I-Cementera yigama elisuka eSpanishi elisho imboni kasimende. Usimende uyinto ebalulekile ekwakheni, esetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ukhonkolo nodaka, futhi ubalulekile ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo, amabhuloho, imigwaqo, nezinye izakhiwo ezihlukahlukene. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola incazelo ye-cementera futhi sethule ezinye izibonelo zokusetshenziswa kwayo.
Iyiphi indlela efanele yokubhala usimende?
Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuthi isipelingi esifanele sikasimende sinohlamvu "i" esikhundleni sika "e." Abantu abaningi bagcina beyidida bese bebhala "cemente," kodwa igama elilungile lithi "cimento."
Igama elithi “usimende” libhekisela entweni eyimpushana evame ukusetshenziswa ekwakheni udaka nokhonkolo. Ikhiqizwa ngokuxuba i-limestone nobumba, okushiswa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ezikoni ezikhethekile.
Ama-Cementera yizinkampani ezigxile ekukhiqizeni nasekudayiseni usimende. Bahlinzeka ngempahla yamaphrojekthi wokwakha ahlukahlukene, beqinisekisa ikhwalithi nokuqina kwezakhiwo.
Isibonelo sokusebenzisa igama elithi "usimende" kungaba: "Inkampani yaseCementera ihlinzeke ngazo zonke izinto ezidingekayo ukuze kwakhiwe ibhuloho elisha ledolobha." Kulokhu, igama elithi "usimende" lipelwe kahle futhi lisetshenziswe ngaphakathi komongo wokwakha umphakathi.
Iyiphi indlela efanele yokupela igama elithi usimende?
Isipelingi esifanele segama elithi "usimende" sinohlamvu "i" phakathi, hhayi ngo "e," njengoba abantu abaningi bevame ukubhala ngephutha. Usimende uyimpahla yokwakha esetshenziswa kakhulu kwezobunjiniyela bomphakathi nasekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo, amabhuloho, imigwaqo, nokunye. Kuyinto eyimpushana okuthi uma ixubene namanzi, yenza unamathisele oqina futhi oqinile, obalulekile ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo eziqinile nezihlala isikhathi eside.
I-Cementera yinkampani egxile ekukhiqizeni nasekudayiseni usimende, ehlinzeka ngezinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zale nto ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zemakethe yokwakha. Inezimboni ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene zezwe futhi ihlonishwa ngekhwalithi yemikhiqizo yayo kanye nokusebenza kahle komsebenzi wayo wamakhasimende.
Ezinye izibonelo zokusebenzisa usimende zifaka isisekelo sezakhiwo, ukukhiqizwa kwamabhulokhi kakhonkolo, ukugandaywa kwemigwaqo nomgwaqo, kanye nokwakhiwa kwezinto zikasimende ezifana namakhova namapayipi. Usimende uyisici esibalulekile cishe kuzo zonke izigaba zephrojekthi yokwakha, okubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha nokuqina kwezakhiwo.
I-Cementera: incazelo nezibonelo zokusetshenziswa
Igama elithi " usimende "Kubhekiselwa kusimende, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umshini owukhiqizayo, ifektri noma imboni. Usimende wona uwumshini wokuhlanganisa owenziwe ngengxube yobumba ne-calcined kanye ne-limestone egayiwe eqina lapho ihlangana namanzi.
Ukukhiqizwa kukasimende njengamanje kuyisizinda somlilo wokunyakaza kwemvelo, njengoba kungenye yezimboni ezinkulu ezikhipha igesi ebamba ukushisa.
Okushoyo
Kufakwe kusimende
Isichazamazwi seRoyal Spanish Academy (DRAE) sithi elithi "cimento" yisiphawulo esiphathelene noma esihlobene nosimende. Iphinde ikhombise inkampani noma imboni ezinikele ekwenzeni noma ukudayisa usimende.
Ubuye ubizwe ngomshini wokuxova usimende, igama elinokulingana kwawo nobudoda elibizwa ngokuthi "usimende." Igama elifanayo elithi "usimende" njengomshini ingxube kakhonkolo.
Imboni kasimende njengamanje ibhekene noguquko oludingekayo. Ngokocwaningo lwangoJuni 2018 olwenziwe yiMaking Concrete Change, igalelo lale mboni ekuguquguqukeni kwesimo sezulu lilingana no-7% wesisi esingcolisa umoya emhlabeni. Lokhu kungaphezu kwesamba semikhumbi yamaloli ephumayo, ngokwezilinganiso ze-International Energy Agency.
Izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zalokhu kukhishwa kwezinto ezikhishwayo azihlangene namafutha asetshenziswa lapho kukhiqizwa, kodwa zivela ekuqhekekeni kwe-limestone ekhiqizwa i-clinker, bese igaywa nge-gypsum nomlotha ukuze kutholwe usimende.
Le nqubo ibonakala ngesidingo sokushisa okukhulu, okukhulula isikhutha ngendlela yamagesi angcolisayo.
Yingakho manje sesazi lokho okwaziwa ngokuthi "simende 4.0," umqondo okhombisa ukucwiliswa kobuchwepheshe ekukhiqizeni usimende. Izinzwa, amasistimu azenzakalelayo axhumene, nedatha manje kwethulwa ukuze kuhlaziywe ngefu.
Ngalezi zixazululo zedijithali, balinganisela ukuthi banganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza zokukhiqiza kwabo ngo-20%, kanye nemfucuza etholakala embonini "yosimende".
Icala elinelukuluku lika-Cruz Azul
Ukusetshenziswa okuthakazelisayo kwegama elithi "usimende" kwenzeka eqenjini lebhola lezinyawo laseMexico i-Cruz Azul. Ingelinye lamane ahamba phambili kwiligi yaseMexico kanti iphethwe yinkampani kasimende enegama elifanayo.
Ekuqaleni, ngeminyaka yawo-1920 nawo-1930, ithimba le-Cruz Azul lakhiwa kuphela abasebenzi baseLa Cruz Azul Cement Cooperative.
Ngenxa yebhola layo elikhulu elaqaliswa ngeminyaka yawo-1960, elibonakala ngokuhlasela nokusebenza kahle kwalo, labhapathizwa ngokuthi “Umshini”, isidlaliso esafakwa ngokushesha ekuxhumaneni kwayo nemboni lapho ikilabhu eyingxenye yayo, ngakho-ke yahlanganiswa “Umshini Wokusimende”.
Izibonelo zokusetshenziswa
“Ngaya enkampanini kasimende ukuze ngithole amanani esikhwama sikasimende. Ngibheke ngabomvu ukuqeda ukulungisa indlu.”
- "Umshini usimende uphukile, sidinga ukuthenga omunye."
- "Imboni kasimende yakuleli isesikhathini esibi ngemuva kokwehla ngo-50% kokuthunyelwa kwayo emazweni angaphandle."
- "Imboni kasimende inyuke ngo-1% ekuhwebeni kwasekhaya."
- "Ukuthengiswa kwezinkampani zikasimende kukhule ngo-15% ngonyaka odlule uma kuqhathaniswa no-2018."
- "Inhlangano ehlanganisa izinkampani zikasimende ilethe izikhalo zayo emhlanganweni ebiwubambe nabaholi bakahulumeni."
– “‘Umshini usimende’ awukahlulwa futhi uhola ukuma kwebhola laseMexico.”
- "Ukube imboni kasimende bekuyizwe, bekungaba i-CO2 enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni."
- "Kudingeka sihlaziye ukuthi imboni kasimende ingangena kanjani emnothweni oyindilinga."
- "Inkampani kasimende iLoma Negra ivala isitshalo sayo esinomlando."
- "NgoFebhuwari 2012, usomabhizinisi wesifazane wase-Argentina u-Amalita Fortabat washona."
- "U-Cruz Azul wafinyelela kowamanqamu we-Copa Libertadores ka-2001. Iqembu "likasimende" laba ngelokuqala eMexico ukuzuza leso sikhundla."
- "INorway izovula imboni yokuqala kasimende emhlabeni engeke ikhiphe amagesi angcolisayo."
Izinkomba
- Imboni kasimende. Isichazamazwi seRoyal Spanish Academy. Kubuyiswe ku-: dle.rae.es
- U-Pablo Rivas (2019). “Usimende, imboni enomthelela omkhulu enkingeni yesimo sezulu ukwedlula wonke amaloli omhlaba” . Kubuyiswe ku: elsaltodiario.com
- 4.0 usimende. Kubuyiswe ku: news.siemens.com
- (2018). "I-Norway izovula isikhungo sikasimende sokuqala esingakhiqizi umoya emhlabeni" . Kutholwe ku: ecoinventos.com
- U-Jonathan Lopez (2019). "Kungani u-Cruz Azul ebizwa ngokuthi 'Umshini Wosimende'?" . Kubuyiswe ku: us.as.com