I-microscope iyithuluzi elibalulekile lesayensi nocwaningo emikhakheni eyahlukene, evumela ukubhekwa kwezinto nezinto eziphilayo emazingeni amancane kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuyisisekelo emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, njenge-biology, imithi, i-geology, i-physics, neminye. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukusetshenziswa okuyisithupha okuvame kakhulu kwe-microscope nokuthi kunomthelela kanjani ekuthuthukisweni kolwazi lwesayensi.
Imisebenzi esemqoka yesibonakhulu: thola ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwale mishini yaselabhorethri.
Imakroskopu ayinsizakalo ebalulekile kumalabhorethri ahlukahlukene emikhakheni ehlukene, evumela ukubonakala kwezakhiwo ezincane ebezingeke zibonakale ngeso lenyama. Imisebenzi yabo eyinhloko ihlanganisa:
1. Ukubhekwa kweseli: Enye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu isibonakhulu ukubhekwa kwamangqamuzana, okuvumela ukufundwa kwesakhiwo nokusebenza kwawo.
2. Ukuhlaziywa kwezicubu: Nge-microscope, kungenzeka ukuhlaziya izicubu zebhayoloji ngokuningiliziwe, kuhlonzwe ama-pathologies angenzeka noma ama-anomalies.
3. Ukuhlonzwa kwama-microorganisms: I-microscope ibalulekile ekuboneni amagciwane afana namagciwane, isikhunta namagciwane, esiza ekuxilongeni izifo.
4. Ucwaningo lwesayensi: Emkhakheni wocwaningo, isibonakhulu sisetshenziselwa ukutadisha izenzakalo nezakhiwo ezihlukahlukene ezingeni le-microscopic, elinomthelela entuthukweni yesayensi.
5. Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi: Ezimbonini zemithi nokudla, isibonakhulu sisetshenziselwa ukulawula ikhwalithi, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokusebenza ngempumelelo kwemikhiqizo.
6. Imfundo: Ezikoleni nasemanyuvesi, i-microscope iyithuluzi elibalulekile lokufundisa ibhayoloji nezinye izifundo, okuvumela abafundi ukuthi babone ngokwenza lokho abakufundayo ekilasini.
Lokhu kungezinye zezinto eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswa ngesibonakhulu, esidlala indima ebalulekile emikhakheni eminingana yesayensi nobuchwepheshe.
Thola ukusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene kwesibonakhulu ezindaweni ezahlukene zolwazi lwesayensi.
I-microscope iyithuluzi elibalulekile emikhakheni eminingana yolwazi lwesayensi, evumela ukubonakala kwezakhiwo nezinto eziphilayo ebezingeke zibonakale ngeso lenyama. Funda mayelana nokusetshenziswa okuyisithupha okuvamile kwaleli thuluzi elinamandla.
Ku-biology, i-microscope isetshenziselwa ukubuka amaseli, izicubu, nezinto eziphilayo ezincane. Ngalo, ososayensi bangakwazi ukufunda ukwakheka kwangaphakathi kwamaseli, bahlonze ama-pathologies, futhi baqonde kangcono izinqubo zezinto eziphilayo.
Emikhakheni efana ne-microbiology kanye ne-parasitology, isibonakhulu sibalulekile ekuhlonzeni amagciwane abangela izifo, njengamabhaktheriya, amagciwane, kanye ne-protozoa. Lokhu kubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwemithi nemithi yokugoma.
Kwezokwelapha, isibonakhulu sisetshenziswa ekuhlaziyweni komtholampilo ukuhlonza amangqamuzana omdlavuza, ukuhlola amasampula egazi nezicubu, nokuhlonza izifo ezinjengomalaleveva nesifo sofuba.
Kusayensi yomhlaba, i-microscope isetshenziselwa ukuhlaziya amaminerali, amatshe, nezinsalela. Ivumela ukukhonjwa kwezakhi zamakhemikhali ezikhona kumasampula ejiyoloji kanye nokuqoshwa kosuku kwezinto ngokubhekwa kwezakhiwo ezincane kakhulu.
Ku-physics, i-microscope isetshenziselwa ukubuka izinhlayiya ze-subatomic kanye nezakhiwo ze-nanometric. Lokhu kubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezinto ezintsha kanye nobuchwepheshe ngokusetshenziswa emikhakheni eyahlukene.
Ekugcineni, kukhemistri, isibonakhulu sisetshenziselwa ukuhlaziya ukwakheka kwezinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali, ukuhlonza ukungcola, nokutadisha ukusabela kwamakhemikhali ezingeni lamangqamuzana. Lokhu kunomthelela ekwakhiweni kwemithi emisha, izinto zokwakha, nezinqubo zezimboni.
