- I-biotechnology inikeza amathuba aphezulu okuqashwa emikhakheni eminingi: ezempilo, ukudla kwezolimo, imvelo, imboni kanye nomnotho oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- Isazi se-biotechnologist sihlanganisa ukuqeqeshwa kwesayensi okuqinile nombono osebenzayo, sisebenza ezindaweni ezisukela ocwaningweni kuya ekuphathweni, ekwelulekeni, kanye nasebuholini.
- Amaphrofayili ku-sanitary biotechnology, ukuxilongwa kwama-molecular, kanye ne-bioinformatics aphakathi kwezinto ezifunwa kakhulu futhi anikeza amathuba amahle kakhulu okuthola umholo.
- Ukuguqulwa kwedijithali, i-big data, kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa kwandisa amathuba obuchwepheshe ku-biotechnology.
I-biotechnology izisungule njengenye yemikhakha yesayensi ekhula ngokushesha kakhulu ekhulwini lama-21 , iqhutshwa yisidingo sokuthuthukisa impilo, ukudla, imvelo kanye nezimboni. Namuhla, izibhedlela, izikhungo zocwaningo, izinkampani zemithi kanye nokudla kwezolimo, kanye nezinhlangano zomphakathi zifuna ochwepheshe abakwazi ukuguqula ulwazi lube izixazululo eziqondile: imithi emisha, ukudla okuphephile, izinqubo zezimboni ezihlanzekile, noma amasu okubuyisela imvelo eyonakele.
Kulabo abazibuza ngamathuba emisebenzi ku-biotechnology, impendulo ibanzi kakhulu kunoku "sebenza elabhorethri ." Lo mkhakha uthuthuke kakhulu kangangokuthi, ngaphezu kocwaningo lwakudala, ukuphathwa, ukubonisana, ukusungula ibhizinisi, kanye nezindima zobuholi bebhizinisi kuye kwaba nokubaluleka ezindaweni ezifana nokuxilongwa kwama-molecular, i-bioinformatics, umnotho oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-biotechnology yezemvelo, kanye ne -biotechnology kwezolimo noma embonini.
Iphrofayili ye-biotechnologist: ukuqeqeshwa okuguquguqukayo kwemakethe ekhulayo.
Inzuzo eyinhloko yalabo abaphothule kwi-Biotechnology ukuhlanganiswa kwesisekelo esiqinile ku-molecular biology, i-genetics, i-microbiology , i-biochemistry, i-physiology, kanye nezibalo . Le nhlanganisela ivumela ukuqonda okujulile kwezinqubo ze-biological, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusetshenziswa kwalolu lwazi ezimweni ezahlukahlukene kakhulu, kusukela ekuthuthukisweni kwemithi kuya ekuthuthukisweni kwezitshalo noma ekuhlanzweni kwenhlabathi namanzi.
Isazi se-biotechnologist asiyona "isazi sebhayoloji esimsulwa" noma "isazi sekhemistri esimsulwa," kodwa uchwepheshe oxubile onombono wesayensi oqinile kanye nokuqondiswa okusebenzayo . Izinkampani ziyazisa kakhulu leli khono lokuhamba phakathi kwebhentshi lelebhu, ukuhlaziywa kwedatha, ukwakheka kwenqubo yezimboni, kanye nokuchazwa kwezindinganiso zomthetho, into ebaluleke kakhulu emikhakheni elawulwa kakhulu.
Idatha yemisebenzi emikhakheni ye-biosciences kanye ne-biotechnology inhle kakhulu , ngamazinga angaphezu kwesilinganiso samanyuvesi emazweni afana neSpain kanye nokuqagela okunamandla kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Izilinganiso zaseYurophu zikhomba ekudalweni kwemisebenzi emisha engaba ngu-900.000 kuya ku-1.500.000 ku-biotechnology ngo-2030, okubangelwa yizinselele ezifana nokuguga kwabantu, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu, ukuguquka kwamandla, kanye nesidingo sokukhiqiza ukudla ngendlela eqhubekayo.
