonte wahlala esohlangothini oluqinile. UFelix de Zuloaga, umongameli walowo mkhakha, wamenza ummeleli wakhe futhi, kanjalo, wasayina iSivumelwano saseMon-Almonte eParis.
Lesi sivumelwano, esasayinwa ngo-September 26, 1859, sabuyisela ubuhlobo neSpain, eyayinqanyulwe ukubulawa kwabaseSpain abaningana eMexico. Ngokushintshana, uhulumeni waseMexico uthembise ukukhokhela izisulu isinxephezelo, phakathi kwezinye izindlela. Empeleni, kwakuyindlela yokuthola ukwesekwa kwabantu baseSpain phakathi nempi.
Izikhulu zenkululeko, zicabangela lokho ezazikubheka njengokuzithoba okungenakubekezelelwa kubantu bakwamanye amazwe, zamemezela i-Almonte njengembuka lezwe.
UMaximilian
Ukunqoba kwama-liberal empini yombango kwaphoqa u-Almonte ukuba alishiye izwe alibhekise eYurophu. Kodwa-ke, akazange alahle imisebenzi yakhe yezombangazwe futhi wajoyina uGutierrez Estrada nabanye abalondolozi emcabangweni wokusungula ubukhosi eMexico.
Kuze kube manje, babexoxisana ukuze bathole ikhandidethi engcono kakhulu, futhi u-Almonte ngokwakhe wenza itulo lokusiza ukungenelela kwamaFulentshi eMexico. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayengomunye walabo abaphakamisa uMaximilian waseHabsburg njengenkosi yesikhathi esizayo yaseMexico.
U-Almonte wabuyela eMexico esebenzisa ithuba lokuhlasela kweFrance. Eqinisweni, wamenyezelwa njengomongameli wesikhashana ngo-1862, nakuba engazange athole ukwesekwa.
Eceleni kwamaFulentshi, wabamba iqhaza emisebenzini eminingana yezempi, njengeMpi kaMeyi 5. Lapho abaseYurophu bethumba inhloko-dolobha, waba nesikhundla eMkhandlwini weRegency. Yilo Mkhandlu owamemezela uMbuso futhi wabeka uMaximilian esihlalweni sobukhosi.
ULieutenant woMbusi nokufa
Naphezu kokungabaza kokuqala, uMaximilian wasamukela isicelo, futhi uMbuso Wesibili wasungulwa eMexico. U-Almonte waba ngomunye wabaphathi benkosi futhi, kamuva, waba i-marshal yoMbuso.
Ngakho, waya eFrance ngo-1866 ukuze azame ukukholisa uNapoleon III ukuthi angahoxi amasosha eMexico. Ukwehluleka kwalo msebenzi, okuhambisana nempi ezweni lakubo eyaphela ngokuketulwa kombusi, kwaholela u-Almonte ukuba anqume ukuhlala eParis.
Lapho waphila eminye iminyaka emithathu, efa ngo-March 21, 1869.
Izinkomba
- Carmona Dávila, Doralicia. Juan Nepomuceno Almonte. Kubuyiswe ku-memoriapoliticademexico.org
- Mexico 2010. Juan Nepomuceno Almonte. Kubuyiswe ku-filehistoric2010.sedena.gob.mx
- Mcnbiography. Almonte, Juan Nepomuceno (1803-1869). Kubuyiswe ku-mcnbiografias.com
- McKeehan, Wallace L. Juan Nepomuceno Almonte 1803–1869. Ithathwe ku-sonofdewittcolony.org
- McKenzie, David Patrick. Juan Nepomuceno Almonte. Kubuyiswe ku-davidmckenzie.info
- Inyuvesi yaseTexas e-Arlington. Juan Nepomuceno Almonte. Kubuyiswe ku-library.uta.edu