- I-Carnival yaqala ebusika basendulo kanye nemikhosi yokuzala, kamuva yaguqulwa yaba ubuKristu njengokulungiselela iLent.
- Igama elithi "Carnival" lihlanganisa izincazelo zokushiya inyama kanye nemikhosi yasendulo efana ne-Roman carrus navalis.
- Ngokufika kwamakoloni, umkhosi wasakazeka emhlabeni wonke futhi wahlangana namasiko ase-Afrika nawomdabu, kwakha imigubho yesifunda eyingqayizivele.
- Namuhla, i-Carnival ihlanganisa izici zezomnotho nezokuvakasha nendima yayo engokomfanekiso yokuguqulwa komphakathi kanye nokuvuselelwa kweqembu.
O Carnaval Namuhla, kufana namaphathi, izingubo zokugqoka, kanye nempilo eminingi yasemgwaqweni, kodwa ngemuva kwalokhu kuqhuma kwemibala kukhona umlando weminyaka eyinkulungwane ohlanganisa izinkolo, imibuso, ukushushiswa, kanye nokuvuselelwa kwamasiko. umsuka weCarnival Kumayelana nokuzicwilisa emasikweni asendulo ezolimo, imikhosi yamaGreki namaRoma egcwele ukweqisa, ukuvinjelwa kweSonto, bese kuba yingxube emangalisayo ne... Amasiko ase-Afrika nawomdabu eMelika.
Emakhulwini eminyaka, iCarnival ishintshe ngesimo sayo, kodwa igcine umqondo oyinhloko: izinsuku ezimbalwa, imithetho yokuphila kwansuku zonke ikhululekile.Izindima zomphakathi ziyaguqulwa, ukudla neziphuzo kugeleza ngokukhululeka, futhi ukugcona kwegunya kuyadedelwa. Kusukela eBhabhiloni kuya eRio de Janeiro, kusukela eVenice kuya eBarranquilla, kuwumkhuba omkhulu wokudlula phakathi kwesiphetho nesiqalo, phakathi kobusika nentwasahlobo, phakathi kwenyama nokuzila ukudla.
Iyini iCarnival futhi ihlobene kanjani neLent?
Ngokwesiko lobuKrestu baseNtshonalanga, I-Carnival yisikhathi samaholide esandulela iLent.Isikhathi sokuzisola sezinsuku ezingu-40 esandulela iPhasika. Ezifundeni zamaKatolika, lo mkhosi uphela ngoLwesibili lweShrove (olubizwa nangokuthi "uLwesibili Olukhulu" noma iMardi Gras), izinsuku ezingu-47 ngaphambi kweSonto lePhasika.
Ngokomlando, iLent yayiphawulwa yi ukuzila ukudla okuqinileInyama, amafutha, imikhiqizo yobisi, amaqanda, namaswidi kwagwenywa—ukudla okwakuyindlala ekupheleni kobusika baseYurophu. I-Carnival yavela njengethuba lokugcina lokudla le mikhiqizo, yakha amadili, isiphuzo, kanye nemvume yomphakathi eminingi ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokuvinjelwa.
Ngakho-ke, iminyaka eminingi isizini ye-carnival Kwakungagcini nje ngezinsuku ezintathu.Ezindaweni eziningana zamaKatolika, isimo semikhosi singase siqhubeke cishe kusukela kuKhisimusi kuze kube uLwesithathu Lomlotha, kanye nokuphakama ngoJanuwari nangoFebhuwari, sisebenzisa amakhefu ekhalendeni lenkonzo yokukhulekela ukuze kukhululwe ukungezwani nokukhungatheka kokuphila kwansuku zonke.
Emasikweni amaLuthela aseNyakatho Yurophu, kukhona into efanayo ebizwa ngokuthi fastelavn (eDenmark, eNorway nase-Estonia), kanti phakathi kwamaKristu obu-Orthodox aseSlavic kukhona Maslenitsa, “iSonto Lebhotela,” ngaphambi nje kweLente Elikhulu. Ezifundeni zase-Anglican naseWeseli, njengeNgilandi kanye neningizimu ye-United States, ngokuvamile kugxilwe kakhulu ngoLwesibili olunamafutha nama-pancake, imidlalo kanye nemikhosi emincane.
