I-autobiography iwuhlobo lwemibhalo equkethe ukuzixoxela ngempilo yomuntu. Kulolu hlobo lokubhala, umbhali ulandisa ngezenzakalo ezibalulekile ekuphileni kwabo, ulwazi lomuntu siqu, imicabango, kanye nemizwelo, enikeza umbono oseduze nowomuntu siqu ngobukhona bazo. Ama-autobiographies angahlelwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, njengezahluko zokulandelana kwezikhathi, izingqikithi ezithile, noma isitayela senkumbulo. Ezinye izibonelo ezidumile zama-autobiographies zihlanganisa "I-Autobiography ka-Benjamin Franklin," "Mina, uMalala," kanye ne-"Mein Kampf" ka-Adolf Hitler.
Izici ze-autobiography: okufanele ikuqukathe ukuze ibe yiqiniso.
I-autobiography ilandisa ngempilo yomuntu, ebhalwe yilowo muntu. Ukuze ithathwe njengeyiqiniso, i-autobiography kufanele iqukathe izici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuthi umbhali alandise ngempilo yakhe ngokwethembeka nangobuqotho, ngaphandle kokufihla noma ukuhlanekezela ulwazi. Ukucaca kubalulekile ukuze umfundi ayiqonde ngempela indaba yombhali.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, incwadi ekhuluma ngokuphila komuntu kufanele ihlanganise izenzakalo eziyinhloko kanye nezikhathi zokuphila kombhali, kusukela ebuntwaneni kuya ebudaleni. Kubalulekile ukuthi umbhali achaze okuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe, imizwa, imicabango, kanye nokuzindla, okuvumela umfundi ukuthi axhumane nohambo lwakhe lwempilo. Imininingwane ebalulekile, njengempumelelo, ukwehluleka, izinselele, kanye nokunqoba, nayo ibalulekile ekucebiseni indaba futhi yenze ihehe kakhulu.
Esinye isici esibalulekile se-autobiography ukucabangisisa kombhali ngempilo yakhe. Kubalulekile ukuthi bakwazi ukuhlaziya ukukhetha kwabo, amaphutha, kanye nempumelelo, kanye nomthelela wezenzo zabo kubo nakulabo ababazungezile. Ikhono lokuzicabangela linomthelela ekujuleni nasebuqinisoni bomsebenzi.
Ekugcineni, i-autobiography eyiqiniso kufanele idlulisele izwi lombhali nobuntu bakhe. Ulimi olusetshenziswayo, indlela yokubhala, kanye nezinqumo zokulandisa kumele kubonise ukuthi ungubani kanye nengqikithi yombhali, kwenze umsebenzi uhluke futhi ube ngumuntu siqu. Ubuqiniso yibo obuhlukanisa umlando wokuphila komuntu wangempela kusukela endabeni nje yomlando womuntu.
Ngamafuphi, i-autobiography eyiqiniso kufanele ibe qotho, iphelele, icabange, futhi ibe ngeyomuntu siqu. Ngokulandela lezi zici, umbhali uyakwazi ukwabelana ngendaba yakhe yempilo ngendlela eqotho nenomthelela, enikeza umfundi ulwazi olucebisayo nolukhuthazayo.
Funda izingxenye ezibalulekile ze-autobiography nokuthi ungayakha kanjani ngempumelelo.
Ukubhala i-autobiography kungaba umsebenzi oyinselele kodwa ovuza kakhulu. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indaba yakho ixoxwa kahle, kubalulekile ukuqonda izingxenye ezibalulekile ze-autobiography kanye nendlela yokuyihlela kahle.
I-autobiography ngokuvamile iqukethe izingxenye ezimbalwa eziyinhloko, ezihlanganisa:
1. Isingeniso: Kule ngxenye, umbhali uvame ukuzethula futhi anikeze umongo wendaba ezoxoxwa.
2. Ubuntwana kanye nobusha: Lapha, umbhali uchaza impilo yakhe kusukela ekuzalweni kuya ebusheni, eqokomisa izenzakalo ezibalulekile kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho okwabumba ubuntu bakhe.
