I-Jalisco iyisifunda esisentshonalanga yeMexico, esaziwa ngesiko namasiko aso anothile. Umsuka wayo usukela ezikhathini zangaphambi kwe-Hispanic, lapho lesi sifunda sasihlalwa izimpucuko zendabuko ezihlukahlukene, njengamaTecuexes, amaCaxcanes, amaHuicholes, namaPurépechas. Laba bantu bashiye ifa lamasiko nezakhiwo ezisengabonakala ezindaweni zemivubukulo njenge-Guachimontones ne-Los Guachimontones. Ukufika kwamaSpanishi ekhulwini le-16 kwaphawula ukuqala kobukoloni kanye nomthelela waseYurophu esifundeni, kwakha isiko nobuyena buka-Jalisco kuze kube namuhla.
Impucuko yaseMesoamerican: Amasiko, Inkolo, kanye Nemiphakathi Yasendulo Eyinkimbinkimbi YaseMelika Ephakathi.
I-Jalisco iyisifunda sase-Mexico esinomlando ocebile osukela ezikhathini zangaphambi kwe-Hispanic. Ngaphambi kokufika kwamaSpanishi, lesi sifunda sasihlalwa impucuko yaseMesoamerica ehlukahlukene, ngayinye inamasiko ayo, inkolo, kanye nesakhiwo senhlalo esiyinkimbinkimbi.
Enye yempucuko evelele kakhulu eyayihlala esifundeni saseJalisco kwakuyi ama-huicholes, ezaziwa ngobuciko bazo obumibalabala namasiko enkolo ayingqayizivele. Babekholelwa konkulunkulu abaningi futhi benza amasiko angcwele ukuze baxhumane nezwe elingokomoya.
Ngaphezu kwamaHuicholes, ezinye izimpucuko ezifana ne teuchitlán kanye ne- Ama-Tecuanes baphinde bashiya uphawu lwabo emlandweni weJalisco. Amanxiwa abo emivubukulo asengatholakala esifundeni, efakazela ubuhle nobunkimbinkimbi bemiphakathi yabo yasendulo.
Phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, ngokufika kwekoloni yaseSpain neYurophu, isiko nenkolo yempucuko yaseMesoamerican kancane kancane yacindezelwa. Nokho, izici eziningi zefa labo zisekhona ekuphileni kwansuku zonke kwabantu baseJalisco, abagcina amasiko nemikhuba yokhokho babo bephila.
Ngamafuphi, imvelaphi kaJalisco igxile kakhulu empucukweni yaseMesoamerican eyayihlala esifundeni ngaphambi kokufika kweSpanishi. Amasiko abo, inkolo, nemiphakathi yasendulo eyinkimbinkimbi iye yasiza ekulolongeni ubunjalo obuyingqayizivele balesi sifunda saseMexico.
Uhlolojikelele olufushane lomlando waseMexico: kusukela empucukweni yasendulo kuya ekuzimeleni nasekuguqukeni.
Umlando waseMexico uphawuleka ngokuhlukahluka kwamasiko okucebile kanye nochungechunge lwezehlakalo ezakha ubunjalo bezwe. Kusukela empucukweni yasendulo eyayihlala esifundeni, njengama-Aztec, amaMayans, nama-Olmec, kuya ezikhathini zamakoloni aseSpain kanye nemizabalazo yenkululeko nokuvukela umbuso, iMexico iye yaba nezinguquko eziningi phakathi namakhulu eminyaka.
Esinye sezifunda ezibaluleke kakhulu emlandweni wase-Mexico yi-Jalisco, umsuka wayo usukela ezikhathini zangaphambi kwe-Hispanic. EJalisco kwakuhlala amaqembu abomdabu ahlukahlukene, njengamaNahua, amaCaxcan, namaTecuexe, ashiya imikhondo yamasiko nenhlangano yawo yezenhlalo endaweni. Umthelela walezi zimpucuko ungabonakala ezindaweni zokuvubukula ezifana neLos Guachimontones neLa Mesa. Le miphakathi yendabuko yayibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwe-Jalisco futhi yaba neqhaza ekuhlukeni kwamasiko kulesi sifunda.
Abantu abakhulu base-Mesoamerica: ukuhlaziya okufushane komlando kwamaqembu omdabu esifundeni.