Livelaphi igama elithi "Carnival"?
Imvelaphi yalesi sihloko "Umkhosi" Lesi yisihloko sempikiswano phakathi kosolwazi bezilimi nezazi-mlando. Kunezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko zokuchaza, zonke zihlobene, ngandlela thile, nenyama noma izindwendwe zasendulo.
Inguqulo eyaziwa kakhulu ithola leli gama lisuselwa olimini lwesiLatini oludumile. u-carnem levare ou ukuthatha inyama, into efana "nokususa inyama." Le nkulumo ingabonisa umkhuba wobuKristu ukuyeka ukudla inyama Ngesikhathi seLent. Ezilimini eziningi zaseYurophu, amagama eCarnival agcine lokhu kuhlanganiswa nenyama kanye nokulahlwa.
Enye incazelo ethandwa kakhulu iqonda leli gama ngokombono we- inyama ifanele"Sala kahle enyameni." Ngisho noma le ndlela ingabhekwa njengelungile ngokuphelele yizazi zefilosofi, iyibonisa kahle incazelo engokomfanekiso yaleso sikhathi: ukuvalelisa ezinjabulweni ezihambisana nokudla nomzimba ngaphambi kwesiyalo seLenten.
Umbono wesithathu, osekelwa kakhulu yizazi zanamuhla, uxhumanisa i-Carnival ne- i-carrus navalis noma i-Navigium Isidis, yasendulo Udwendwe lwamaRoma lokuhlonipha unkulunkulukazi u-IsisKuyo, isikebhe esihlotshiswe kahle sathwalwa ngodwendwe sayiswa emanzini ukuze sibusise isizini yokuhamba ngomkhumbi. Izifihla-buso, imidanso, kanye "nomkhumbi ogibele izinqola" kungaba okhokho abaqondile... ama-floats ukuthi namuhla bawela imibuthano ye-samba nemigwaqo.
Ngaphezu kwalezi zinkolelo-mbono, abalobi banamuhla bakhuluma ngokuxhumana okungenzeka nonkulunkulu abanjengo inyama (kuhlotshaniswa nobhontshisi kanye nebhekoni emasikweni aseCeltic) noma ngisho nezithombe ezivela konkulunkulu bamaHindu, njenge I-Karna e IKāmadeva, ezimelela isifiso nokuzala. Lezi ziphakamiso ziqinisa umqondo wokuthi iCarnival inefa elide lemikhuba yezolimo kanye nemikhuba yothando kanye nenala.
Imikhosi yobuqaba eyavula indlela yeCarnival
Esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuba umkhosi uhlotshaniswe nekhalenda lobuKristu, Abantu basendulo babegubha ukuphela kobusika. kanye nokubuya kokukhanya ngemikhuba yokuguquka nokweqisa. Phakathi kwezinkomba ezicashunwe kakhulu yimikhosi yaseSumer naseGibhithe, i- ISaturnalia, I-Bacchanalia e I-Lupercalia Amasiko amaRoma, ngaphezu kokukhulekelwa kukaDionysus (noma uBacchus, wamaRoma).
EGrisi lasendulo, i- I-Dionysian Zazihlanganisa iwayini, umculo, imidanso ephithizelayo, kanye nemidlalo yaseshashalazini eyayishukumisa idolobha lonke. ERoma, iSaturnalia yayinezidili, ukushintshana ngezipho, kanye nokugqoka izifihla-buso. ukuguqulwa okungokomfanekiso phakathi kwamakhosi nezigqila kanye nokumiswa okwesikhashana kwemikhuba yomphakathi — konke kufana kakhulu nomoya weCarnival.
Phakathi naleso sikhathi, imibuso eMpumalanga Eseduze kanye nemiphakathi efana neyaseGibhithe yahlela imikhosi yokuhlonipha onkulunkulu bokuzala, njengokuthi I-Apis...ngemibuthano, umculo ophakeme, umdanso, kanye nokuyekelela ngokocansi. Kweminingi yale mikhuba, kwakukholelwa ukuthi... ukuxosha ngokomfanekiso imimoya yasebusika Kwakudingeka ukuqinisekisa isivuno esihle kanye nokuzala.