3. Impilo Yabantu Abadala: Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa impilo yombhali esemdala, okuhlanganisa imfundo yakhe, umsebenzi wakhe, ubudlelwano bakhe, nezinye izici ezibalulekile.
4. Ukuzindla: Kuleli qophelo, umbhali angacabanga ngezifundo azifundile empilweni yonke, izinselele ezibhekene nazo, nokuthi zanqotshwa kanjani.
Ukuze uhlele umlando wakho ngempumelelo, kutuswa ukulandela uhlelo lokulandelana kwezikhathi futhi usebenzise imininingwane ecacile ukuze indaba ihehe kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukugcina izwi eliyiqiniso kanye nokwethembeka lapho wabelana ngolwazi lomuntu siqu.
Ezinye izibonelo zemibhalo yempilo ehlelwe kahle futhi ehehayo ihlanganisa “I-Autobiography of Malcolm X,” “Long Walk to Freedom” kaNelson Mandela “Long Walk to Freedom,” kanye neka-Elizabeth Gilbert ethi “Eat, Pray, Love.”
Ukubhala i-autobiography kungaba uhambo olujabulisayo lokuzitholela wena kanye nokuziveza. Ngokuqonda izingxenye ezibalulekile ze-autobiography nokuthi ungazihlela kanjani ngempumelelo, uzobe usendleleni yokuxoxa indaba yakho ngamandla nanenjongo.
Umhlahlandlela wesinyathelo ngesinyathelo sokudala isibonelo se-autobiography ngendlela elula nehlakaniphile.
Ukuze uqale ukubhala isibonelo se-autobiography ngendlela elula nehlakaniphile, landela lezi zinyathelo ezingezansi:
1. Khetha isihloko noma isikhathi sempilo yakho: Cabanga ngesihloko esithile ongathanda ukusikhuluma encwadini yakho yokuphila, njengobuntwana bakho, ubusha bakho, umsebenzi wakho wobungcweti, ukuhamba, phakathi kwezinye izinto.
2. Dala uhlaka lwendaba yakho: Hlela izenzakalo ezibaluleke kakhulu empilweni yakho ngokulandelana kwazo, uqokomise izikhathi ezibalulekile kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho okunenjongo.
3. Bhala ngendlela eyiqiniso neyomuntu siqu: Sebenzisa ulimi olulula noluyiqiniso, wabelane ngemizwa yakho, imicabango, kanye nokuzindla kuyo yonke indaba.
4. Sebenzisa amathuluzi obuciko bokubhala: Zama ngezindlela ezahlukene zokulandisa, njengokubuyela emuva, izingxoxo, izincazelo ezinemininingwane, kanye nezingathekiso, ukuze wenze umlando wakho ube mnandi futhi ube mnandi.
5. Buyekeza futhi uhlele umbhalo wakho: Ngemva kokuqeda ukubhala, bukeza ngokucophelela umbhalo wakho ukuze uthole amaphutha ohlelo lolimi, isipelingi, kanye nokuvumelana, uqinisekise ukuthi umlando wakho uhlelekile kahle futhi uhambisana.
Ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo, uzokwazi ukwenza isibonelo se-autobiography elula futhi enobuhlakani, esikuvumela ukuthi wabelane ngendaba yakho yokuphila ngendlela ehlukile nekhuthazayo. Khumbula ukuthi i-autobiography iyithuba lokuziveza futhi uxhumane nabafundi ngokusebenzisa ulwazi lwakho lomuntu siqu.
Incazelo ye-autobiography yabafundi bebanga lesithupha.
I-autobiography iwuhlobo lokubhala lapho umuntu exoxa khona ngendaba yempilo yakhe. Kubafundi bebanga lesithupha, lokhu kusho ukuthi bazothola ithuba lokubhala ngabo, ulwazi lwabo, izinkumbulo zabo, namaphupho abo. Kuyindlela yokuziveza nokuzazi kangcono, kanye nokuthuthukisa amakhono okubhala nokuzindla.