Ngokuphathelene namaholo, isazi se-biotechnologist esisanda kuphothula singaqala umsebenzi waso ngemali engaba ngu-€28.700 ngonyaka , inani elikhula kakhulu ngolwazi, ubuchwepheshe (isibonelo, ku-bioinformatics, umthethonqubo, noma ukuphathwa kwesilingo semitholampilo), kanye nokuthatha izindima zokuphatha. Kumaphrofayili aphezulu nawaqeqeshiwe kakhulu, amaholo angakhuphuka kakhulu.
Isimo senhlalo siphinde sidlale indima ebalulekile kubuchwepheshe be-bio : ukufuna izixazululo ezihlobene nekhwalithi yokuphila, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukuguquka kwamandla, kanye nokuvikeleka kokudla kuqhuba izindawo ezifana nezempilo, ukudla kwezolimo, ubuchwepheshe be-biotechnology bezemvelo kanye nezimboni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubuchwepheshe obusha njenge-big data, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa (kufaka phakathi i-AI yokukhiqiza), kanye ne-biology yokwenziwa kushintsha izinhlobo zamakhono adingeka kakhulu.
Imboni yezemithi kanye ne-biotechnology: i-R&D, izivivinyo zemitholampilo kanye nomthethonqubo.
Imboni yezemithi kanye nezinkampani ze-biotechnology mhlawumbe ziyindawo ebonakala kakhulu futhi efiselekayo kochwepheshe be-biotechnology abaningi . Lezi yizinhlangano ezidinga ochwepheshe cishe kuzo zonke izigaba zomjikelezo wokuphila kwemithi, kusukela ekuboneni imigomo yama-molecule kuya ekukhiqizweni okukhulu kanye nokulandelwa ngemuva kokumaketha.
Ucwaningo ekuthuthukisweni kwemithi ethuthukisiwe kanye nokwelashwa
Umcwaningi we-R&D wezokwelapha uzinikele ekuklameni, ekuhloleni, nasekuthuthukiseni ama-molecule amasha, ukwelashwa kwezinto eziphilayo, imigomo , kanye nokwelashwa okuthuthukile, njengokwelashwa kwezakhi zofuzo namaseli . Umsebenzi uqala ngokuhlonza inhloso yokwelapha (izakhi zofuzo, iphrotheni, noma indlela ye-metabolic ehambisana nesifo), uhamba ngokuklama ama-compounds noma ama-vectors, futhi uphetha ngezifundo zangaphambi kokwelashwa kumamodeli eseli nezilwane.
Kule ndima, ukuqina kwesayensi kanye nelukuluku kuhambisana nekhono lokusebenza emaqenjini ahlukahlukene , angafaka phakathi osokhemisi bezokwelapha, ochwepheshe be-bioinformaticians, odokotela, osokhemisi, kanye nonjiniyela. Le phrofayili ivame ukutholakala ezinkampanini ezinkulu zemithi, izinkampani ezintsha ezigxile ku-oncology, izifo ezingavamile, i-immunology, i-neuroscience, noma ukwelashwa komuntu siqu.
Ngokombono womholo, usosayensi we-R&D osemncane angaqala ngemali ephakathi kuka-€30.000 no-€35.000 ngonyaka , kuye ngezwe kanye nenkampani. Ngolwazi, ubuholi bephrojekthi, futhi ekugcineni ukuphathwa kweqembu, akuvamile ukudlula u-€55.000–€65.000, okubeka le phrofayili phakathi kwabakhokhelwa kakhulu kulo mkhakha.
Ukuphathwa kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezivivinyo zemitholampilo
Uma umuntu ozongenela ukhetho lomuthi edlula esigabeni sangaphambi kokwelashwa, ungena ezweni lokuhlolwa kwabantu, lapho isazi se-biotechnologist singasebenza njengomxhumanisi noma umqaphi wokuhlolwa komtholampilo (CRA) . Lochwepheshe uhlela, aqaphe, futhi alawule izifundo ezenziwa ezibhedlela nasezikhungweni zocwaningo, eqinisekisa ukuthi konke kwenziwa ngokuhambisana nezinqubo ezivunyiwe, izimiso zokuziphatha zezokwelapha, kanye nezidingo zeziphathimandla ezilawulayo.
