I-Opipramol umuthi we-psychotropic osebenza njenge-antidepressant kanye ne-anxiolytic. Isebenza ngokwandisa ukutholakala kwama-neurotransmitters afana ne-serotonin ne-norepinephrine ebuchosheni, okusiza ukulawula isimo sengqondo nokunciphisa ukukhathazeka. Kodwa-ke, njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, i-Opipramol ingabangela imiphumela emibi, njengokulala, isiyezi, umlomo owomile, nokuphazamiseka kwesisu, phakathi kwabanye. Kubalulekile ukuthi uhlale ulandela izincomo zikadokotela wakho futhi wazise uchwepheshe wakho wezempilo nganoma yikuphi ukusabela okungekuhle.
Ukusabela okubi okuyinhloko ezigulini eziqala ukwelashwa ngama-antidepressants.
I-Opipramol iyi-antidepressant ye-tricyclic esetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukukhathazeka nokucindezeleka. Isebenza ohlelweni lwezinzwa olumaphakathi, ikhulisa amazinga ama-neurotransmitters athile, njenge-serotonin ne-norepinephrine, abambe iqhaza ekulawuleni imizwa nemizwelo.
Njengamanye ama-antidepressants, i-Opipramol ingabangela eminye imiphumela emibi ezigulini eziqala ukwelashwa. Imiphumela emibi eyinhloko ihlanganisa isiyezi, umlomo owomile, ukozela, ukuqunjelwa, ukungaboni kahle, nokukhuluphala. Lezi zimpawu ngokuvamile zithambile futhi zivame ukuncipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba umzimba ujwayelana nemithi.
Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezingavamile, i-Opipramol ingabangela imiphumela emibi kakhulu, efana ne-cardiac arrhythmias, i-seizures, i-serotonin syndrome, ne-hyponatremia. Kubalulekile ukuthi iziguli ziqaphele le miphumela engemihle engaba khona futhi zazise udokotela wazo ngokushesha uma zithola noma yiziphi izimpawu ezingavamile.
Kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi i-Opipramol kufanele isetshenziswe kuphela ngaphansi kwencwadi kadokotela kanye nokuqapha okuvamile ukuze kuqashwe impendulo yokwelashwa nokuvimbela izinkinga ezingaba khona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukugwema ukuyeka ukusebenzisa umuthi kungazelelwe, njengoba lokhu kungase kubangele izimpawu zokuhoxa.
Ngokuqapha okufanele, kungenzeka ukunciphisa ubungozi bezinkinga futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthuthuka okubonakalayo kwezinga lempilo yeziguli.
Imiphumela emibi eyinhloko ebangelwa izidakamizwa ze-psychotropic: okudingeka ukwazi.
I-Opipramol umuthi we-psychotropic osetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukuphazamiseka kokukhathazeka nokucindezeleka. Isebenza ohlelweni lwezinzwa olumaphakathi, ikhulisa amazinga ama-neurotransmitters afana ne-serotonin ne-norepinephrine, ahlotshaniswa nokulawulwa kwemizwa nokulawula imizwelo.
Kodwa-ke, njengezinye izidakamizwa ze-psychotropic, i-Opipramol ingabangela imiphumela emibi eminingana. Ezinye ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa: ukozela, isiyezi, isisindo somzimba, ukuqunjelwa e umlomo owomileLezi zimpawu zingase zibe ncane futhi zinyamalale ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa kwezinye izimo zingaba zimbi kakhulu futhi ziphazamise izinga lempilo yesiguli.
Ukwengeza, i-Opipramol ingase futhi ibangele imiphumela emibi engavamile, njenge ukuphazamiseka kwamathumbu, izinguquko kumfutho wegazi, izinkinga zenhliziyo e i-libido encishisiweKubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi umuntu ngamunye usabela ngendlela ehlukile emuthini, futhi akuzona zonke iziguli eziyoba nemiphumela engemihle efanayo.
Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi isiguli siyazi ngemiphumela emibi engaba khona ye-Opipramol futhi sibike noma yiziphi izimpawu ezingavamile kudokotela okhona. Ukugadwa okufanele kwezokwelapha kanye nokuhambisana nemiyalelo yomuthi kubalulekile ukuze kuncishiswe izingozi nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngempumelelo kokwelashwa.