Njengoba singabona, isibonakhulu sidlala indima ebalulekile emikhakheni eminingana yolwazi lwesayensi, sivumela ukubonakala nokucwaninga kwezakhiwo nezinto eziphilayo ngendlela enemininingwane nenembayo.
Izinhlobo zamamicroscope nokusetshenziswa kwazo ekukhuliseni nasekubukeni amagciwane namaseli.
Izibonakhulu zingamathuluzi abalulekile okukhulisa nokubheka amagciwane namaseli, okuvumela ososayensi ukuba bahlole imininingwane ebingeke ibonakale ngeso lenyama. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zama-microscope, ngayinye enezici zayo kanye nokusetshenziswa okuqondile.
Enye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zamamicroscope isibonakhulu esibonakalayo, esebenzisa ukukhanya okubonakalayo ukukhulisa isithombe samasampuli. Lolu hlobo lwesibonakhulu lusetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni zokucwaninga futhi luvumela ukubhekwa kwamangqamuzana aphilayo nafile. I-electron microscope, ngakolunye uhlangothi, isebenzisa imishayo ye-electron ukuze ikhulise isithombe, ikwazi ukubona ngeso lengqondo izakhiwo ezincane kakhulu kune-optical microscope.
Olunye uhlobo olubalulekile lwesibonakhulu isibonakhulu i-fluorescence microscope, esebenzisa ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet ukukhanyisa amasampula. Lolu hlobo lwesibonakhulu luvame ukusetshenziswa kubhayoloji yamangqamuzana nezifundo zofuzo, okuvumela ukubhekwa kwezakhiwo ezithile zamaseli nge-fluorescence.
Ukwengeza, kukhona ama-microscopes wokungafani kwesigaba, ama-microscopes amnyama, kanye nama-microscopes okuphazamisayo, ngayinye enezinzuzo zayo kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile ekuhloleni ama-microorganisms namaseli.
Ngamafuphi, ama-microscopes angamathuluzi abalulekile okukhulisa nokubheka ama-microorganisms namaseli, okuvumela ososayensi ukuthi bafunde imininingwane emincane futhi bathole okubalulekile kubhayoloji nemithi.
Izindawo zesicelo seMicroscope: ingasetshenziswa kuphi futhi kanjani.
Isibonakhulu siyithuluzi elibalulekile emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yesayensi nobuchwepheshe, evumela ukubonakala kwezakhiwo ezincane ebezingeke zibonakale ngeso lenyama. Kunezicelo ezingenakubalwa ze-microscope, okuyizinto eziyisithupha ezivame kakhulu:
1. Ibhayoloji: Kulabhorethri yebhayoloji, isibonakhulu sisetshenziselwa ukubuka amaseli, izicubu nezinto eziphilayo ezincane, esiza ocwaningweni nasekuxilongweni kwezifo.
2. Umuthi: Kwezokwelapha, isibonakhulu sibalulekile ekuhlaziyeni amasampula egazi, izicubu noketshezi lomzimba, okunikela ekuxilongweni kwezifo nokuqapha ukwelashwa.
3. Ikhemistri: Kulabhorethri yamakhemikhali, isibonakhulu sisetshenziselwa ukuhlaziya ukwakheka kwezinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali, kube lula ukuhlonza izinto kanye nokuqonda ukusabela kwamakhemikhali.
4. I-Geology: Ku-geology, i-microscope isetshenziselwa ukutadisha amaminerali, amadwala nezinsalela, okuvumela ukuhlonza izinto ezihlukahlukene kanye nokuhlaziywa kwezakhiwo zazo.
5. I-Metallurgy: Ezimbonini ze-metallurgical, i-microscope isetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukwakheka kwezinsimbi nama-alloys ensimbi, okusiza ukuthuthukisa izinqubo zokukhiqiza nokulawula ikhwalithi.
6. Ezogesi: Embonini ye-electronics, i-microscope isetshenziselwa ukuhlola izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi, ukukhomba amaphutha nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo efana namasekhethi ahlanganisiwe namabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe.
Ngamafuphi, i-microscope iyithuluzi eliguquguqukayo futhi elibalulekile emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, elinomthelela ocwaningweni, ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha kanye nokwenza ngcono izinga lemikhiqizo nezinqubo emikhakheni eyahlukene.
Isibonakhulu sisetshenziselwa ini? Izindlela ezi-6 ezisetshenziswa kakhulu
I-microscope isetshenziswa ukubuka izinto ezincane kakhulu, ngamalensi, izitholi zokubuka kanye nemisebe yokukhanya eletha noma ekhulisa isithombe sibe usayizi obonakalayo emehlweni omuntu.