Ngaphezu kolwazi oluqinile lwesayensi, umxhumanisi wesilingo semitholampilo udinga iphrofayili ehlelekile kakhulu namakhono amahle okuxhumana , njengoba esebenza njengebhuloho phakathi kwenkampani exhasayo, abaphenyi bemitholampilo, amaqembu abahlengikazi, kanye neminyango yokulawula. Ukuthuthuka okuvamile kusuka ku-CRA encane kuya ku-CRA ephezulu, futhi kamuva, kuya kuMphathi Wesilingo Semitholampilo noma ezikhundleni zokuphatha ekuthuthukisweni kwemitholampilo.
Amaholo nawo ayakhanga: i-CRA eminyakeni yayo yokuqala ingahola phakathi kuka-€27.000 no-€39.000 , kuyilapho i-CRA esekhulile ivame ukuthola phakathi kuka-€44.000 no-€52.000. Ezindimeni ze-Clinical Trial Manager, lapho uhlelo lonke lokufunda luhlanganiswa khona, imali engenayo yonyaka ivame ukudlula u-€60.000.
Izindaba zomthetho kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi
Ngaphambi kokufika kumakhemisi noma ezibhedlela, noma yimuphi umuthi noma umkhiqizo we-biotechnology udinga imvume evela ezinhlanganweni ezilawulayo njenge-EMA (i-European Medicines Agency) . Yilapho uchwepheshe wezindaba zomthetho engena khona, onesibopho sokuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izinqubo zokuthuthukisa, zokukhiqiza, zokuhlola, kanye nezokumaketha zihambisana ngokuningiliziwe nezindinganiso ezifanele kanye nezinkinga zokuziphatha .
Lena indima eqophayo kakhulu, enamasu, futhi egxile enqubweni, kodwa ibaluleke kakhulu empumelelweni yenkampani . Ngaphandle kwedokhumenti yokulawula engenaphutha, iphrojekthi ngeke ifinyelele emakethe. Laba ochwepheshe basebenza kwezemithi, ezobuchwepheshe be-bio, ezinkampanini zamadivayisi ezokwelapha, ekuxilongweni kwe-in vitro, kanye nemikhiqizo yokunakekelwa kwempilo.
Ngokuphathelene nomholo, uchwepheshe osemncane ngokwemithetho noma ikhwalithi uvame ukuqala cishe ku-€28.000 , futhi angakhula afinyelele ku-€40.000 kuya ku-€60.000 ngonyaka enolwazi, ikakhulukazi ezinkampanini ezinkulu noma ezikhundleni zokuphatha nezokuphatha.
Ucwaningo lwezemfundo kanye nezikhungo zomphakathi ezinhle kakhulu
Umsebenzi wokucwaninga emanyuvesi nasezikhungweni zomphakathi uyaqhubeka nokuba ngenye yezindlela zomsebenzi wobungcweti kakhulu ku-biotechnology . Labo abalandela le ndlela bahlanganyela ekukhiqizeni ulwazi olusezingeni eliphezulu, ngokuvamile ngokubambisana namaqembu omhlaba wonke, futhi banegalelo ekuguquleni okutholakalayo okuyisisekelo kube ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha, kwezolimo, noma kwezimboni esikhathini esiphakathi.
Kunezikhungo ezidumile emhlabeni wonke ezisebenza kanzima ne-biotechnology , njengezikhungo ze-biotechnology zikazwelonke, izikhungo zocwaningo lwe-oncology noma lwe-cardiovascular, kanye nezikhungo zokulawula i-genomic, phakathi kwezinye. Lezi zikhungo zakha imigqa yocwaningo ku-molecular and cellular biology, systems biology, microbiology, plant molecular genetics, immunology, oncology, macromolecular structure, molecular neurobiology, microbiota and food biotechnology, assisted human reproducing, kanye nezinye eziningi.
Ngokwandayo, le migqa yocwaningo ihlanganisa amathuluzi edatha amakhulu, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, kanye nebhayoloji yokwenziwa . Ukuhlaziywa okukhulu kwedatha ye-omics (i-genomics, i-transcriptomics, i-proteomics, i-metabolomics) kanye nokwakhiwa kwezinhlelo zezinto eziphilayo "kusukela ekuqaleni" kuguqula indlela izivivinyo eziklanywa ngayo, izibikezelo ezenziwa ngayo, kanye nokwelashwa okwenziwa ngcono ngayo.