Embhalweni wokuphila komuntu, abafundi bangakhuluma ngezingane zabo, umndeni, abangani, izinto abazithandayo, impumelelo, kanye nezinselele. Kuyindlela yokwabelana ngokuthi bangobani nokuthi yini abayibona ibalulekile ezimpilweni zabo. Ngokubhala i-autobiography, bangahlola imizwelo yabo, imibono, nobuntu ngendlela eyingqayizivele nenenjongo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-autobiography ingaba indlela yokulondoloza izinkumbulo nokurekhoda izikhathi ezikhethekile. Ngokuzayo, abafundi bazokwazi ukuphinda bafunde umlando wabo ophilayo futhi bakhumbule izikhathi ezibalulekile ezimpilweni zabo. Kuyithuba lokubheka emuva ubone ukuthi zikhule kangakanani futhi zavela kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukubhala i-autobiography ebangeni lesithupha kungaba okuhlangenwe nakho okucebisayo nokuzuzisayo. Kuyindlela yokuziveza, ukuzazi kangcono, nokwazisa indaba yakho. Ngakho-ke, abafundi kufanele babambe leli thuba ukuze babelane ngokuthi bangobani nokuthi yini abafuna ukuyizuza esikhathini esizayo.
I-autobiography: Izimpawu, Izingxenye, nezibonelo
Incwadi yomlando womuntu iwumlando obhalwe ngumuntu ngalokho okwenzekile ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe noma ingxenye yawo. Uma ijwayelekile (impilo egcwele), ihlanganisa izici ezihlobene nobuntwana, umlando womndeni, ukunqoba, ukwehluleka, uthando, ukudabuka kwenhliziyo, uhambo, nakho konke okwakuzungeze ukuba khona kwakhe.
I-autobiography ithathwa njengohlobo lwemibhalo ngokwalo. Kuvalelwe phakathi kwemingcele yomlando nezincwadi, njengoba umlingiswa oyinhloko-okungumbhali ofanayo kulesi simo-angeke aphunyuke ezehlakalweni ezihlukahlukene zezenhlalo, ezombusazwe, nezamasiko ezakha impilo yakhe ngesikhathi sokulandisa.
Kunenani elikhulu lezinhlobo zemibhalo ehlobene ne-autobiography. Ngenxa yezici zayo, ixhunywe kuma-Chronicles, ama-biographies, ama-memoirs, namanoveli, phakathi kokunye. Nokho, naphezu kokwabelana ngezici ezithile nezinhlobo ezishiwo ngenhla, i-autobiography inezici ezihlukile eziyenza ihluke.
Kube uhlobo oluvame ukusetshenziswa abantu abanezinga elithile lokuqashelwa komphakathi, abalingisi abanqume ukwabelana nabalandeli babo, abalandeli, kanye nomphakathi jikelele ngezimo ezilolonge izindlela zabo. Ibonisa izinga eliphezulu lokuzihlola kanye nokuvezwa kwezici eziseduze zombhali.
Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo okusondelene kakhulu, mhlawumbe okubandakanya izehlakalo ezihlazisayo nezibucayi, ababhali abaningi bakhethe ukungaluhloli lolu hlobo lwemibhalo; benza kanjalo ukuze bagweme ukuzidalula bona noma ukudalula abathandekayo babo. Ibinzana elidumile elithi "iqiniso lidlula inganekwane" livela ku-autobiography.
Izincwadi ze-autobiographical zinabalandeli abaningi, abafundi abalangazelela ukufunda imininingwane yempilo yezithixo zabo. Lolu hlobo lwendaba lufunwa kakhulu ngoba lunikeza amathuba okufunda, ukulandela izeluleko ezivezwa emibonweni, nokuphila impilo engcono.
C izici ezijwayelekile
I-Etymology kanye nemvelaphi
Igama elithi autobiography yigama elakhiwe ngamagama amathathu esiGreki:
– Aútos (ngesiSpanishi, “auto”): isiqalo esisho ukuthi “ngokwayo”, “ngokwayo”.
– I-Bio (ngesiSpanishi, “i-bio”): isimaphambili esisho “ukuphila”.
– I-Graphia (ngesiSpanishi, “ukubhala amagama”): impande isho “ukubhala”.