Abantu baseJalimane babeba nemikhosi yokuphawula ukubuya kokukhanya. Kunezindaba zokuhlonishwa konkulunkulukazi. nerthus, owayethwelwe “ngesikebhe esinamasondo” ephelezelwa amadoda nabesifazane abagqoke izifihla-buso, ngezinye izikhathi beshintshana ngezindima nobulili, ngendlela ecacile isiko lokuzalaKwezinye izinguqulo, umshado ongokomfanekiso wenziwa ebhodini ukuqinisekisa ukuchuma.
Kuzo zonke lezi zibonelo, kuvela iphethini: isikhathi esinqunyiwe lapho ukuhleleka kukhululiwe khonaKulo mongo, amazinga okubusa ayalingiswa, futhi ukuhleka kuhambisana nomqondo wokufa nokuzalwa kabusha. Lesi sakhiwo esingokomfanekiso sasizohlanganiswa kamuva, sihunyushwe kabusha, futhi siguqulwe sibe ubuKrestu ngokwengxenye yiCarnival yasendulo.
Isonto, ukucindezelwa kanye nokuguqulwa kweCarnival ibe yinkolo yobuKristu
Ngokukhula kobuKristu eYurophu, iSonto lazama amakhulu eminyaka ukuqukatha noma ukuvimbela imikhuba ebhekwa njengeyobuqaba. okuhlobene nesikhathi sangaphambi kweLenten. AmaSinodi kanye nemikhandlu yayilahla ama-masquerade, izingqungquthela ezinezintanta ezimile njengomkhumbi, imidanso engenasimilo, kanye nokugqoka izingubo eziphambeneyo.
Kakade eMkhandlwini waseNicaea (325), sithola imizamo yokwenza susa imikhosi enomsuka wobuqaba Ekupheleni kobusika, ababhishobhi nabashumayeli, njengoCaesarius wase-Arles, balahla le mikhosi ezintshumayelweni ezazizophefumulela kamuva uhlu "lwezinkolelo-ze" okwakumelwe zilwiwe. Imibhalo yokuzisola yekhulu lesi-8 nelesi-9 iyazilahla ngokusobala. abantu abagqoke njengezilwane noma abantu asebekhulile, into ejwayelekile emikhosini kaJanuwari noFebhuwari.
Noma kunjalo, ukucindezelwa akuzange kuphumelele ngokuphelele. Kancane kancane, iSonto ngokwalo laqaphela ukuthi kuzothela izithelo kakhudlwana. ukumunca nokuguqula ubuKrestu izici ezithile zibaluleke kakhulu kunokuzama ukuzivimbela ngokuphelele. UPapa uGregory Omkhulu (wekhulu lesi-6 kuya kwelesi-7), isibonelo, wahlela kabusha ikhalenda ngokubeka ukuqala kokuzila ngoLwesithathu Lomlotha futhi, empeleni, waqaphela ukuthi kukhona isikhathi sokuzila ngaphambi nje kwalokho.
Kusukela kule nhlangano engaqondakali, kwazalwa iKhanivali. kuhlanganiswe nonyaka wenkonzo...kodwa bephethe imikhondo ecacile yemikhuba yangaphambi kobuKristu: ukugconwa kwabantu abaphezulu, ukudla okumnandi, iziphuzo, inkanuko, kanye nokungalaleli okulawulwayo. Ezindaweni eziningi, kwakuvamile khetha "iNkosi yeCarnival" okwathi ngemva kokubusa ngokomfanekiso izinsuku ezimbalwa njengomuntu osabekayo noweqisayo, wagcina “efile” noma eshile, okuqinisa umjikelezo wokuzalwa kabusha kokufa.
Ngokumangalisayo, iSonto ngokwalo lahlanganyela emikhubeni manje ebonakala ishaqisa, njengokuthi ukuphoqa amaJuda ukuba abaleke enqunu eRoma ngesikhathi semikhosi yeSaturnalia yavuselelwa ngekhulu le-15, ngaphansi kobupapa bukaPawulu II. Umngcele phakathi kwesiko lenkolo nomkhosi wezwe wawuvame ukuguquguquka, ugcwele ukungezwani kanye nokuhlangana.
I-Carnival njengomkhuba wokuguqula umphakathi.
