I-Emotional Theory of Rationality (ETR) iyipharadaymu entsha efuna ukuqonda umthelela wemizwa enqubweni yokwenza izinqumo. Ngokungafani nezindlela zendabuko ezicabangela ukuhluzeka kwengqondo njengokuzicabangela nje, i-ETR ithi imizwa idlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhekeni kokwahlulela nokukhetha. Kulo mongo, imizwa ibonakala njengemithombo ebalulekile yolwazi engasiza abantu ngabanye ukuba bahlole izimo ngempumelelo kakhudlwana. I-ETR ihlongoza indlela ehlanganisayo ecabangela ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezinqubo ezingokomzwelo nezinengqondo, ehlinzeka ngemininingwane ebalulekile yokuqonda ukuziphatha komuntu.
Izisekelo zobuhlakani bemizwa: thola izinsika ezi-3 ezibalulekile zokuzazi.
Ubuhlakani bomzwelo umqondo oye wazuza ukuvelela okwandayo eminyakeni yamuva, njengoba ubhekisela ekhonweni lokubona, ukuqonda, nokulawula imizwa yomuntu siqu kanye nemizwa yabanye. Ukuze ufinyelele izinga eliphezulu lobuhlakani bemizwa, kubalulekile ukuqonda izinsika ezintathu ezibalulekile zokuzazi.
Insika yokuqala yi ukuqwashisa ngokomzwelo, okuhlanganisa ikhono lokubona nokuqonda imizwa yomuntu siqu. Lokhu kusho ukuqaphela imizwa ephakama ezimweni ezehlukene nokwazi ukuthi iyithinta kanjani imicabango nokuziphatha kwethu. Ukuqwashisa ngokomzwelo kuyisiqalo sokuthuthukisa ubuhlakani bomzwelo, njengoba kungenzeka kuphela ukulawula imizwa lapho umuntu ekwazi ukuyibona.
Insika yesibili yi ukuzilawula ngokomzwelo, okubhekisela ekhonweni lokulawula imizwa nokusabela ngendlela elinganiselayo ezimweni eziyinselele. Lokhu kuhilela ukwazi indlela yokubhekana nokucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, nokukhungatheka ngendlela eyakhayo, ngaphandle kokuvumela imizwelo engafanele ibuse imicabango nezenzo zomuntu. Ukuzithiba ngokomzwelo kubalulekile ekugcineni ukulingana ngokomzwelo nokwenza izinqumo zokugomela.
Insika yesithathu yi uzwela, okuyikhono lokuzibeka ezicathulweni zomunye umuntu nokuqonda imizwelo nezidingo zabo. Uzwela lubalulekile ekwakheni ubudlelwano obunempilo nobukhiqizayo, njengoba lusivumela ukuba siqonde imizwa yabanye futhi senze ngozwela nangokuqonda. Ukuhlakulela uzwela kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ubuhlakani bomzwelo kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuzwana ebudlelwaneni babantu.
Ngokuthuthukisa lawa makhono, ungafinyelela ukulinganisela okukhulu ngokomzwelo, wenze izinqumo ezingcono, futhi wakhe ubudlelwano obunempilo, obukhiqizayo. Ukuhlakanipha kwemizwa kuyikhono elibalulekile lempumelelo yomuntu siqu neyomsebenzi, futhi ukutshala imali ekuzazini kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuyithuthukisa.
Funda izinkolelo-mbono eziyinhloko mayelana nemvelaphi nokusebenza kwemizwa yomuntu.
Kunemibono eminingana efuna ukuchaza umsuka nokusebenza kwemizwelo yomuntu, kusukela ezindleleni zendabuko kuya kuma-paradigms akamuva. Omunye umbono onjalo yi-ETR (Emotional Theory of Rationality), ephakamisa umbono omusha ngemizwa kanye nomthelela wayo ekuziphatheni komuntu.
I-ETR iphakamisa ukuthi imizwa ayinangqondo, njengoba ivame ukubonwa, kodwa kunalokho iyingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo yokwenza izinqumo kanye nokucabangela komuntu. Ngokwalo mbono, imizwa iwulwazi olubalulekile olusisiza ukuba sihlole izimo, sibone izinto eziza kuqala, futhi sikhethe izenzo ezifanele.