Nakuba umsebenzi wezemfundo uncintisana futhi izigaba zawo ziphawulwa yizibonelelo kanye nezinkontileka zesikhashana , futhi unikeza ithuba lokuqondisa indlela yakho yesayensi, ukuqeqesha ochwepheshe abasha, kanye nokukhiqiza ulwazi oluzosebenza njengesisekelo sezinto ezintsha zesikhathi esizayo embonini kanye nokunakekelwa kwempilo.
Umkhakha wokudla kwezolimo kanye nezolimo: ukuphepha, ukusebenza kanye nokusimama
Umkhakha wokudla kwezolimo ungomunye wemikhakha enamandla kakhulu futhi ezinzile kochwepheshe bezinto eziphilayo, onamathuba amahle okudala imisebenzi . I-Biotechnology ibhekwa njengomunye wabalingani abakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukukhiqizwa kokudla okuphephile, okunomsoco, nokusebenzayo okunomthelela ophansi emvelweni.
Emkhakheni wokudla, ochwepheshe bangasebenza ekuthuthukiseni izakhi zofuzo zezitshalo nezilwane , bazenze zikwazi ukumelana nezinambuzane, izifo, kanye nezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu, kanye nokuqondisa ukukhiqizwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu yokudla okunomsoco. Bangasebenza futhi ekukhetheni nasekuthuthukiseni amagciwane ahilelekile ekukhiqizweni kokudla okubilisiwe kanye nokudalwa kokudla okusebenzayo okucebiswe ngama-probiotic, izithako ezisebenzayo, noma izithasiselo zemvelo. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezakhi zofuzo kuyindawo ebalulekile kulo mongo.
Esinye isici esibalulekile ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yokudla nokuphepha , lapho ochwepheshe bezinto eziphilayo behlanganyela khona ekutholeni amagciwane, ubuthi, izinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane noma ukungcola, kanye nasekuqinisekisweni kwezinqubo eziqinisekisa ukuphepha okuvela ensimini kuya kumthengi. Amalabhorethri okuhlaziya, izinhlangano zokuqinisekisa, ama-cooperative kanye nezinkampani ezinkulu zokudla kwezolimo ziyizisebenzi ezivame ukuqashwa.
Ngokombono wezolimo, i-biotechnology inegalelo ekwandiseni umkhiqizo wezitshalo kanye nokusimama ngokusebenzisa izinhlobo ezisebenzisa amanzi nezakhamzimba kangcono, amasu okulima anembile, ama-biostimulants, ama-biopesticides, kanye namasu okuvuselela inhlabathi eyonakele. Kukhona futhi intshisekelo ekhulayo emithonjeni emisha yamaprotheni (isb., evela ezitshalweni noma kuma-microbial) kanye nakwimikhiqizo ye-bio ukuthuthukisa impilo yenhlabathi kanye nezitshalo.
Ezindimeni zobuchwepheshe belabhorethri noma zokulawula ikhwalithi kulo mkhakha, amaholo okuqala ngokuvamile aphakathi kuka-€22.000 no-€28.000 , kanye nethuba lokuqhubekela phambili ku-€35.000–€45.000 ezikhundleni ezidinga ulwazi olwengeziwe, umthwalo wemfanelo wezobuchwepheshe, noma ukuphathwa kweqembu.
I-biotechnology yezemvelo kanye nomnotho ojikelezayo
I-biotechnology yezemvelo ingenye yezindawo ezinethuba elikhulu esikhathini esifushane nesiphakathi, eziqhutshwa yizinqubomgomo eziphuthumayo zesimo sezulu kanye nokuguquka kwemvelo . Ohulumeni nezinkampani bafuna izixazululo ezisekelwe ezinqubweni zezinto eziphilayo ezibavumela ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi, ukuphatha imfucuza ngendlela ephumelelayo, nokubuyisela imvelo ethintekile yimisebenzi yabantu.