Ngokusekelwe kule mithetho, singaqonda ukuthi igama elithi autobiography lingaqondwa njengokulotshwa kwempilo yomuntu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo ukuthi leli gama laqala ukusetshenziswa e-Anglo-Saxon, nguRobert Southey kuyi- Quarterly Review ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19; ngakho-ke, empeleni liyigama elifundwayo lesiNgisi. Ukudluliselwa kwesisho eSpanishi kwabe sekwenzeka, futhi isimo saleli gama saguqulwa sahambisana nohlelo lolimi lweSpanishi.
Izandulela
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi nakuba igama elithi "i-autobiography" laqanjwa ekuqaleni kwawo-1800, kudala ngaphambi kokuba kushicilelwe imisebenzi enezici zalolu hlobo lwemibhalo, ama-autobiographies ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa okusemthethweni kwaleli gama ahlanganisa okulandelayo:
– Incwadi ethi Confessions , ebhalwe nguSanta Augustine, yanyatheliswa okokuqala ngesiLatini ngekhulu lesi-5 AD futhi yahunyushwa futhi yanyatheliswa ngesiSpanishi ngo-1654 nguPedro de Ribadeneira.
– Izinkondlo Neqiniso (1833), ebhalwe nguJohann Wolfgang von Goethe, eyanyatheliswa ngemva konyaka eshonile.
Lezi zincwadi ezimbili zangaphambilini zazinezici ze-autobiographical futhi zibhekwa njengezinkomba eziyisibopho ocwaningweni lwalolu hlobo lwemibhalo.
Inhloso evela esandleni sokuzithoba
Okuthile okuthokozisayo okwenzeka ku-autobiography ukungaqondakali okuvela ekudalweni kwayo maqondana nemibono nezikhundla okufanele zithathwe ngesikhathi sokubhala.
Umbhali, ongumlingiswa oyinhloko, kufanele alondoloze isimo esiqondile mayelana nezehlakalo azilandisayo, alwele ukuba ngokoqobo ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lapho elandisa ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe siqu, umoya odingekayo we-subjective onikeza ukuphila kwalolu hlobo ukhona.
Ekuhlalisaneni kwalezi zimo zengqondo ezimbili eziphikisanayo, le mibono emibili, umlando wokuphila uyavela.
Isivumelwano phakathi kombhali nomfundi
Lesi sici se-autobiography singenye yezinto eziphoqa kakhulu. Lapho bethatha isinqumo sokubhala umsebenzi wabo, umbhali uthembisa abafundi babo ukuthi bayoba namaqiniso futhi babe neqiniso lapho beveza imizwa yabo, ukuthi ngeke baqambe amanga. Ngokulandelayo, umfundi uthatha ngokuthi umbhali uqotho ngangokunokwenzeka futhi ukholelwa konke abakushoyo.
Khumbula ukuthi lesi sivumelwano asithembekile 100%; umuntu ngeke azi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi isitatimende sombhali siyiqiniso ngokuphelele yini. Nokho, isithembiso siwukuthi ukuba khona kwazo kuyazwakala, okwenza lowo owamukelayo incwadi afundeke kakhulu.
Umthelela omakiwe lomongo wokukhiqiza
Umongo wokukhiqiza udlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwe-autobiography. Lokhu kuhlobene kakhulu nenjongo yombhali kanye nekhono labo lokudlulisa izimo zezenhlalo, zezombusazwe, zezomnotho, zomndeni, nezomlando ezalolonga impilo yabo.
Ukwamukeleka komsebenzi ngabafundi kuzoncika kakhulu encazelweni efanele kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwezenzakalo, ngokusebenzisa amamaki aphikisayo ekubunjweni kwezakhiwo ezincane kanye nama-macrostructures.
Isakhiwo
Lesi sici esithile siyahlukahluka kuye ngombhali: ayikho inhlangano ehlelekile mayelana nokulandelana kwezakhi zokulandisa ezivela encwadini yokuphila komuntu.
Isakhiwo sixhumene kakhulu nobuhlakani bombhali kanye namakhono okubhala izincwadi. Ngobubanzi, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokuhlela ku-autobiography:
Linear
Ihlanganisa ubuntwana, ukukhula, kanye nobudala bombhali (lokhu umlando wempilo yakhe ephelele) ukuya eminyakeni yakhe yamanje. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokwethula zonke izici zomongo wokukhiqiza.