Ngokusho kwe-ETR, imizwa ingumphumela wezinqubo zokuqonda eziyinkimbinkimbi ezibandakanya umbono wezisusa, ukuhumusha kwazo, kanye nokuchazwa kwencazelo kuzo. Ngakho-ke, imizwa ayikona nje ukusabela okuzenzakalelayo, kodwa kunalokho izimpendulo eziguquguqukayo ezisiza abantu ukuthi babhekane nemvelo yabo futhi benze izinqumo ngempumelelo kakhudlwana.
Ngokubona ukuhluzeka kwemizwa, singafunda ukuyisebenzisa ngendlela ezuzisa thina, sithuthukise ikhono lethu lokubhekana nezinselele futhi sifinyelele imigomo yethu.
Izimiso ezi-5 zobuhlakani bemizwa namasu okusetshenziswa kwazo okungokoqobo.
I-Emotional Theory of Rationality (ETR) iphakamisa i-paradigm yemizwa entsha egcizelela ukubaluleka kobuhlakani bomzwelo ekuthatheni izinqumo nasekuziphatheni komuntu. Izimiso ezinhlanu zokuhlakanipha ngokomzwelo, ngokusho kwe-ETR, yilezi: ukuzazi, ukuzithiba, uzwela, amakhono omphakathi, nokuphathwa kwemizwelo.
Isimiso sokuqala, ulwazi ngawe, ibhekisela emandleni okubona nokuqonda imizwa yomuntu siqu. Ukuze usebenzise lesi simiso ekusebenzeni, kubalulekile ukuthatha isikhathi sokuzindla ngemizwa nemicabango ephakama ezimeni ezahlukene. Ukuzindla nokuziphendulela kungamasu asebenzayo okuthuthukisa ukuzazi.
Umgomo wesibili, ukuzithiba, kuhilela ikhono lokulawula imizwa nemibono. Isu elisebenzayo lokuthuthukisa ukuzithiba umkhuba wokuphefumula okwaziyo, okusiza ukuthulisa ingqondo futhi uphendule ngokulinganisela ezimweni eziyinselele.
Umgomo wesithathu, uzwela, ibhekisela ekhonweni lokuzibeka esicathulweni somunye umuntu nokuqonda imizwelo yakhe. Ukuze uthuthukise uzwela, kubalulekile ukuzijwayeza ukulalela ngenkuthalo nokuba nesithakazelo esiqotho enhlalakahleni yabanye.
Isimiso sesine, amakhono omphakathi, ibhekisela ekhonweni lokusebenzelana nabanye ngendlela enempilo neyakhayo. Ukuze usebenzise lesi simiso ekusebenzeni, kubalulekile ukuzijwayeza ukuxhumana ngokuqiniseka, ukuxazulula izingxabano, nokusebenzisana.
Isimiso sesihlanu, ukuphathwa kwemizwelo, kuhilela ikhono lokulawula imizwelo yakho ngendlela enempilo. Amasu afana nokusebenza ngokomzimba, ukubhala kokwelapha, nokufuna ukusekelwa ngokomzwelo kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni amakhono okulawula imizwelo.
Ngokusebenzisa izimiso zobuhlakani bomzwelo ekusebenzeni, kungenzeka ukuthuthukisa ukuzazi okukhulu, ukuzithiba, ukuzwelana, amakhono omphakathi, nokuphathwa kwemizwelo, ngaleyo ndlela kukhuthaze inhlalakahle enkulu engokomzwelo kanye nobudlelwane.
Umbono kaVygotsky ngemizwa: ukubaluleka kwayo kanye nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni komuntu.
Ithiyori kaVygotsky yemizwa igqamisa ukubaluleka kwayo ekuthuthukisweni komuntu. Ku-Vygotsky, imizwa idlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni ukuziphatha kanye nokwakha ubudlelwano bomphakathi. Wayekholelwa ukuthi imizwa ithonywa umongo wamasiko nenhlalo umuntu ahlala kuyo nokuthi ibalulekile ekufundeni nasekuthuthukisweni kwamakhono okuqonda.