Uyini umsuka we-Jalisco? Kusukela ezikhathini zangaphambi kwe-Hispanic, isifunda sase-Jalisco besihlalwa amaqembu endabuko ahlukahlukene anikele kumlando onothile we-Mesoamerica. Phakathi kwezizwe eziyinhloko ezihlala kule ndawo kukhona ama-teotihuacanosthe i-toltecthe I-Tarascos kanye ne- nawu.
I-Teotihuacanos yayingenye yezimpucuko ezibaluleke kakhulu zaseMesoamerica, ezaziwa ngezakhiwo zazo eziyisikhumbuzo kanye nezinhlelo zezombangazwe nezenkolo eziyinkimbinkimbi. AmaToltec wona ayenomthwalo wemfanelo wokusabalalisa ithonya lawo lamasiko kuso sonke isifunda, eshiya ifa elihlala njalo kwezobuciko nezakhiwo zaseMexico.
AmaTarasca, aziwa nangokuthi amaPurépechas, athuthukisa impucuko entshonalanga yeMexico, enenhlangano yezombangazwe nezenhlalo ehlaba umxhwele. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaNahua ayeyiqembu lezilimi elalihlanganisa nama-Aztec, asungula uMbuso wama-Aztec onamandla maphakathi neMexico.
Ukusebenzelana phakathi kwalaba bantu bomdabu abahlukahlukene kube nomthelela ekwehlukahlukaneni kwamasiko nomlando we-Jalisco, okwaba isikhungo esibalulekile sohwebo nentuthuko yobuciko e-Mesoamerica. Ifa elicebile elashiywa yilaba bantu lisabonakala kumasiko, imisebenzi yezandla, nezakhiwo zakule ndawo.
Umlando waseMexico: kusukela empucukweni yasendulo kuya ekuzimeleni nasekuguqukeni.
Umlando waseMexico ucebile futhi uyinkimbinkimbi, unezimpande ezisukela empucukweni yasendulo eyayihlala endaweni ngaphambi kokufika kwamaSpanishi. Kusukela ezikhathini zangaphambi kweSpanishi, iMexico ibilokhu iyikhaya lamasiko nabantu abahlukahlukene abashiye uphawu lwabo emlandweni wezwe.
Esinye sezifunda ezibaluleke kakhulu eMexico yasendulo kwakuyiJalisco, umsuka wayo ungalandelelwa emuva empucukweni yangaphambi kweColumbian eyayihlala kule ndawo. Izizwe zomdabu ezahlala eJalisco, njengamaTecuexes, amaCaxcanes, namaHuicholes, zaba nesiko elicebile futhi zashiya umkhondo wokuba khona kwazo endaweni.
I-Jalisco yayiyisikhungo esibalulekile semikhosi nesokuhweba, esinomnotho osekelwe kwezolimo kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezitsha zobumba nezindwangu. Lesi sifunda besaziwa ngamasiko aso obuciko nangokwenkolo, abenomthelela kwamanye amasiko aseMesoamerica.
Ngokufika kwamaSpanishi ekhulwini le-16, umlando weJalisco neMexico usuwonke waqala ukushintsha. Ikoloni yaseSpain ilethe izinguquko ezinkulu emphakathini namasiko ezwe, kodwa izimpande zempucuko yasendulo zaqhubeka zithonya ubunjalo baseMexico.
Ukuzimela kweMexico ngo-1821 kanye neNguquko yaseMexico ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX kwaphawula izahluko ezintsha emlandweni wezwe, kodwa ifa lempucuko yasendulo, kuhlanganise nelaseJalisco, lisaphila kumasiko nobubona baseMexico kuze kube namuhla.
Uyini umsuka we-Jalisco? (kusukela ezikhathini zangaphambi kweSpanishi)
A umsuka Jalisco , kuhlanganise nenkathi yangaphambi kweSpanishi, ihlehlela emuva okungenani eminyakeni eyizi-7.000 15.000, nakuba ezinye izinsalela zibonakala zibonisa ukuba khona komuntu iminyaka engu-XNUMX XNUMX.
Kunoma yikuphi, unyaka ka-618 AD lapho inhlangano yokuqala eyaziwayo ibonakala isele endaweni yamanje: Umbuso waseJalisco, owasungulwa amaToltec.