Ngokombono wabantu, i-Carnival ivame ukuchazwa njenge- "isiko lokuguqula"Kulolu hlobo lwesiko, izakhiwo ezivamile ziguqulwa okwesikhashana: ukuhlekisa okumpofu abacebile, abangaphansi balingisa abaphathi, amadoda agqoka njengabesifazane kanye nolimi olungcolile nolungcolile luthola indawo yomphakathi.
Lokhu kuguqulwa akuyona nje ihlaya: kusebenza njenge "ivalvu yokuphunyuka" ukubhekana nokungezwani komphakathi okuqongelelekile. Ngokuvumela abantu ukuba bahleke ngeziphathimandla, bahlekise ngohlelo olumisiwe, futhi bazitike ngamaphupho angavunyelwe, umphakathi uvuselela ngendlela exakile ukwamukela kwawo lolo hlelo lapho imikhosi iphela.
Emikhosini ye-carnival yasendulo, kwakuvamile ukuhleka usulu abantu abanamandla ngokuqondile. Izifihla-buso ezimelela izikhulu, abefundisi abakhuluphele, abahluleli abonakele, ngisho nemifanekiso eqoshiwe kaKristu neNcasakazi uMariya yayisetshenziswa emigwaqweni. Kwamanye amadolobha, kwakuhlelwa “imikhosi yeziwula” kanye “nemikhosi yezimbongolo,” lapho imicikilisho yayilingiswa kabi Ngendlela ecacile.
Ngamagama angokomfanekiso, i-Carnival iphawula ushintsho: Kusukela ebusika kuya entwasahlobo, kusukela ebumnyameni kuya ekukhanyeni.Kusukela ekuzithibeni ngokweqile kuya ekuzibambeni, kusukela empilweni engenakuvinjelwa kuya ekucabangeni kweLenten. Akuyona into engaqondakali ukuthi imiphakathi eminingi iphetha isizini ngokushiswa kwesithixo — “iNkosi uMomo”, “iJuan Carnaval”, “i-clown” noma “iCarnavalón” — njengomnikelo ohlangene ophetha umjikelezo.
Izinsuku ze-carnival kanye nokuhlobana kwazo nekhalenda lenyanga.
Usuku lweCarnival luyahlukahluka unyaka nonyaka ngoba Kuncike ngqo kuPhasika.Ngokwesiko lobuKristu, iSonto lePhasika liyiSonto lokuqala ngemva kwenyanga yokuqala egcwele elandela i-equinox yasentwasahlobo (eNyakatho Yenkabazwe) noma i-equinox yasekwindla (eNingizimu Yenkabazwe). Kusukela ngalolo suku, kubalwa izinsuku ezingu-47 emuva ukuze kufinyelelwe ku-Shrove Tuesday.
Njengoba ukubalwa kungokwenyanga, i-Carnival ingase ifike ku- uFebhuwari noma ekuqaleni kukaMashiKwamanye amakhulu eminyaka, kunezinsuku zokuqala kakhulu (njengokuqala kukaFebhuwari) kanti ezinye zifika sekwephuzile kakhulu (cishe ngoMashi 9). Amacala angavamile afaka phakathi iCarnivals ngomhlaka-29 kuFebhuwari, ezenzeka kuphela eminyakeni ethile yokuxhuma.
Lokhu kuguquguquka kuchaza ukuthi kungani, eminyakeni ethile, imikhosi ihambisana neminye imikhosi eshukumayo, njenge- Unyaka Omusha WaseShayina, noma zihambisana namaholide omphakathi emazweni ahlukene, zidala inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yesikhathi sokuphumula, ezokuvakasha, kanye nokugubha inkolo.
Kusukela eYurophu kuya eMelika: ukusabalala kweCarnival emhlabeni wonke.
Njengoba amaPutukezi, amaSpanishi namaFulentshi eba ngamakoloni, imodeli yaseYurophu yemikhosi yangaphambi kweLenten yaya e- IMelika, i-Afrika kanye ne-AsiaEzindaweni eziningi zamakoloni, le mikhuba yahlangana nemiphakathi yabantu bomdabu kanye nokugeleza okukhulu kwabantu base-Afrika abayizigqila, okwabangela... izinhlobo ezintsha ze-hybrid ze-Carnival.