UVygotsky wagomela ngokuthi imizwa akufanele ihlukaniswe nomcabango ophusile, kodwa kunalokho ihlanganiswe nawo. Wayekholelwa ukuthi imizwa ingaba nomthelela ekucabangeni nasekuthatheni izinqumo, nokuthi ukulawulwa kwemizwelo kubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kobuhlakani kanye nekhono lokuxazulula izinkinga ngempumelelo.
Umbono ka-Vygotsky ngemizwa ube yisisekelo ekuthuthukisweni kwe-Emotional Theory of Rationality (ETR), ipharadigm entsha efuna ukuhlanganisa imizwa ohlelweni lokuthatha izinqumo kanye nokucabanga okuphusile. I-ETR ithi imizwa akufanele ibonwe njengezithiyo ekucabangeni, kodwa njengengxenye ebalulekile yenqubo yokwenza izinqumo.
Ngakho, umbono kaVygotsky ngemizwa ugqamisa ukubaluleka kanye nomthelela wayo ekuthuthukisweni komuntu futhi usebenza njengesisekelo sokuqonda ubudlelwano phakathi kwemizwelo, umcabango, nokuziphatha. Ukuhlanganisa imizwa enqubweni yokuthatha izinqumo kungavula imibono emisha yokuqonda ubuhlakani bomuntu kanye nokuthuthukisa izindlela ezintsha kupsychology nemfundo.
I-ETR (I-Emotional Theory of Rationality): I-paradigm yemizwa entsha
Ngokomlando, imizwa ibilokhu "iyinto engakhululekile" ekuphenyweni kwamakhono okuqonda nokuziphatha komuntu.
Abanye abacwaningi bawachaze ngokuthi “umsindo,” ohlale uphazamisa izinqubo ezibaluleke ngempela njengokunaka, ukuqonda, ukuqwashisa, noma ukwenza izinqumo.
Kungani imizwa ibalulekile ekwelashweni?
Nokho, emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, ukubaluleka kwemizwa kuyakhula , ithola indawo yayo emkhakheni wezengqondo nesayensi yezinzwa. Manje sekuyamukelwa ngokuvamile ukuthi asikwazi ukuqonda ingqondo yomuntu ngobunkimbinkimbi bayo ngaphandle kokucabangela imizwa kanye nobudlelwano bayo namanye amakhono okuphatha.
Nokho, asikabuqondi kahle lobu budlelwano, futhi asinawo amamodeli asivumela ukuthi sikuhlanganise ngokwemvelo.
Lokhu kulinganiselwa olwazini lwethu kubangelwa izici ezimbili eziyinhloko. Esokuqala iqiniso lokuthi okuhlangenwe nakho okungokomzwelo kuyizimo ezicabangelayo ezingenakuhlolwa ngokwesayensi kubo bonke ubunkimbinkimbi bazo; okwesibili isidingo sokusondela ekusebenzeni kwazo ngaphakathi komongo wokuziphendukela kwemvelo, sicabange ubukhona bazo ngaphakathi kwezinhlaka ezisichaze njengohlobo lwezilwane nabantu ngabanye.
I-ETR (I-Emotional Theory of Rationality): kuyini?
Recentemente, ipharadigm entsha ebizwa nge-ETR (I-Emotional Theory of Rationality, Garcés and Finkel 2019) inikeze indlela yoqobo esivumela ukuthi sibhekane nalezi zikhala zolwazi ngombono ohlukile.
Le ndlela entsha isekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi sonke isidalwa esiphilayo, ukuze siphile, singaphansi kochungechunge lwezithiyo ezisiphoqa ukuba sithuthukise ukulingana okucashile phakathi kwamakhono esiwatholayo namandla nezinsiza ezidingekayo ukuze zigcinwe.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi imithetho yemvelo eyisisekelo, kanye nezinqubo zokuziphendukela kwemvelo neziguquguqukayo ezihlala isikhathi eside, zilungiselele isimiso sezinzwa njengendlela elungiselelwe kakhulu yokucubungula ulwazi, okuvumela ukuthuthukiswa kwezimpendulo ezisiza ukusebenzisana okuphumelelayo nokuphumelelayo kwezidalwa eziphilayo nendawo ezungezile, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise amathuba azo okusinda nokuzala.