Isifunda saseJalisco singesinye sezifundazwe ezakha i-United States of Mexico. Inhloko-dolobha yayo iGuadalajara, okuyidolobha elinabantu abaningi kakhulu.
Igama layo liyisibonelo esihle sethonya lendabuko, njengoba livela ekuhlanganisweni kwamagama amathathu esiNahuatl. Inhlanganisela isho ukuthi "Ebusweni besihlabathi."
Ungase futhi ube nesithakazelo emasikweni nasemikhubeni yaseJalisco.
Umsuka Wesifunda Sase-Jalisco
I-Pre-Hispanic Era
Kusukela cishe ngo-100 AD, kunobufakazi bokuthuthukiswa kwesiko elizinze endaweni esogwini lwaseJalisco. Yilokho okusele kwezinsalela njengalezo zase-Ixtépete noma zase-Autlán.
Njengengqophamlando ebalulekile ezikhathini zangaphambi kweSpanishi, ukusungulwa koMbuso waseJalisco, ngo-618 AD. C. ngamaToltec.
Bakwazile ukuthuthukisa enye yezithabathaba ezibaluleke kakhulu esifundeni. Ithonya labo lalitholakala entshonalanga yezwe lanamuhla, lapho babehweba khona nabanye abantu baseMesoamerica.
Okuphawuleka ngokufanayo ukubukeka kwe-Cocas endaweni yaseGuadalajara. Kubo kuvela i-gentile "tapatio," esasetshenziswa izakhamuzi zakulesi sifunda.
Ngesikhathi sekoloni
Ukwandiswa kwamakoloni aseSpain engxenyeni esentshonalanga yalokho okwakuyiNew Spain ngaleso sikhathi kwaqala ngo-1521.
Ngemva kweminyaka eminingana yempi, ngo-January 25, 1531, "Kingdom of Nueva Galicia" wazalwa, owandulela isimo samanje Jalisco.
Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, omunye umcimbi waphawula ukuthuthukiswa kweJalisco njengendawo. NgoDisemba 10, 1560, iGuadalajara yaba inhloko-dolobha yaseNueva Galicia, yaba nokubaluleka ezweni lonke.
Ukuzimela
Ngokushesha uJalisco wajoyina impi yenkululeko yaseMexico. Ngo-Okthoba 1810, amasosha amavukela-mbuso aqala ukulwa nokukhulula i-New Galicia. Ngemva kwenyanga nje, ngo-November 11, bakwazi ukungena eGuadalajara bathumba idolobha.
Kusukela ekunqobeni ngokumelene ne-viceroyalty yaseSpain, uMbuso WaseNew Galicia uba umnyango we-Jalisco.
Kusukela ekhulwini le-19 kuze kube manje
Lapho inkululeko isitholakele, kwasala umbuzo wokuthi leli zwe elisha lalizothuthuka kanjani. Ezindaweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa ne-Jalisco, kwaba khona umbango wamandla phakathi kwama-federalists kanye nama-centralists, hhayi okungenani labo ababefuna ukuzimela okuphelele.
Abanqobi bokuqala balo mbango babengabagqugquzeli beFederalism. Ngakho, uPrisciliano Sánchez, omunye wabantu ababaluleke kakhulu kule nhlangano, waba umbusi wokuqala wombuso wesikhathi esizayo.
Isifunda Sase-Jalisco sazimemezela njengeSifunda Esikhululekile Nesizimele ngo-June 16, 1823. Ukuze kuhambisane nemithetho kazwelonke, kwakudingeka ukuthi kulindwe i-Mexican National Congress ukuthi igunyaze uMthetho Wokubusa Kwezwe.
I-Article 50 ichaze inhlangano yezwe, isungula izisekelo ze-federalism. Ngo-February 7, 1824, uJalisco wamisa le mithetho.
Izinkomba
- Jalisco, Uhulumeni Wesifunda. Umlando we-Jalisco. Kubuyiswe ku-visit.jalisco.gob.mx
- Isimo sezulu. Umsuka nomlando we-Jalisco. Kubuyiswe ku-elclima.com.mx
- Umlando we-Jalisco Utholwe ku-history.com
- Schmal, John. I-Jalisco Yomdabu Yekhulu Leshumi Nesithupha. Kutholwe ku-houstonculture.org
- World Guides Guadalajara umlando amaqiniso kanye umugqa wesikhathi. Kubuyiswe ku-world-guides.com