Umphumela wama-antidepressants emzimbeni womuntu: asebenza kanjani emzimbeni?
Ama-Antidepressants imithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo njengokucindezeleka nokukhathazeka. Basebenza ohlelweni lwezinzwa olumaphakathi, belinganisa amazinga ama-neurotransmitters anesibopho sokulawula imizwa, njenge-serotonin, i-norepinephrine, ne-dopamine.
Omunye wemithi elwa nokucindezeleka ovame kakhulu i-Opipramol, engeyesigaba se-anxiolytic. Isebenza ngokuyinhloko ngokwandisa amazinga e-serotonin ebuchosheni, ikhuthaza umuzwa wenhlalakahle nokuthula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Opipramol iphinde ibe nezindawo zokudambisa kanye ne-anxiolytic, iyenze iphumelele ekwelapheni ukuphazamiseka kokukhathazeka.
Kodwa-ke, njengamanye ama-antidepressants, i-Opipramol ingabangela imiphumela ethile engemihle. Okuvame kakhulu ukozela, umlomo owomile, nokuqunjelwa. Ezinye iziguli zingase futhi zithole isiyezi, isisindo somzimba, kanye nezinguquko ku-libido. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi akuwona wonke umuntu ohlangabezana nale miphumela engemihle, futhi ubukhali bayo bungahluka kuye ngesimo somuntu.
Zibalulekile ekwelapheni ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, kodwa kubalulekile ukulandela iseluleko sezokwelapha njalo futhi uqaphele imiphumela engemihle engase ivele ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.
Imiphumela yama-antidepressants emzimbeni: yini ongayilindela lapho iqala ukusebenza.
I-Opipramol iyi-antidepressant esebenza emzimbeni ukuze ilawule ukukhiqizwa kwama-neurotransmitters anesibopho sokulawula imizwa nemizwelo. Lapho uqala ukwelashwa nge-Opipramol, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi isebenza kanjani kanye nemiphumela engemihle engase ivele.
Uma isiqala ukusebenza, ungazizwa uthuthuka kancane kancane ezimpawu zokucindezeleka nokukhathazeka. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba i-Opipramol isebenza ohlelweni lwezinzwa olumaphakathi, ikhulisa ukutholakala kwama-neurotransmitters afana ne-serotonin ne-norepinephrine, ahlotshaniswa nokuphila kahle nokulinganisela ngokomzwelo.
Futhi, kungase kunciphe imizwa yokudabuka, ukudangala nokunganaki, kanye nekhwalithi yokulala ethuthukisiwe namazinga wamandla. Abantu abaningi nabo bayabika ukuncipha kokukhathazeka nemicabango emibi, okunomthelela ekuthuthukisweni okuphawulekayo kwezinga lempilo.
Nokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela imiphumela engemihle engase ibangelwe yi-Opipramol. Ezinye zezinto ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa ukozela, umlomo owomile, isiyezi, nokukhuluphala.. Ezimweni ezingavamile, izinguquko zesigqi senhliziyo, ukuphazamiseka kwesisu kanye nokungezwani komzimba kungase kwenzeke.
Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho futhi ubike noma yiziphi izimpawu ezingajwayelekile ezivela ngesikhathi sokwelashwa nge-Opipramol. Ngokuqapha okufanele, kuyenzeka uzuze izinzuzo zalesi sinqamuleli sokucindezeleka futhi uthuthukise izinga lempilo yalabo abahlushwa ukuphazamiseka kwemizwelo.
I-Opipramol: ukuthi lesi sidakamizwa sisebenza kanjani nemiphumela yaso emibi
Izindlela zokudabuka okukhulu isikhathi esiningi, ukungakwazi ukujabulela, ukungabi namandla, ukungabi namandla, izinkinga zokulala ngisho nemicabango yokuzibulala ngezinye zezimpawu ezivamile zokucindezeleka noma izimo lapho izimpawu zokucindezeleka zikhona.
Kungenye yezifo zengqondo ezivame kakhulu, ezidala izinga eliphezulu lokuhlupheka futhi zingakhubaza kakhulu.