Njengengxenye yendlela yokuthuthukisa, ngenxa yokungaqiniseki mayelana nezici kanye nesikhathi esisodwa sezisusa umuntu azobhekana nazo, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kuqoke isimiso semizwa njengesibopho sokwenza imisebenzi emithathu eyinhloko:
- Sebenzisa izimpendulo ezizalwa nazo ze i-spectrum ebanzi evumela ukuhlola futhi ibhekane ngokushesha nezisusa ezintsha noma ezingalindelekile okungekho mpendulo yazo ethile.
- Yenza kusebenze amasistimu okuqonda , enesibopho sokusesha nokuthuthukisa izimpendulo ezintsha, kuphela ngokufunwa, ukuthuthukisa isikhathi sokuphendula kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza.
- Hlola ukubaluleka kwezisusa okufanele zixazululwe , ukulungisa ukunaka ukuze kuvunyelwe ukufinyelela okubalulekile kuzinsiza ezithuthuke kakhulu neziyivelakancane, uma kwenzeka ukuncintisana nezinye izinqubo.
Umthelela wawo ezinhlelweni zokucabanga
Ngokusho kwemodeli ye-ETR, isimiso somzwelo sihlala sisebenza futhi silawula ukunakwa, okuyinto, futhi, inesibopho sokulawula nokubeka phambili ukufinyelela kolwazi ezinhlelweni zokuqonda.
Amasistimu okuqonda athuthukisa izimpendulo futhi alungise izimpendulo zemizwa, ngaleyo ndlela agcwalise isakhiwo esiyindilinga, esihambisanayo, esishukumisayo, nesincike komunye nomunye. Ngokwalo modeli, imizwa nokuqonda akuqhudelani, kodwa kunalokho kuyasebenzisana futhi kuyaphelelisana ukuze kuzuzwe indlela esebenza kahle kakhulu yokuxazulula izinselele umuntu abhekana nazo.
Le ndlela entsha ichaza ngokucacile futhi ibeke ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinqubo zemizwa , ukunaka kanye namakhono okuqonda, okubuye kuguqule ukusabela kwemizwelo, ukuvala uhlelo nokuchaza amandla ayo omhlaba.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphakathi kwale pharamitha entsha, imizwa ingaba yinto ethuthukisa ukusebenza kobuchopho, esivumela ukuthi siqonde ukuthi kungani futhi ilawula kanjani ubudlelwano beminye imisebenzi yokuphatha, ibeka amandla okuguquguquka kwayo futhi, kwesinye isikhathi, idala izenzakalo zokuziphatha, kude nombono osungulwe emphakathini, kodwa eduze kakhulu nomgomo wokuziphendukela kwemvelo wokusinda.
Ngokufanayo, imodeli ivula umnyango wokufaka ingxenye ye-somatic, ehlotshaniswa nezimpendulo ezingokomzwelo, njengesisusa esisha esiqala ukucutshungulwa yisistimu, sikhiqize amandla ashukumisayo abangela ukuhlukahluka kakhulu futhi okuyinkimbinkimbi kwengqondo nokuziphatha.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza zale modeli entsha
Le modeli entsha inemithelela ebalulekile ekuchazeni lezi zimo ezingokwengqondo nezokuziphatha ebezingachazwa kuphela kuze kube manje. Kuphinde kusivumele ukuthi sihlonze izici ezithile ezingasiza ukuthuthukisa indlela nokuqonda kwalezi zimo. , ukuba nezicelo ezibalulekile ezindaweni ezifana nezemfundo, ugqozi, ukwenza izinqumo noma ukuchaza ukuziphatha okuthile okungaguquki, phakathi kokunye okuningi.
Ezingeni lenhlangano, le modeli entsha isivele isetshenziselwe ukuthuthukisa amakhono omuntu siqu ahlobene nokujwayela izinguquko, ubuciko kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha, kanye nokwenza ngcono ubudlelwano phakathi kwabantu, ubuholi noma ukwakhiwa kabusha kwezinhlangano ngokwazo.
Izinkomba ze-Bibliographic:
- U-Garcés, M., & Finkel, L. (2019). I-Emotional theory of rationality. I-Frontiers ku-Integrative Neuroscience, i-13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2019.00011