I-cyclic
Asikho isikhathi esinqunyiwe sokuqala: kungaqala lapho umuntu esemdala futhi aqhubekele ebusheni, njalo njalo. Njenganoma yimuphi umsebenzi wale nkimbinkimbi, impumelelo yomsebenzi izoncika emakhonweni ombhali. Ngokunjalo, umongo wokukhiqiza ukhona futhi udlala indima ebalulekile esakhiweni.
Amasu
Le nsiza incike ekulungiseleleni kombhali ukubhala. Khumbula ukuthi ukubhala i-autobiography kuyatholakala kuwo wonke umuntu, kodwa akuwona wonke umuntu owazi ukubhala.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu okungenhla, ubuchwepheshe bubhekisa enkululekweni umlobi anayo lapho esondela kulolu hlobo lwemibhalo.
Kuyenzeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe ihaba, ukuhaya izinkondlo nakho konke okuwuphawu lobuntu bombhali, lokho-ke, okwakha ingxenye yamamaki akhe aphikisayo kanye nobunjalo bakhe bokubhala.
Umthombo womlando wenani elikhulu
Ngokudinga ukuthi ababhali bawo babe nenjongo mayelana nezenzakalo nezimo ezizungezile ukuphila kwabo phakathi nesikhathi ababephila kuso, umlando wokuphila komuntu ubonakala njengomthombo osebenzayo wolwazi lomlando.
Isibonelo esicacile siboniswa yizincwadi zomlando kaNelson Mandela ( Long Walk to Freedom , 1994 ) kanye noSaint Augustine ( Confessions – ikhulu lesi-5 AD), ababonisa amaqiniso omlando emiphakathi ababeyingxenye yayo eminyakeni yabo.
Yize lolu hlobo lokubhala lungathathwa njengoluyize, ngoba ababhali balo abanazo iziqu zomlando, abanciphisi umzimba noma abanikelanga.
Isandiso
Njengoba kunjalo ngezincwadi eziningi zesimanje, awukho umkhawulo wobude be-autobiographies.
Umbhali angakhetha noma yiziphi izahluko futhi andise ngendlela athanda ngayo. Ngokusobala, ububanzi bokuxhumana bomsebenzi buyohlala buncike emathuluzi okubhala asetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokubhala.
Izingxenye ze-autobiography
Ngezansi izakhi ezakha i-autobiography. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi, ngokunganaki okubalulekile kwesingeniso kanye nemininingwane yomuntu siqu, ukuhleleka kwentuthuko kungaphansi komcabango womlingiswa oyinhloko.
Isici ngasinye esiboniswe ngezansi sizoba ngaphansi kobuntu bombhali nomongo womkhiqizo.
1. Isingeniso
Kulesi sigaba, umbhali uchaza izimo eziholele ekutheni abhale umlando wakhe. Ngezizathu ezisobala, ukuvezwa okusobala kokuzithoba komlingiswa oyinhloko kuvunyelwe lapha.
Le ngxenye ikuvumela ukuthi uthwebule imicimbi ekuvumela ukuthi ubone kancane izici zobumfihlo bombhali, udale isimo sangaphambilini sendaba.
idatha yomuntu siqu
Yethulwa njengesisekelo somongo wabafundi nokuqinisa isingeniso. Lesi sigaba sivumela umbhali ukuthi aveze ulwazi oludingekayo oluzonikeza imininingwane ethile ngempilo yakhe.
Phakathi kwedatha yomuntu siqu eyisisekelo esinayo: igama eligcwele, izindawo ahlala kuzo, umsebenzi awenza, amagama amalungu omndeni aqondile, izinkanuko, izinto zokuzilibazisa, amabhizinisi, phakathi kokunye.
Intuthuko
Ezicini ezilandisayo zohlobo lwe-autobiographical, ukuthuthukiswa kumelela ukucabangela kakhulu mayelana nendlela ezibonakalisa ngayo. Ukubhalwa kwalesi sigaba kuzohluka kuye ngezinga lokubhala lombhali kanye nezizathu zomculo eziveziwe.