Kulo mkhakha, izindawo ezine eziyinhloko zomsebenzi zivelele kusosayensi we-biotechnologist : ukulungiswa kwezinto eziphilayo, ukuphathwa kwemfucuza, ukukhiqizwa kukaphethiloli we-bio, kanye nokulondolozwa kwezinto eziphilayo. Ekulungisweni kwezinto eziphilayo, isibonelo, ama-microorganism noma ama-microbial consortia asetshenziselwa ukonakalisa ukungcola kwezinto eziphilayo, ukuvimba izinsimbi ezisindayo, noma ukuvuselela inhlabathi eshisiwe kanye nezindawo zamanzi ezingcolile.
Ekuphathweni kwemfucuza, izinqubo zezinto eziphilayo ziyathuthukiswa ukuze kuphathwe futhi kuhlonishwe imfucuza yasemadolobheni, yezimboni, noma yezolimo , okukhuthaza ukuvimbela, ukusebenzisa kabusha, ukulungisa, kanye nokuvuselela kabusha ngokuhambisana nomnotho ojikelezayo. Lokhu kungaholela ekukhiqizweni kwe-biogas, ama-biofertilizer, noma izinto zokusetshenziswa zesibili ezinenani lezinye izimboni.
Ukukhiqizwa kwamafutha emvelo avela ezintweni eziphilayo, njenge-bioethanol, i-biodiesel, noma i-biogas, kungenye into ebalulekile emsebenzini , ukuhlola izinto ezihlukahlukene (imfucuza yezolimo, ulwelwe, imikhiqizo yezimboni) kanye nokwenza ngcono izinto ezincane kanye ne-bioreactors. Umgomo ukuthola imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo enciphisa ukuncika kumafutha emvelo kanye nokukhishwa kwamagesi okushisa umhlaba.
Okokugcina, ukulondolozwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kuzuza ngamasu ama-molecule kanye ne-genomic ukuqapha inani labantu, ukuhlonza izinhlobo ezisengozini, ukuphatha amabhange e-germplasm, nokusekela izinhlelo zokubuyisela izinhlobo. Izinkampani zokubonisana ngemvelo, izinkampani zobunjiniyela, izinhlangano zomphakathi, kanye nezikhungo zocwaningo lokusimama yizona eziqasha kakhulu.
Umnotho oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye ne-biotechnology yasolwandle
Lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "umnotho oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka" kuhlanganisa imisebenzi ehlobene nolwandle nezindawo ezisogwini futhi kuhlonzwa yiKhomishini yaseYurophu njengenye yemithombo emikhulu yokukhula kwesikhathi esizayo . Phakathi kwezindawo ezinhlanu ezinethuba elikhulu kakhulu kukhona ukufuywa kwezinhlanzi kanye ne-biotechnology yasolwandle, amandla avuselelekayo olwandle, ukusetshenziswa kwezinsizakusebenza zezimbiwa zasolwandle, kanye nezokuvakasha zasogwini kanye nezasolwandle.
Ekuhlanganiseni phakathi kwe-biotechnology kanye nokufuywa kwezinhlanzi, kuvela uhla oluthakazelisayo lwamathuba ochwepheshe . Ochwepheshe be-biotechnologists bangasebenza ekuthuthukisweni kokudla okusebenzayo nokuqhubekayo, ukukhethwa kwezakhi zofuzo zezinhlobo ezibalulekile kwezentengiselwano, ukuvimbela izifo ngemigomo noma ama-probiotic, kanye nokwakhiwa kwezinhlelo zokulima eziqinile kakhulu ezingenamthelela omkhulu emvelweni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto eziphilayo zasolwandle zakha umthombo ocebile wama-molecule asebenzayo anezicelo ezingaba khona kwezokwelapha, izimonyo, izakhamzimba, noma izinto ezintsha. Ukuhlola nokuchazwa kwala ma-compound, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwawo kwe-biotechnology, kuyimikhakha ekhulayo. Amaningi ala ma-molecule afaka phakathi izigaba ezifana ne -terpenes , ezithakazelisa kakhulu izimboni.
Ukuxilongwa kwama-molecule kanye nobuchwepheshe bezempilo
Ukuxilongwa kwemitholampilo kuye kwaba noguquko olukhulu ngenxa yamasu e-molecule , futhi ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19 lukwenze lokhu kwaba sobala emhlabeni wonke. Ochwepheshe be-biotechnologists badlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni, ekuqinisekisweni, nasekusetshenzisweni kokuhlolwa okusheshayo kokuxilonga, amaphaneli okuthola izifo, ukuhlolwa kofuzo, kanye namapulatifomu okulandelana.