Isetshenziswa kakhulu emkhakheni wesayensi njengemithi, isayensi yezitshalo, isayensi ye-forensic, i-electronics, ubunjiniyela, i-physics, njll.
I-microscope iyithuluzi elivumela umuntu obukele ukuthi abone izakhiwo ezincane ezikalini ezifanele ukuhlolwa nokuhlaziywa.
Ngalo mqondo, ingenye yamathuluzi okuxilonga abaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezihlobene ne-bioanalysis kanye ne-bacteriology.
Umqondo wokukhulisa izithombe ngamanzi noma ngengilazi yasebhodleleni wawusuvele waziwa eminyakeni eyizi-4000 edlule ezimpucukweni ezinjengamaGreki, amaRoma, amaShayina, nama-Arabhu. Izibuko kanye nama-monocles kwavela phakathi kuka-1000 no-1300 AD ngokusekelwe kulo mbono.
Kodwa kwakuphakathi nekhulu le-16 nele-17 lapho kwasungulwa khona isibonakude, isibonakude, nesibonakhulu eYurophu. Kusetshenziswa amalensi amaningi agqagqene futhi aqondanisiwe, isithombe sikhuliswe kahle noma sasondezwa eduze kwamehlo omsebenzisi.
Lezi zinto zobuciko zavula izilinganiso ezintsha lapho abantu baqala ukuhlola ngaphandle kwemingcele.
Ngenxa yesibonakhulu, ukuba khona kwamangqamuzana, ama-microorganisms, ama-athomu nama-molecule atholakala futhi kwasungulwa ama-microelectronics.
6 ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kwe-microscope
Nakuba umsebenzi ufana ngokuyisisekelo kunoma iyiphi inkambu lapho isetshenziswa khona, isibonakhulu sidume kakhulu futhi sinezici ezindaweni zokucwaninga kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo:
1.- Imithi kanye ne-bioanalysis
Kwezokwelapha, ososayensi baye basebenzisa leli thuluzi kusukela ekusungulweni kwalo. Laba chwepheshe bangabheka futhi bahlaziye amagciwane—njengamagciwane namagciwane—baqonde indlela asebenza ngayo, futhi bahlole imiphumela yawo empilweni yomuntu.
Lokhu kuvumela ukusebenza kahle okukhulu nokunemba ekuxilongeni izifo nezimbangela zazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakhiwa izindlela zokwelapha zokuvimbela, zokulungisa, nezokwelapha.
Kusetshenziswa isibonakhulu, amasampula ezicubu zomuntu, uketshezi kanye nemfucuza yezinto eziphilayo kuyahlaziywa futhi kufundwe ukuze kutholwe izakhiwo nezingxenye zazo.
Ngaleli thuluzi, kungenzeka ukunquma ukuthi ingabe amangqamuzana esicucu anomdlavuza, izimuncagazi zikamalaleveva zingabonwa zihlasela amangqamuzana egazi abomvu kusampula yegazi, futhi kuyenzeka ukubona ukuthi hlobo luni lwamagciwane akhona kusampula yesitulo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenxa yesibonakhulu, kulokhu, amandla okukhulisa aphezulu (ubuchwepheshe be-laser), amakhemikhali amasha athuthukiswa, asebenza njengesisekelo semithi nezidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ukulwa nezifo eziningi.
2.- Forensic Sciences
Ubufakazi obuningi obuqoqwe ezindaweni zobugebengu bubhekwa ngesibonakhulu. Njengokwezokwelapha, ukuhlaziya izicubu noketshezi olutholakala endaweni yesigameko (noma yiluphi uhlobo) kungenza umehluko ekuxazululeni icala.
Kuvamile futhi ukufunda nge-microscopic amamaki noma imigqa yezinhlamvu ukuze ihlobanise nesikhali esithile.
Ngokufanayo, izinsalela zemicu (indwangu, iphepha), izinwele nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlayiya ezisele endaweni yesehlakalo ziyahlolwa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zibonakala zizincane futhi zingasho lutho kangakanani.
Ukuthola imbangela yokufa kungomunye umsebenzi lapho ososayensi basebenzisa isibonakhulu kakhulu. Ngokufanayo, i-forensic anthropology ihlola izicubu, amathambo, nezinye izinhlobo zezinsalela ukuze kutholakale imikhuba, amasiko nezifo.
Umkhakha wezobunhloli uhlanganisa nocwaningo lwe-epidemiological lokusabalala kwezifo, lapho isibonakhulu sibaluleke kakhulu ekuqapheliseni ukuziphatha kwamabhaktheriya namagciwane ezakhini ezahlukene abantu abasebenzisana nazo (umoya, amanzi, ukudla).
