- Ukwehlukaniswa komqondo phakathi komcabango njengethuluzi lokubona ngeso lengqondo kanye nephupho njengendawo yokuphupha.
- Ukuvela kwemicabango kusukela eGrisi Yasendulo noPlato no-Aristotle kuya ezincwadini zikaCervantes.
- Umthelela womehluko phakathi kweqiniso kanye nomcabango ekukhuleni kwengqondo kwezingane ngokwendlela kaMontessori.
- Ukuthembela phakathi kwemicabango, ukusungula izinto ezintsha, kanye nobuciko endaweni yobungcweti kanye nokuklama.
Noma nini lapho sikhuluma ngekhono lethu lokudala imihlaba noma ukubona izinto ezingekho phambi kwethu, sigcina sixuba imiqondo emibili ebonakala ifana, kodwa ephethe izinto ezijulile kakhulu: umcabango kanye nenganekwane. Kubantu abaningi, lokhu kumane kuyimininingwane yolimi, kodwa uma sihlola umlando wefilosofi, izincwadi, ngisho nokufundisa, siyaqaphela ukuthi... Lo mehluko ubumba indlela esiqonda ngayo iqiniso ngokwalo. kanye nempilo yethu yengqondo.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwenziwa ngomculi, ingqondo yengane, noma ukukhohliswa komlingiswa wezincwadi, la makhono engqondo asebenza ngezindlela ezihlukile. Ngenkathi enye isebenza njengebhuloho eliya ekusunguleni nasekuxazululeni izinkinga, enye ingaba yisiphephelo lapho ukucabanga kungenandawo, kusebenza ngezinye izikhathi njenge... umthombo ongenangqondo wokuphefumulela, ngezinye izikhathi isithiyo ekugxiliseni ingqondo. emhlabeni obonakalayo.
Izimpande Zasendulo: Kusukela KuPlato Kuya Ku-Aristotle
Ukuze siqonde ukuthi konke kwaqala kuphi, sidinga ukubuyela eGrisi Yasendulo. Igama lesiGreki elithi inganekwane Kwakuyisisekelo sayo yonke into, kamuva yahunyushwa ngesiLatini ngokuthi umcabangoUPlato wayebheka leli khono njengento ehlobene "nokubukeka" (phainesthai), okungukuthi, nombuso wemibono (doxa) hhayi ngempela iqiniso eliphelele lokuba khona. Kuye, inganekwane yayifana ne- umdwebo womphefumulo, ekwazi ukukhiqiza izithombe ezingaba yiqiniso noma ezingamanga, esebenza njengokulingisa kwezinga lesithathu okuziqhelelanisa neqiniso elinengqondo.
Nokho, u-Aristotle wanikeza umbono ohlukile, ebeka inganekwane njengesixhumanisi esiphakathi kwemizwa eluhlaza kanye nomcabango oxoxayo. Waphikisana ngokuthi akukho ukwahlulela ngaphandle kwenganekwane, noma inganekwane ngaphandle kwemizwa. Kusosayensi wefilosofi, Umcabango yikhono lokugcina imifanekiso yezinto. ezingekho, ezisebenza cishe njengenkumbulo ebonakalayo. Wagcizelela ukubaluleka kokukhanya (phaos), ephakamisa ukuthi, njengoba nje umbono udinga ukukhanya, ingqondo idinga izithombe ukuze isebenze, ngisho nasezimweni zamaphupho noma ezishisayo, lapho ingqondo ifiphele khona.
Umbono kaCervantes kanye nokwakhiwa kwezincwadi
Uma sigxumela eNkathini Yokuvuselelwa Kwemvelo, sithola kuMiguel de Cervantes ukusetshenziswa okungokoqobo kwale mibono. Emsebenzini wakhe, inganekwane nomcabango kuvame ukubhekwa njengamagama afanayo, kodwa ngokushelela okubalulekile kwencazelo: inganekwane iqala ukuhlotshaniswa ama-chimera, ukukhohlisa kanye nobuhlanyaEndabeni kaDon Quixote, "iphupho eligcwele izincwadi" yilona elimholela ekudidaniseni imishini yomoya neziqhwaga, okuguqula ukufunda kube... iqiniso elifanayo phakathi kweqiniso nokukhohlisa.