Nokho, ngenhlanhla, kunemithi eminingi yokwelapha esivumela ukuba silwe nalezi zimpawu, njengokusebenzisa imishanguzo eqeda ukucindezeleka. Futhi nakuba umgomo wamaningi awo ufana—ukulwa nezimpawu zokucindezeleka—angahluka kakhulu endleleni afuna ukufeza ngayo lokhu. Esinye isibonelo salokhu ngendlela engavamile yokwenza i-opipramol , esizokhuluma ngakho kuso sonke lesi sihloko.
Iyini i-opipramol?
I-Opipramol i-antidepressant kanye ne-anxiolytic psychoactive drug , okuthi, ngokushintsha amakhemikhali obuchopho futhi ikakhulukazi amasistimu ama-neurotransmitters athile, alwe nezimpawu ezivamile zeziqephu zokucindezeleka nokukhathazeka.
Ngaphakathi kwaleli qembu elikhulu lezidakamizwa, i-opipramol iyingxenye yeqembu le-tetracyclic antidepressant ezingeni lesakhiwo (empeleni, ezingeni lesakhiwo, lifana kakhulu ne-imipramine), nakuba ukusebenza kwayo kuhluke kakhulu emzimbeni.
Lesi sidakamizwa, esakhiwa ngo-1961 ngu-Schindler no-Blattner, asikakavunywa noma sidayiswe e-United States, kodwa sesivunyelwe futhi sisetshenziswa ezingxenyeni ezithile zeYurophu. Imakethwa ikakhulukazi eJalimane nasePoland.
Kunomphumela we-biphasic, okokuqala kubangele ukwanda kwezinga lokungezwani nokukhathazeka futhi kamuva kukhiqize ukuphakama kwemizwa futhi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuncipha kwezinga lokukhathazeka nokushuba .
Imuncwa ngepheshana lesisu futhi inengxenye yempilo yamahora ayi-6 kuya kwayi-11, igaywa yisibindi futhi ikhishwe yizinso. Itholakala ngendlela yethebhulethi ukuze iphathwe ngomlomo.
- Ungase ube nesithakazelo: ” Izinhlobo zama-antidepressants: izici nemiphumela “
Indlela yokwenza
I-Opipramol iyi-psychopharmaceutical engajwayelekile phakathi kwama-antidepressants ngoba, ngokungafani neningi lawo, ayisekelwe ekusebenzeni kwayo ekuvimbeleni ukutholwa kabusha kwama-monoamine njenge-serotonin (into engabangela ukuthi amazinga e-serotonin anyuke ebuchosheni ngokungaphinde athathwe yi-presynaptic neuron futhi agcinwe esikhaleni se-synaptic).
Kunalokho, i-opipramol isebenza njenge-sigma receptor agonist (okungukuthi, icupha ukwenziwa kusebenze kwama-receptors), axhumene ngokomqondo nokugqugquzelwa kokukhululwa kwe-calcium ion kanye nokuvinjwa kwe-potassium.
Umuthi unomphumela obaluleke kakhulu kuma-receptor we-sigma-1, umsebenzi obhekene nemiphumela ye-antidepressant ye-opipramol lapho ishintshiwe. Yize inobudlelwano obuphansi, iphinde ithinte ama-sigma-2 receptors, ahlotshaniswa kakhulu nemiphumela yawo ye-anxiolytic.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-opipramol inesenzo esibalulekile esiphikisayo nohlelo lwe-histaminergic, ukuze isenzo sayo se-antihistaminergic. ingase ibe nemiphumela yokudambisa futhi ikhiqize imiphumela engemihle . Iphinde ibe nokuhlobana okuncane kwe-dopamine, i-serotonin, futhi kancane kancane kwe-acetylcholine.
Izinkomba eziyinhloko zokwelapha
I-Opipramol ibhekwa njenge-antidepressant kanye ne-atypical anxiolytic. Nakuba ngokuvamile ibhekwa njenge-antidepressant ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo, empeleni inkomba yayo eyinhloko iwukuphazamiseka kokukhathazeka , futhi ikakhulukazi esimweni sokukhathazeka okujwayelekile.