Njengoba kubonwe ngenhla, ingaphathwa ngendlela eqondile noma ngomjikelezo, kuye ngezintshisekelo zomlingisi oyinhloko. Ukulandelana kokuqakatheka kokwethulwa kwezehlakalo kuzonqunywa yilokho umbhali akuthatha njengezizathu ezibalulekile endabeni.
Umongo womkhiqizo udlala indima ebalulekile kule ngxenye, njengoba ubeka indlela yomlingiswa oyinhloko futhi usungula izandulela ezizoveza izehlakalo, ezaziwa ngokuthi isenzo-ukusabela.
Njengoba kuvamile ezinhlotsheni eziningi zemibhalo ehlobene, kuboniswa isiqalo nesiphetho.
Isiphetho
Ngemva komphumela noma ukuphela kwezehlakalo - nakuba umlingiswa oyinhloko esesemphumela wesinye seziqeshana zendaba yokuphila - ukufunda komuntu siqu mayelana nesipiliyoni kuyaboniswa.
Kulesi sigaba, abafundi bayakwazisa ukuzithoba komlingiswa oyinhloko ekwamukeleni imiphumela yezenzo zabo. Ukufakwa kwangaphakathi kuvame ukwenzeka engxenyeni yomamukeli wezingoma, kanye nokusabela okuphathelene nendlela abengenza ngayo ukube bekunjalo.
Iziphetho zivame ukuzibonakalisa njenge- monologue, inkhulumomphendvulwano ye-introspective yombhali.
Izincomo
Lapha kuvezwa amazwi ombhali mayelana nowamukele incwadi. Iqukethe iseluleko umlobi asibheka njengokuhlakanipha ukusinikeza ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe.
Le ngxenye inomlingisi oqondile wokuxhumana, kukhona ukufakwa komfundi, umlayezo oqondile kumamukeli.
Annexes
Lesi sigaba simelela izithombe kanye/noma irekhodi elisekela yonke into exoxwa umlingiswa oyinhloko. Inezinga elithile lokuhambisana nokubaluleka ngoba yenza ulwazi lomfundi lucace kakhudlwana; kunconywa ukuthi wonke ama-autobiographies awafake.
Izibonelo ze-autobiographies yezibalo zomlando
Ngezansi kukhona ama-autobiographies amane abalingiswa abamaka ingqopha-mlando emlandweni wesintu:
Charles Chaplin
I-Chaplin Autobiography (1964)
“Ngifisa sengathi ngingahlala isikhathi eside eNew York, kodwa kwadingeka ngisebenze eCalifornia. Okokuqala, ngangifuna ukuqeda inkontileka yami neFirst National ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ngoba ngangimagange ukuqala ne-United Artists.
Ukubuyela eCalifornia kwakudabukisa kancane ngemva kwenkululeko, ukukhalipha, nempilo enzima ayeyiphila eNew York. Inkinga yokuqeda amafilimu ane-reel amabili e-First National yabonakala kimi njengomsebenzi ongenakunqotshwa.
Izinsuku ezimbalwa, ngahlala estudiyo, ngizijwayeza umkhuba wokucabanga. Njengokudlala ivayolini noma upiyano, ukucabanga kufanele kuprakthizwe nsuku zonke, futhi ngawuyeka lo mkhuba.”
uMargaret Thatcher
Iminyaka Yomgwaqo iDawn (1993)
“Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba ababalisi bamemezele izinombolo, amalungu aphikisayo ayazi ukuthi uhulumeni kaJim Callaghan Wezabasebenzi ulahlekelwe ivoti lawo lokuthenjwa futhi kuzomele abize ukhetho lukazwelonke.
Uma abahloli abane bebuya ukuzofunda amavoti esewonke aqoqwe ezindlini zokungena, amaLungu ePhalamende angabona ukuthi iyiphi inhlangano ewinile ngokwezikhundla zawo maqondana noSomlomo.
Kulokhu, laba bantu ababili abagcina imithetho bathuthela kwesobunxele sikamongameli endaweni evame ukuba “ yiziswebhu ” zikahulumeni (noma amalungu anomthwalo wokusebenzisa iziqubulo zeqembu).
