"I-Topus Uranus: Isendlalelo kanye Nethiyori" lucwaningo oluphenya umsuka nezici eziyinhloko zomqondo we-Topus Uranus, igama elisetshenziswa kufilosofi nezincwadi ukuze libhekisele endaweni ye-utopian kanye nenhle, ngokuvamile ehlotshaniswa nenkululeko, ubuciko, nokungaziwa. Kulo msebenzi, sihlola imvelaphi yomlando yomqondo, izethulo zawo emasikweni ahlukene, futhi sihlaziye izinkolelo-mbono nezincazelo zamanje zeTopus Uranus. Ngalolu cwaningo, sifuna ukuqonda ukubaluleka nomthelela walo mqondo emphakathini nasekwakheni ukulandisa okusha kanye nama-utopias.
Qonda umqondo we-Uranus topos nokubaluleka kwawo ezinganekwaneni zamaGreki.
I-Topus Uranos ingumqondo obalulekile emlandweni wamaGreki, omelela isibhakabhaka nonkulunkulu owenza samuntu isibhakabhaka ngokwaso. Uranos uthathwa njengowokuqala konkulunkulu bakudala, enguyise kaCronus nomkhulu kaZeus, phakathi kwabanye onkulunkulu. Ukubaluleka kwakhe ezinganekwaneni zamaGreki kuhlobene nethonya lakhe phezu kwezenzakalo zaphezulu nezasemhlabeni, kanye nokumelela kwakhe njengomuntu wendawo yonke nowasezulwini.
Ezinganekwaneni zamaGreki, u-Uranus uvame ukuvezwa njengonkulunkulu onamandla nonamandla obusa isibhakabhaka nakho konke ukubonakaliswa kwaso. Uvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokuzala, ukukhula, nokuhleleka kwendawo yonke. Ukubaluleka kwakhe njenge-a umfanekiso waphezulu kubonakala ezindabeni ezihlukahlukene zezinganekwane ezihilela ukuzalwa kwakhe nokusebenzelana kwakhe nabanye onkulunkulu, njengoGaia, umkakhe kanye nokwenza samuntu komhlaba.
Ubuhlobo phakathi kuka-Uranus noGaia buyisisekelo ekuqondeni izinganekwane zamaGreki, njengoba ndawonye zimelela ukuhlangana phakathi kwezulu nomhlaba, okwaphezulu kanye nokwasemhlabeni. Ukuhlukaniswa kuka-Uranus noGaia nguCronus, indodana yakhe, kufanekisela ukuvela kohlelo olusha lwaphezulu kanye nokuvela kukaZeus njengombusi we-Olympus.
Ngamafuphi, i-topos Uranus idlala indima ebalulekile ezinganekwaneni zamaGreki, engameleli nje kuphela isibhakabhaka nobunkulunkulu bendawo yonke, kodwa futhi nokuhleleka nokuzala. Ukubaluleka kwayo kudlulela ngale kwezindaba zezinganekwane, okunomthelela ekuqondeni kwe-cosmology yamaGreki kanye nombono womhlaba wonke.
I-Topus Uranus: Isendlalelo kanye Nethiyori
I-Uranus ephezulu igama lefilosofi elisetshenziswa uPlato ukuze abhekisele ezweni lemibono. Isazi sefilosofi esingumGreki sahlukanisa phakathi kwezwe elibonakalayo, lapho abantu bephila khona, nomhlaba okutholakala kuwo ukuphila okuhle.
Igama lokuqala lalithi "Hyperuránion Topon," okusho "indawo engale kwamazulu." Kwaba kamuva, phakathi neNkathi Ephakathi, lapho igama elithi "Topus Uranus" laqala ukusetshenziswa ukubhekisela kulo mqondo, nakuba wawuhlobene nenkolo yobuKristu.
Umbono kaPlato, owachazwa ngesingathekiso soMgede, wawuthi umhlaba onengqondo, wezinto ezibonakalayo umane uwukubonakaliswa kwemibono ekhona kuleyo ndawo ngale kwamazulu. Ku-Uranus Topus, noma i-Hyperuranion, yilapho ubukhona beqiniso be-archetypes obuphelele buvezwa khona.
Umphefumulo womuntu awukhumbuli i-Uranus Topus, ngoba, ekuzalweni, ilahlekelwa ubuhle bayo futhi ingena esimweni se-amnesia. Ngalesi sizathu, ingakwazi ukubona kuphela, ngezinzwa zayo, ukubonakaliswa okusabalele kwemibono yasekuqaleni nephelele.
Ingemuva
Omunye wemibuzo emikhulu edingidwa yifilosofi kusukela umsuka wayo ukumiswa komhlaba nokuthi abantu bangawazi kanjani.
Enkathini yangaphambi kwentando yeningi, kwakunemibono eminingana ngale ndaba, abanye bethi akunakwenzeka ukwazi iqiniso futhi abanye bebonisa ukuthi lokho abantu abakucabangayo kuphela okungokoqobo.