Esinye isibonakaliso esivamile salo muthi, futhi ungomunye we-anxiolytics embalwa evunyelwe wona, ungaphakathi ukwelashwa kwezifo ze-somatomorphic . Kodwa-ke, ibuye isetshenziselwe ekwelapheni ukucindezeleka okukhulu nezinye izifo zokucindezeleka (ikakhulukazi ukucindezeleka kwe-neurotic).
Nakuba ingeyona ingxenye yezinkomba zayo ezigunyaziwe, ukuba wusizo kwayo ekwelapheni izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuwohloka komqondo, izinkinga zengqondo noma i-schizophrenia nayo iye yaphenywa.
Okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-opipramol, kanye neminye imithi ye-psychotropic, kungaholela imiphumela emibi engathandeki kanye/noma ecasulayo (yize ezinye izifundo zibonakala zibonisa lokhu ngezinga elincane ngamanye ama-SSRI).
Phakathi kwazo, izinga eliphezulu lokudambisa, ukukhathala nokozela, ikakhulukazi emasontweni okuqala okusetshenziswa, ikakhulukazi ngomlomo owomile, i-hypotension, isiyezi, ukuthuthumela noma ukugoba, kungase kubangele ukuthuthumela, ukuzuza kwesisindo, izimpawu zocansi ezifana nokungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile noma ukukhishwa okungavamile noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo kanye ne-tachycardia.
Nakuba kancane kancane, kungenzeka ukukhiqiza ubuhlungu bekhanda, i-paresthesia, izinkinga zokuchama, ukuphazamiseka kokunambitha, i-edema, izinkinga zenhliziyo futhi, kwezinye izimo, izimpawu zengqondo, njengokuvela kweziqephu ze-manic kanye nama-hallucinations.
Ukulimala kwesibindi, i-alopecia, ukuquleka, kanye ne-polyneuropathy nakho kuye kwabonwa. Ukweqisa izidakamizwa kungabangela ukuqwasha, i-coma, ukuquleka, ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula, ngisho nokuboshwa kwenhliziyo, phakathi kwezinye izinkinga.
Contraindications
Imiphumela engemihle engase ibe khona yalesi sidakamizwa kanye nomthelela waso emzimbeni ingase isenze sibe yingozi noma siphikisane nabanye abantu. Ngakho-ke, i-contraindication yanoma yimuphi umuntu ongazwani nalo muthi noma izingxenye zawo igqama kuqala.
Enye i-contraindication ebalulekile iyenzeka kulabo ngenhliziyo, izinso noma izinkinga zesibindi Abantu abanesifo sokuwa, abalimele ebuchosheni, noma abangakwazi ukusebenza kahle kwe-cerebrovascular kufanele futhi baqaphe kakhulu futhi bagweme ukuyisebenzisa. Iziguli ezine-glaucoma, izinkinga zomchamo ezifana nokugcinwa komchamo, ileus ekhubazekile (ukukhubazeka kwemisipha yamathumbu), noma i-prostatic hyperplasia kufanele nazo zikugweme.
Iziguli ezine-bipolar disorder kufanele ziqaphele kakhulu , njengoba kuye kwaba nezimo lapho ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kuye kwahlotshaniswa nokuqala kweziqephu ze-manic. Omama abakhulelwe nabancelisayo kufanele futhi bakugweme ukuthatha lesi sidakamizwa, ngoba singadluliselwa kumntwana noma kumntwana ngobisi lwebele.
Kubalulekile gwema ukusebenzisa utshwala , ama-antidepressants e-MAOI noma ezinye izidakamizwa.
Izinkomba ze-Bibliographic:
- Firoz, K., Khaleel, A., Rajmohan, V., Kumar, M., and Raghuram, T. M. (2015). I-Indian J. Psychol. Med. 37 (1): 96-98.
- Gönüllü, Ü., Üner, M., Yener, G., kanye no-Altinkurt, T. (2006). Ukwethulwa kwamaphilisi e-matrix e-opipramol hydrochloride ekhishwa ngokuqhubekayo njengendlela entsha yokwelapha ukuphazamiseka kokucindezeleka. I-Int.J.Biomed.Sci., 2 (4): 337–343.
- Mohapatra, S., Rath, N. M., Agrawal, A. & Verma, J. (2013). I-Opipramol: umuthi omusha. I-Delhi Psychiatry Journal, i-16 (2): 409-411.