Le phrofayili ifunwa kakhulu emalabhorethri ezibhedlela, ezinkampanini zokuxilonga ngaphakathi kwe-vitro, kanye nasezinkampanini zobuchwepheshe bezokwelapha . Imisebenzi isukela ekwakheni amakhithi amasha kuya ekwenzeni ngcono amaphrothokholi, ukuqinisekiswa kwezokwelapha, ukuhumusha imiphumela eyinkimbinkimbi, kanye nokunikeza ukwesekwa kwesayensi kumaqembu ezokwelapha.
Imithi eyenzelwe wena kanye nokuhlonza ama-biomarker kuphakathi kwezindawo ezikhula ngokushesha , okuqhuba isidingo sochwepheshe abakwazi ukuhlanganisa idatha yezakhi zofuzo, yezokwelapha, kanye neye-molecular ukuze baqondise izindlela zokwelapha ezenzelwe wena. Izinkampani eziningi zitshala imali eningi emalini yabantu kulezi zindima, okuholela emathubeni amahle okuqasha.
I-biotechnology yezimboni kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-bioprocess
I-biotechnology yezimboni isebenzisa ama-microorganism, ama-enzyme, namaseli ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza ezinkulu , ifuna ukusebenza kahle okukhulu, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, kanye nokunciphisa imfucuza. Kusosayensi we-biotechnology, lokhu kusho ukusebenza kuma-bioprocesses, kusukela elabhorethri kuya esitshalweni sezimboni.
Imisebenzi ejwayelekile ifaka phakathi ukuklama nokwenza ngcono ukubiliswa, ukukhiqizwa kwamaprotheni aphinde ahlanganiswe, ukuhlanzwa kwama-biomolecule, kanye nokulinganisa inqubo . Bavame futhi ukubandakanyeka ekulawulweni kwekhwalithi kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nemikhiqizo eqediwe, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ibhetshi ngayinye ihlangabezana nemininingwane eqinile.
Lolu hlobo lwephrofayili lubaluleke kakhulu ekudleni, eziphuzweni, ezimonyweni, ezinkampanini ze-green chemistry, futhi ikakhulukazi emayunithi amakhulu okukhiqiza imikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo kanye nemikhiqizo efana ne-biosimilar . Ulwazi ku-Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), ukuqinisekiswa kwenqubo, kanye nokuhlolwa kwamabhuku kuyisici esibalulekile sokukhulisa umsebenzi.
Ukwelulekwa kwesayensi, ukuphathwa kwamaphrojekthi kanye nosomabhizinisi
Akubona bonke ochwepheshe be-biotechnologist abachitha izimpilo zabo bephethe ama-pipettes; abaningi bathuthela ezindimeni zokuphatha, amasu, kanye nokubonisana . Njengoba lo mkhakha ukhula futhi uba nzima kakhulu, isidingo samaphrofayili akhuluma kahle kokubili "isayensi" kanye "nebhizinisi" siyanda.
Umeluleki wesayensi noma wesu ku-biotechnology usekela izinkampani, izimali zokutshalwa kwezimali, kanye nezinhlangano zomphakathi ekwenzeni izinqumo . Bahlaziya idatha yezokwelapha, izimo zomthetho, indawo yokuncintisana, kanye namathuba emakethe ezindaweni ezifana nokwelashwa okuthuthukisiwe, amadivayisi ezokwelapha, ezolimo ezinembile, ukuxilongwa kwama-molecular, noma i-bioinformatics. Baphinde bahlanganyele ezinqubweni zokuhlolisisa ukuze bahlole amandla ezinkampani ezintsha kanye namaphrojekthi ezobuchwepheshe.
Umphathi wephrojekthi ye-R&D, naye, uhlela izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi kusukela ekuhleleni kuya ekuqalisweni . Bachaza izikhathi ezingokoqobo, babela izinsiza, baphatha isabelomali, baqaphe inqubekela phambili yomsebenzi, futhi balungiselela imibiko yabaxhasi kanye nabalingani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, benza kube lula ukuxhumana kanye nokubambisana phakathi kwamaqembu ahlukahlukene, into ebalulekile kumaphrojekthi e-biotechnology yanamuhla.