E-Iberian Peninsula, lokho okwakubizwa ngokuthi I-Carnival Kwakuhlanganisa imidlalo ehilela amanzi, ufulawa, amaqanda, nezithelo, ngokuvamile enobudlova obukhulu obungokomfanekiso. Okwamanje, e-Italy, I-Venice Yagqama ngezithombe zayo ezinhle zobuso nemidanso ye-ballroom, kuyilapho amadolobha afana neNice neParis ehlela imibuthano enezikebhe ezihlotshiswe kahle, imodeli eyayizokhuthaza imikhosi yesikhathi esizayo eNice, eSanta Cruz de Tenerife, eToronto, eNew Orleans naseRio de Janeiro.
Ezindaweni eziningi, i-European Shrove Tuesday kanye ne-Carnival kwakungumkhosi. okuvinjelwe noma okulawulwayo yiziphathimandla zomphakathi nezesonto ngenxa yokungahleleki ezazikubangela. Noma kunjalo, baqhubeka nokuzivumelanisa nezimo zendawo. Emazweni aseMelika, le mikhosi yayithathwa ngabantu abayizigqila nabakhululiwe njengoba isikhala sokuziveza kwamasiko kanye nokumelana, kufaka phakathi imigqi yase-Afrika, imidanso yendabuko, kanye namahlaya ohlelo lwamakoloni.
Kuyo yonke ikhulu le-18 nele-19, iCarnival yathatha izinhlobo ezihlukile esifundeni ngasinye: imibuthano egqoke izifihla-buso eColonia naseMainz, ukulwa okuwolintshi kanye nemibuthano "ye-gilles" eBinche (eBelgium), amaphathi emigwaqweni eHavana naseSantiago de Cuba, amaloli omsindo kanye namaqembu emigwaqweni eSalvador, i-candombe kanye ne-murgas e-Uruguay, ama-comparsas eBarranquilla, ama-corsos eMontevideo naseGualeguaychú, phakathi kwezinye izibonelo eziningi.
I-Carnival eBrazil: kusukela emikhosini yangaphambi kweLenten kuya ezikoleni ze-samba
EBrazil, amarekhodi okuqala e- I-Carnival yasePortugal Le mikhuba isukela emuva ekhulwini le-16, eyalethwa ngamakoloni ezikhathini zokuqala zobukaputeni njengePernambuco. Yayihilela ukuphonsa amanzi, udaka, ufulawa, ngisho "nolamula onephunga elimnandi": amabhola amancane e-wax agcwele amanzi anamakha noma, ngezinye izikhathi, uketshezi olungathandeki, oluphonswa kubantu abadlulayo abangalindele.
Ngekhulu le-17, imikhosi efana nokuhalalisa iNkosi uJohn IV eRio de Janeiro yayivele ibonise izici zobuntu. imikhosi yomphakathi Behambisana nama-masquerade, izigqila kanye nemindeni yabamhlophe bahlanganyela ndawonye (nakuba babenezindima ezingalingani kakhulu), futhi umgwaqo waqala ukuguquka waba yindawo ehloniphekile yokugubha iCarnival.
Kancane kancane, ikakhulukazi ngekhulu le-19, i-carnival enonya yathatha indawo yezinhlobo ezihlelekile kakhulu: ama-carnival clubs, ama-ranches, ama-cordons ...namaqembu omculo ahamba emigwaqweni yaseRio, eRecife, naseSalvador. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, iRio de Janeiro ibheka imincintiswano yaseParis naseNice, ifaka umqondo wemincintiswano enezintanta, kuyilapho futhi ihlanganisa kakhulu... Izingoma nezinkolo zase-Afro-Brazil.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, kuvela ezokuqala. escolas de sambaLezi kwakuyizinhlangano zomakhelwane abamnyama ikakhulukazi, ezinobudlelwano obuqinile nemiphakathi yama-favela kanye nezikhungo zenkolo zase-Afrika-Brazil. Baqala ukuhlela imibuthano enezindaba, umculo wabo we-samba, izingxenye ezihleliwe, kanye nemidlalo emikhulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uhulumeni wadlulisela la mandla ezindaweni ezithile—okwaholela ekwakhiweni kwama-sambadrome afana nalawo aseRio kanye nalawo ase-Anhembi, eSão Paulo.