UCervantes uhlola umqondo wesithombe njengento "ebhalwe phansi" engqondweni. Isibonelo esicacile yisithombe sikaDulcinea, ongekho emhlabeni wangempela, kodwa ukwakhiwa okuhle kakhulu okuklanywe ngokuqonda weqhawe. Lapha, izincwadi zibonisa ukuthi ukucabanga kungasetshenziswa ukunikeza ubufakazi bokuthi amanga ayiqiniso, okwenza umfundi amukele okungenakwenzeka njengeqiniso, ngaleyo ndlela adale isixhumanisi esingenakuhlukaniswa phakathi kwemisebenzi yokusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nokudalwa kwemihlaba engenzeka.
Umbono Wokufundisa: Indlela KaMontessori
Emkhakheni wezemfundo, ikakhulukazi ngokombono kaMaria Montessori, umehluko phakathi kwala magama ubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwengane. Kulesi sikole sokucabanga, Inganekwane ibhekwa njengokuphazamiseka kobuntu okungenzeka. Uma kuvimbela ingane ekugxileni ezintweni zangempela. Lapho ingqondo izulazula kakhulu ezindaweni ezingekho, iyaphambuka emsebenzini wayo ojwayelekile wokuhlola nokuqonda indawo eqondile.
- Inganekwane: Kuwukuphupha emini kuphela, lapho kungekho khona ukulawula amaphutha noma ukuhlanganiswa kwemicabango, okungaholela ekwesabeni noma ekuziphatheni okungasebenzi kahle uma ingane ingazi ukuthi ingahlukanisa kanjani phakathi kweqiniso nomcabango.
- Umcabango: Kuyinqubo yokudala engcono kakhulu. Ayigwemi iqiniso, kodwa iyisebenzisa njengesiqalo. ukuphatha ulwazi bese udala izethulo ezintshaKuyisisekelo sokuhlakanipha okunempilo kanye nobuciko.
Ngakho-ke, inhloso yokufundisa iwukuba umntwana aqine eqinisweni lemizwa kuqala. Kungemva kokwakha ubuntu bangaphakathi ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwangempela lapho ingane ingasebenzisa khona... Umcabango kanye nephupho lokufuna izixazululo. eyakhayo neyintsha, eguqula ilukuluku elizulazulayo libe umzamo oqondile wokufunda.
Ubuciko, Ukusungula Izinto Ezintsha, kanye Nomhlaba Wobungcweti
Ukuletha ingxoxo esimweni samanje sobungcweti, umehluko uba ithuluzi lokukhiqiza. Ukucabanga kusebenza njengendlela yokubona ngeso lengqondo, "iphrojektha" eyenza kubonakale ukuthi yini inganekwane noma into entsha ecabangayo. Nakuba inganekwane imahhala futhi ingamukela imibono engenangqondo noma engenakwenzeka, Lo mbono ufuna ukusebenza okungokoqobo.Ukuhlanganisa imiqondo eyaziwayo ukuxazulula inkinga ethile, ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngobuhle.
Umklamo, nawo, uvela njengokuhlanganiswa okuphelele: usebenzisa inkululeko yokucabanga kanye nokunemba kokusungula izinto ezintsha ukudala amaphrojekthi acabangela izici zengqondo, zenhlalo, kanye nezomnotho. Uchwepheshe wokudala yilowo ongakwazi... ukuhamba phakathi kokuphupha ngokukhululeka kanye nokusebenza kobuchwepheshe., ukuvimbela ingqondo ukuthi ingalahleki ezintweni ezingabonakali ezingenamsebenzi nokugxila ekuletheni inani langempela emphakathini.
Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwala makhono engqondo kuchaza umbono wethu ngomhlaba. Kusukela esisekelweni sefilosofi esihlukanisa ukubukeka nobuntu, ngokusebenzisa ukuqina kokufundisa okubeka phambili izinto ezibonakalayo, kuya ekusetshenzisweni kobuchwepheshe ekwakhiweni, siyaqaphela ukuthi... ikhono lokubona ngeso lengqondo lokho okungekho Yilokho okusivumela ukuba sithuthuke. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngenkumbulo ka-Aristotle, indaba eqanjiwe kaCervantes, noma ubuhlakani obusetshenzisiwe, ibhalansi phakathi kwamaphupho namaqiniso yikona okuqhuba ukuhlakanipha komuntu.