3.- Isayensi yemvelo nomhlaba.
Kusayensi yezitshalo, isayensi yezilwane, kanye nesayensi yezinto eziphilayo ngokuvamile, isibonakhulu sisetshenziswa njengenye yamathuluzi okuhlola, ukutadisha, nokuhlaziya amasampula. Ngokuyinhloko isetshenziselwa ukubuka amasampula ezingeni lamaselula.
Ulwazi mayelana nokwakheka nokusebenza kwazo zonke izinto eziphilayo lusekwakhekeni kwamangqamuzana, amagciwane, nezinye izinto ezincane eziphilayo ezisebenzisana zodwa. Lokhu kuye kwasiza ikakhulukazi ekutholweni okusha kwezinhlobo ezincane kakhulu.
Ngesibonakhulu, ungakwazi ukuqapha isimo sezempilo se-ecosystem ethile, njengamasampula eqhwa asuka echibini, emfudlaneni, phansi ehlathini, noma endaweni yeqhwa.
Ngalo mqondo, isiza ekuboneni izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nokunquma ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo endaweni.
Ezifundweni ze-geological, i-microscope iphinde isetshenziselwe ukubuka ngokucophelela ukwakheka kwenhlabathi namadwala.
Ukutholakala kwamaminerali amasha nezinsimbi ekumbiweni kwenziwe kwaba nokwenzeka ngokuqapha nge-microscopic yezinto ezikhishiwe.
4.- Izinto zobunjiniyela
Enqubweni yokwakha izinto zokwakha ezintsha nezingcono, ukupakisha, izingubo zokugqoka, njll., isibonakhulu sibe yinto ebalulekile.
Ngayo, ochwepheshe benza ukuhlola nokuhlola izimo eziyisisekelo zezinto abafisa ukuzithuthukisa.
Izidingo zempilo yesimanje kanye nobuchwepheshe ziye zadinga ukuthi laba onjiniyela bakhe imikhiqizo eyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe enemisebenzi nezinjongo ezihlukahlukene.
Isibonelo esisodwa ama-nanomaterials amasha asetshenziswa emikhakheni eyahlukene.
5.- Ubunjiniyela Bemishini
Izingxenye ezihilelekile emishinini yesimanje, njengezimoto namarobhothi, ziye zaba zincane kakhulu. Ukuqedwa okufanele kwalezi zinto bekungeke kwenzeke ngaphandle kwesibonakhulu.
Besebenzisa isibonakhulu esinamandla amakhulu, onjiniyela bangahlola izingxenye ezincane namagiya emshinini futhi bathole amaphutha amancane noma ukuphuka.
6.- I-Physics
Emkhakheni we-atomic physics, ukusetshenziswa kwe-microscope kubalulekile futhi kuyadingeka ngempela. Ngaphandle kwayo, umuntu ubengeke akwazi ukubona izinhlayiya eziyisisekelo zalokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-microcosm, njengama-molecule nama-athomu, ngawodwana.
Ukuhlola nokuguqulwa kwezinto ezingeni le-athomu ne-subatomic kungenzeka ngenxa yezibonakhulu ze-laser, isibonakhulu sekhompuyutha noma i-electronic.
7.- Ezogesi
Ngosizo lwe-microscope, ukunemba okukhulu nokunemba kuye kwafinyelelwa ekuthuthukisweni kwamamemori khadi amancane kakhulu, ama-chips nama-processors, akwazi ukusebenzisa ama-transmitter, amakhamera, ama-microphone kanye nezinsiza zokuzwa ubukhulu nobubanzi be-oatmeal.
Izinkomba:
- I-Casey Reader (2017). Yiziphi izimboni ezisebenzisa ama-microscope? I-Bizfluent Grupo Folha Itholwe ku-bizfluent.com
- UBrian J. Ford, uRobert R. Shannon (2016). I-Encyclopædia Britannica. I-Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Kubuyiswe ku-britannica.com
- U-Heba Soffar (2015). Yiziphi ukusetshenziswa kanye nokubaluleka kwama-microscope? Isayensi Ye-inthanethi Itholwe ku-inthanethi-sciences.com
- U-Amelia McDoogleburger (2017). Ukusetshenziswa Kwemakrofoni Ezesayensi. Kutholwe ku-sciencing.com
- I-New York Microscope Co. (2014). Yiziphi ukusetshenziswa kwama-microscopes emikhakheni ehlukene? Kubuyiswe ku-newyorkmicroscopecompany.wordpress.com
- I-Microscope Detective: Izinhlobo zama-microscopes kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo. Kubuyiswe ku-microscope-detective.com