Enye indlela ekhulayo yomsebenzi ukuchwephesha ekudlulisweni kobuchwepheshe , ukusebenza eminyangweni yokusungula izinto ezintsha emanyuvesi nasezikhungweni zocwaningo. Kule ndima, isazi se-biotechnologist sisiza ukuguqula ukutholakala kwesayensi kube amalungelo obunikazi, amalayisense, ama-spin-offs, kanye nezivumelwano nemboni, okuvala igebe phakathi kwezemfundo kanye nemakethe.
Ukuhweba nge-bio mhlawumbe kuyisici esinesibindi kunazo zonke salolu shintsho . Ukusungula inkampani entsha ye-biotech kuhilela ukuhlonza isidingo sangempela, ukuhlaziya imakethe, ukuklama imodeli yebhizinisi eqinile, ukuvikela impahla yobuhlakani, nokufuna uxhaso (izifutho, izisheshisi, izimali zebhizinisi, izinhlelo zomphakathi). Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsunguli udinga ukuhlanganisa nokuhola amaqembu ahlukahlukene ahlanganisa isayensi, ubunjiniyela, umkhuba wezokwelapha, ukuphathwa, kanye nomthethonqubo.
Ukuphatha kanye nobuholi ezinkampanini ze-biotechnology
Njengoba lo mkhakha ukhula, kuvela izikhundla zokuphatha eziningi eziqondiswe ngqo kubuchwepheshe be-bio . Lezi zindima zidinga kokubili ukuqonda okujulile kwesayensi namakhono ekuphatheni, isu, kanye nobuholi babantu.
Isikhulu Esiphezulu Sokusebenza (i-COO) ezinkampanini ze-biotech sixhumanisa imisebenzi ebalulekile yangaphakathi : ukwandisa izinqubo ze-bio, ukuphatha amalabhorethri kanye namafektri, ukuthuthwa kwezinto zokwakha, ukusetshenziswa kwezindinganiso ze-GMP kanye nezinhlelo zekhwalithi. Umgomo wabo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi konke kusebenza kahle, ngokuphephile, futhi kuhambisana nesu lenkampani.
Umqondisi wokumaketha wesayensi usebenza njengebhuloho phakathi kokusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nemakethe . Banesibopho sokuhumusha imiqondo yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu ibe yimilayezo eqondakalayo kodokotela, izibhedlela, abalawuli, noma amakhasimende ezimboni. Bathuthukisa amasu okubeka umkhiqizo endaweni yawo, izinto zemfundo, imikhankaso, kanye nezinhlelo zokukhuthaza intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe yenkampani.
Umphathi wokuthuthukiswa kwezokwelapha uhola iphothifoliyo yezivivinyo zezokwelapha , kusukela ekwakhiweni kwesifundo kuya ekuhlaziyweni nasekuchazeni imiphumela, egcina ubuhlobo obuseduze neziphathimandla zomthetho kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zokuziphatha nezesayensi. Le ndima ibaluleke kakhulu ezinkampanini zokwelapha nge-biotechnology kanye nezinkampani ezithuthukisiwe zokwelapha.
Okokugcina, umphathi wokuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi ufuna ukubambisana okunesu, amalayisense, izivumelwano, kanye namathuba amasha emakethe . Yibo abavula iminyango yokuthi inkampani ikhule, ifinyelele ezindaweni ezintsha, ivale izivumelwano zokuthuthukisa ngokubambisana, noma idonse utshalomali ukuze yandise amapulatifomu ayo obuchwepheshe.
I-Bioinformatics: iphrofayili ebanzi kakhulu futhi ebaluleke kakhulu.
I-Bioinformatics isishintshe ekubeni yinsimu eyingqayizivele yaba ikhono eliyinhloko cishe kuzo zonke izindawo ze-biotechnology . Ukwanda kwedatha ekhiqizwa ukulandelana okukhulu, ama-omics, kanye nokuhlolwa okuphezulu kudinga ochwepheshe abakwazi ukuhlela, ukuhlaziya, kanye nokuhumusha amanani amakhulu olwazi lwebhayoloji.