Kuqhume ihlombe nohleko oluvela ezihlalweni zeConservative futhi abalandeli bethu emibukisweni yezibukeli bamemeza ngenjabulo engafanele.
UStephen Hawking
Umlando omfushane wempilo yami (2013)
Inkumbulo yami yokuqala ngisenkulisa eByron House School eHighgate, ngikhala okohlanya. Kuzo zonke izingane, zazidlala ngamathoyizi amahle, futhi ngangifuna ukuzihlanganisa nazo, kodwa ngangineminyaka emibili nengxenye kuphela ubudala. Babeqala ngqa ukungishiya nabantu engingabazi, futhi ngangisaba.
Ngicabanga ukuthi abazali bami bamangala ngendlela engisabela ngayo, ngoba wayeyingane yabo yokuqala, futhi babefunde ezincwadini zokukhulisa izingane ukuthi izingane kufanele zibe sezikulungele ukuqala ukuzijabulisa lapho zineminyaka emibili. Nokho, bangithatha ngemva kwalokho ekuseni okubi futhi abazange bangibuyisele e-Byron House unyaka nengxenye olandelayo.
Ngaleso sikhathi, phakathi nempi futhi ngemva nje kokuphela kwayo, iHighgate kwakuyindawo okwakuhlala kuyo ososayensi abaningi nezifundiswa (kwelinye izwe babezobizwa ngokuthi ongqondongqondo, kodwa amaNgisi awazange avume ukuthi banazo). Bonke laba bazali bathumela izingane zabo e-Byron House School, isikole esithuthuka kakhulu ngesikhathi saso.
Nelson Mandela
Indlela ende eya enkululekweni (1994)
“Abantu base-Afrika babeludinga kakhulu usizo lwezomthetho. Kwakuyicala ukudlula emnyango wabamhlophe bodwa, ukugibela amabhasi abelungu bodwa, ukuphuza emthonjeni wabamhlophe bodwa, noma ukuhamba emgwaqweni wabamhlophe bodwa.
Bekuyicala futhi ukungabi nayo i-passbook, kanye nokusayina okungalungile ebhukwini lokungena okukhulunywa ngalo; kwakuyicala ukungasebenzi kanye nokusebenza endaweni engafanele; kwakuyicala ukuhlala ezindaweni ezithile futhi kuyicala ukungabi nandawo yokuhlala.”
Ukubaluleka
Ama-autobiographies amele umbono womlando kanye nezehlakalo ezihlukahlukene zezenhlalo, zezombusazwe, nezamasiko ezithinta umphakathi ngeso labalingiswa ngokwabo.
Lolu hlobo lwemibhalo lwenza kube lula kumuntu ovamile ovamile womhlaba, ngaphandle kokuhlukanisa, ukwenza izinqumo zawo mayelana nomthelela umhlaba nezimo zawo ezimpilweni zawo, kuyilapho ebonisa indlela ababhekana ngayo nezenzakalo futhi bahlale besendleleni.
I-autobiography iyifa lemibhalo ngayinye enezincazelo ezihlangene ezihlinzeka ngenhlanganisela ehlukahlukene yezimfundiso zolwazi emasikweni ahlukahlukene. Lezi zimfanelo, uma ziboshwe ngendlela efanele, zingadala izinguquko ezidlulele futhi zixazulule izinkinga ezinkulu.
Izinkomba
- I-autobiography njengenhlobo: izindlela ezine zokuxoxa indaba yempilo. (2015). ESpain: Eldiario.es. Kubuyiswe ku-: eldiario.es
- I-Autobiography (S. f.). I-Cuba: Iphephile. Kubuyiswe ku-: ecured.cu
- Méndez, M. L. (2013). I-Biography kanye ne-autobiography. (n/a): Cor ABC. Kubuyiswe ku: abc.com.py
- U-Cáceres Ramírez, O. (2018). I-Autobiography (n/a): Mayelana neSpanishi. Kutholwe ku: aboutespanol.com
- I-autobiography (2018). (n/a): Wikipedia. Ithathwe ku: en.wikipedia.org