Namuhla, iBrazilian Carnival iyi- uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lwamasiko nezomnothoImibukiso emikhulu eboniswa kuthelevishini, amaphathi asemgwaqweni aqoqa izigidi zabantu, ama-trio kagesi eBahia, ama-maracatus nama-frevo ePernambuco, imidanso ye-ballroom, ama-micareta angaphandle kwesizini kanye nemikhosi yesifunda esukela e-Ovar iye eMindelo, edlula eMindelo (eCape Verde) kanye namadolobha wonke ase-Amazon.
Amamodeli amakhulu eCarnival emhlabeni jikelele
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ezinye ziye zahlanganiswa. Amamodeli e-Carnival ngokubikezela okukhulu kwamazwe ngamazwe, ngayinye igcizelela izici ezahlukene zesiko elivamile.
Cha BrasilPhakathi kwezinto eziphawulekayo kakhulu yiCarnival yaseRio de Janeiro, ebhekwa yiGuinness World Records njengenkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni ngokwenani lababukeli bansuku zonke; iCarnival yaseSão Paulo enezikole zayo ze-samba e-Anhembi; iCarnival yaseSalvador ene-electric trios kanye nomculo we-axé; kanye neCarnival yaseRecife-Olinda ene-frevo kanye neGalo da Madrugada bloco, enye yezindawo ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni.
Na I-ColombiaI-Carnival of Barranquilla ihlanganisa izinkulumo zomdabu, zase-Afrika, nezaseYurophu, kanye nemicimbi efana ne-Battle of Flowers, i-Grand Parade of Tradition, kanye "nokufa kukaJoselito," umlingiswa omelela ukuphela kwemikhosi. Okunye okuphawulekayo... I-Carnival yabamnyama nabamhlophe ePasto, enezimpande eziqinile zase-Andean kanye nokuqashelwa yi-UNESCO.
Na I-BoliviaI-Carnival yase-Oruro ihlanganisa ukuzinikela eNcasakazini yaseSocavón nemidanso yokhokho efana ne-Diablada, ngendlela ecebile yokuhlangana kwenkolo. I-UruguayI-Carnival yaseMontevideo yaziwa njengende kunazo zonke emhlabeni, cishe izinsuku ezingu-40 zemibukiso equkethe i-murga, i-candombe, abalingisi be-parodist, amahlaya, kanye nemibukiso esiteji esakazeke kulo lonke idolobha.
Na EuropaIVenice inezinto ezikhangayo ngezifihla-buso zayo ezicwengekile namabhola ahloniphekile; iNice neDunkirk ziqhayisa ngemibukiso emikhulu yezindawo ezintantayo namasiko akudala amakhulu eminyaka; amadolobha aseJalimane afana neCologne, iDüsseldorf, neMainz ahlela i-rosenmontagszüge (imibuthano yeRose Monday) enengxenye enamandla yokuhlekisa neyokuthanda izwe lendawo.
Ezinye izinto ezibalulekile okugxilwe kuzo zifaka phakathi Imikhosi yaseCaribbean (i-Trinidad ne-Tobago, i-Havana, i-Santiago de Cuba), imikhosi yase-Central America (efana ne-San Miguel e-El Salvador ne-Las Tablas e-Panama), kanye nenqwaba yemikhosi e- I-MéxicoIPeru, iDominican Republic, iVenezuela, iSpain kanye nePortugal, ngayinye inezinhlamvu zayo ezijwayelekile, umculo kanye nemikhuba yokugcina yokushisa izithombe.
Izingubo, izifihla-buso, kanye nezinto zokuntanta: izimpawu eziyinhloko.
Izinto ezintathu zikhona cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zeCarnival: izingubo, imaski kanye nezimoto ezihlotshisiweNdawonye, baveza umqondo wokuguquka kwesimo, ukweqisa, kanye nokudlala eshashalazini empilweni yomphakathi.