Isazi se-biotechnology esinolwazi nge-bioinformatics singazinikela ekuhlaziyeni ama-genome, ukuhlanganisa nokubhala izincazelo zokulandelana okuyinhloko , ukulingisa izakhiwo zamaprotheni, ukuhlonza izinhlobo zofuzo ezihlotshaniswa nezifo, noma ukwenza ngcono ama-algorithms okuthola izidakamizwa . Kuvamile futhi ukusebenza ngokufunda komshini kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa ukubikezela ukusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa, ukuklama ama-molecule, noma ukuhlukanisa amaphrofayili eziguli.
Le phrofayili ehlanganisiwe ingenye yezindawo ezifunwa kakhulu ezinkampanini ezinkulu zemithi kanye nasezinkampanini ezintsha zobuchwepheshe, izikhungo zocwaningo, kanye nezinkampani zokuxilonga . Ikhono lokuhamba phakathi kwekhodi nelabhorethri, ukuqonda i-biology ngemuva kwedatha, kubhekwa njengempahla yamasu.
Ngokuphathelene nomholo, isazi se-bioinformatician esincane singaqala phakathi kuka-€23.000 no-€34.000 , ububanzi obukhula ngokushesha ngolwazi kanye nobuchwepheshe ku-AI obusetshenziswa ku-biology. Ezikhundleni eziphezulu, akuvamile ukufinyelela noma ukudlula u-€55.000 - €70.000 minyaka yonke, okungenye yezindawo eziphakeme kakhulu zomholo ngaphakathi kwe-biotechnology.
Ezinye izindlela zomsebenzi: uchwepheshe webhulobho, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi, ukufundisa, kanye nokufinyelela abantu.
Kwabaningi abasanda kuphothula izifundo zabo, izikhundla zobungcweti belebhu ziyindawo yokungena efinyeleleka kalula emakethe yemisebenzi . Lochwepheshe uqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwansuku zonke kwelebhu, ulungiselela ama-reagent, usebenzisa imishini, uqhuba izinqubo, futhi uqopha ngokucophelela imiphumela yocwaningo, ukuxilonga, noma ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe.
Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kanye nokukhiqizwa ezimweni ezilawulwayo - njengezemithi, zezokwelapha, noma zokudla - nakho kuyizindawo ezifunwa kakhulu . Kulezi zindima, ochwepheshe be-biotechnologist bahlanganyela ekuchazeni nasekuqapheni imininingwane, ekuhlolweni kokuzinza, ekuqinisekisweni kwendlela, ekuhlolweni kwangaphakathi nangaphandle, kanye nasekuthuthukisweni kwenqubo okuqhubekayo.
Enye indlela efanele ukufundisa nokuxhumana ngesayensi . Abanye ochwepheshe bakhetha ukufundisa emanyuvesi noma ezikhungweni zokuqeqesha ubuchwepheshe, kanti abanye bazinikela ekukhulumeni ngesayensi ngemithombo yezindaba, amapulatifomu edijithali, kanye namanethiwekhi omphakathi. Ikhono lokuchaza imiqondo eyinkimbinkimbi ngokucacile nangokuhehayo liya ngokuya lithandwa, kokubili ngumphakathi kanye nezinkampani ezidinga ukuxhumana ngezinto ezintsha.
Sekukonke, izindlela zomsebenzi ku-biotechnology zihlanganisa impilo, ukudla, ezolimo, imvelo, imboni, ucwaningo, ukuphathwa, kanye nosomabhizinisi . Lokhu kuhlukahluka kuvumela umuntu ngamunye ukuthola indawo yakhe, kodwa kuzo zonke izimo, amakhono avamile ayaziswa: ukucabanga okujulile, ukuqina kwesayensi, ukufunda okuqhubekayo, kanye nekhono lokuzivumelanisa nezimo emkhakheni oshintsha njalo.
Labo abanomsebenzi wesayensi kanye nesifiso sokusebenzisa i-biology ukuxazulula izinkinga zangempela bazothola i-biotechnology iyindlela eqinile, enethuba elikhulu lokukhula kanye nomthelela emphakathini , kungaba sentuthukweni yemithi emisha, ekudalweni kokudla okunempilo, ekuvikelweni kweplanethi, noma ekwakhiweni kwezinkampani eziletha isayensi evela elabhorethri emakethe.