As imaski Zivumela umuntu ukuba "alahle" ubuwena bakhe bansuku zonke, okwesikhashana athathe enye indima: inkosi, isinxibi, udeveli, isilwane, umlingiswa womlando, noma umuntu wasenganekwaneni. Emasikweni aseVenice, ePodence (ePortugal), eLazarim, eBinche (eBelgium), noma abantu basePortugal abafake izifihla-buso, lokhu kufihlwa kuhlobene kakhulu nemikhuba yezolimo kanye nomuzwa wokuhlekisa onolaka, ngezinye izikhathi ovusa inkanuko.
As amaphupho Izingubo ze-carnival zisukela ezingutsheni ezenziwe ngendlela ehlelekile kuya ekudalweni okunezinhlobonhlobo ngezimpaphe, amatshe ayigugu, nezinto zokunethezeka. Emikhosini eminingi ye-carnival yaseLatin America, ukugqoka njengezithombe ezifana namademoni, amaMoor, ama-gypsies, ama-"lechones," ama-"diablos cojuelos," noma ama-"guloyas" kuvusa futhi kuvuselele izinkumbulo ze... ubugqila, ubukoloni kanye nokumelana.
Os ama-floatsLezi, nazo, ziphinda lowo "mkhumbi onamasondo" wasendulo we-Navigium Isidis noma i-Roman carrus navalis. Namuhla, zisebenza njenge izigaba zeselula lapho kuboniswa khona izingqikithi zezinganekwane, zezombusazwe, zomlando noma zenganekwane, kuyilapho kugqanyiswa nobukhulu bomcimbi kanye nekhono lokudala lemiphakathi ehilelekile.
Emadolobheni amaningi, ukukhiqizwa kwezingubo zokugqoka kanye nezicathulo ezintantayo kuwumsebenzi wonyaka wonke, ohilela abathungi, abadwebi, abaklami besethi, abaculi, kanye nezisebenzi zokuzithandela. Ngakho-ke, i-Carnival nayo iba... injini yezomnotho, okudala imisebenzi, ezokuvakasha kanye nemboni yamasiko eqinile.
Phakathi kwezinto ezingcwele nezingcolile: I-Carnival namuhla
Ezikhathini zanamuhla, iCarnival igujwa ezindaweni eziningi zomhlaba. ulahlekelwe ukuxhumana okuqondile ILent iyinto engokwenkolo kubantu abaningi, kodwa iyaqhubeka nokubalwa maqondana nePhasika futhi ithwala, noma ngabe ngendlela engeyona eyenkolo, uphawu lwayo lokuguquka.
Emazweni anesiko eliqinile lamaKatolika noma lamaProthestani, kusekhona labo abahlobanisa le nkathi ne ukweqisa okudingeka kunxeshezelwe ngakho ngokusebenzisa imikhuba elandelayo yokuzithiba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubukhulu bezokuvakasha kanye nabezindaba bemikhosi buyanda, ngokuxhaswa okukhulu, ukusakazwa kwethelevishini yamazwe ngamazwe, kanye nokuba khona okuqinile ezinkundleni zokuxhumana.
Naphezu kokuthengiswa, umongo wesiko usalokhu: ukudlala ngobuwenaUkuphonsela inselelo uhlelo olumisiwe, ukuhleka amandla, ukudansa kuze kuse, ukugubha ukuzala kanye nekhono lokuqala kabusha ngemva kwenhlekelele. Ezindaweni zabasebenzi zaseMontevideo, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Oruro, emaqenjini e-carnival aseSalvador, kuma-quadrilles aseTlaxcala noma e- i-murgas yaseBuenos AiresI-Carnival iyaqhubeka nokuba yisikhathi lapho yonke imiphakathi iziqaphela futhi izivuselela khona.
Ekugcineni, lapho isithombe sishiswa, iNkosi uMomo iyasuswa esikhundleni, "uJuan Carnaval" uyangcwatshwa, noma "umhlekisi" ubhujiswa esigcawini somphakathi, okusengozini... ukuxoxisana ngokubambisana ngomqondo wokufa nokuvuselelwaPhakathi kwe-confetti kanye ne-streamers, abantu abanemvelaphi ehlukene kakhulu bayaqhubeka nokudlala, unyaka nonyaka, umbuzo ofanayo omdala: indlela yokudlula ebusika, izingxabano kanye nezinkinga, kodwa futhi uzalwe kabusha njengomphakathi?