UPlato, umfundi kaSocrates, wasungula eyakhe inkolelo-mbono eyayiphikisana neyamaSophists and Sceptics. Umbono wakhe ngezwe, owathonywa uSocrates, uHeraclitus, noPythagoras, wawunemibono emibili. Lokhu kwakusho ukuthi wayehlukanisa phakathi kwezinto ezimbili ezingokoqobo: leyo ehlala abantu kanye nemibono ephelele engabonwa nje kancane.
Lokhu kusho uguquko maqondana nokungabaza okukhulunywe ngakho ngenhla emkhakheni wolwazi kanye nemisinga ethi izinzwa ziqoqa iqiniso njengoba linjalo, ngaphandle kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokufinyelela okungokomoya.
Heraclitus
UPlato wathatha imfundiso kaHeraclius wayivumelanisa nethiyori yakhe yezwe lemibono. Ngakho, wagomela ngokuthi iqiniso elingokoqobo alihlali njalo, kodwa ukuthi yonke into ishintsha njalo.
KuPlato, lokhu kwakusho ukuthi kwakungenakwenzeka ukuthola ulwazi oluyiqiniso lweqiniso elingokoqobo, njengoba izinguquko azizange zikuvumele.
USocrates
Ukubaluleka kukaSocrates emcabangweni kaPlato kubalulekile ekuqondeni umsebenzi wakhe. Ekuqaleni, uPlato waqala ukusakaza umsebenzi kathisha wakhe, kodwa ngokuhamba kweminyaka waqala ukushintsha ezinye zezimfundiso zakhe.
Emkhakheni we-Topus Uranus, noma i-World of Ideas, ushintsho olubaluleke kakhulu kwakuwumqondo kaSocrates walokho okubizwa ngokuthi ama-Eido kaPlato. U-Plato uguqula imiqondo yolimi ibe yimibono ye-ontological. Ngakho-ke, funa ukuphelela kakhulu emibonweni.
Isazi sefilosofi saphetha ngokuthi okuhlangenwe nakho kunengqondo ngakho-ke akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele. Ukuphelela okuphelele kuphela okungafinyelela leli qiniso eliphelele.
Kusukela kulesi sisekelo, uPlato wathi sazi kuphela ngoba umqondo ophelele wento usengqondweni yethu, hhayi ngoba sibona into okukhulunywa ngayo.
AmaSophists namaProtagoras
Ngaphezu kwamathonya uPlato awaqoqa futhi wawafaka embonweni wakhe, kwakunezinhlangano zefilosofi eGreece yasendulo aziphikisa. Phakathi kwabo, amaProtagoras namaSophists avelele.
Umehluko omkhulu ukuthi uPlato wayecabanga ukuthi kwakungenzeka ukuzuza ulwazi, kuyilapho abadlule bengazange bacabange ngalokhu.
Ithiyori
Ithiyori Yemibono
Akunakwenzeka ukuqonda umqondo weTopus Uranus ngaphandle kokuqonda imfundiso kaPlato yemibono. Ngalokhu, izimiso kuphela eziqondwa ngokuhlakanipha, eziqondwa njengenye yamakhono omphefumulo.
Njengoba isazi sefilosofi sabonisa encwadini yaso ethi Phaedo, “lokho ifilosofi ekuhlola ngezinzwa kunengqondo futhi kuyabonakala; futhi lokho ekubonayo ngokwako akubonakali futhi kuqondakala.” Yilo mbono wolwazi lweqiniso awubiza ngokuthi uMcabango.
Lo mbono uyisisekelo sefilosofi yomcabango wamaGreki futhi uthuthukiswa emibhalweni eminingana ehlukene. Ngamafuphi, uphikisa ngokuthi iqiniso lihlukaniswe yaba imihlaba emibili: enengqondo (noma ebonakalayo) kanye nehlakaniphile (noma izwe lemibono).
Okokuqala kungaba yilokho okungabanjwa ngezinzwa. KuPlato, yizwe elishintshayo, elingenalutho elingenakuguqulwa. Ngokulandelayo, umhlaba Wemibono wawuyoba indawo lapho izinto zaphakade nezendawo yonke zitholakala khona, ngaphandle kwesikhathi nendawo. Le mibono yayizohlala endaweni ebizwa ngokuthi i-Topus Uranus.
I-Uranus topus
Njengoba kuphawuliwe, i-Topus Uranus izoba izwe lemibono. Ukubhekana nalokhu, kungaba umhlaba wezinto ezibonakalayo, lapho yonke into ingumfanekiso ophaphathekile walokho okutholakala ku-Topus Uranus.
Izwe eliphathekayo, elinengqondo lingaba ukubukeka nje, kuyilapho izwe lemibono lingaba yiqiniso nokuba khona kwangempela. Ekugcineni, izinkolelo ezimsulwa, ama-archetypes aphelele futhi angunaphakade, azotholakala.
I-Topus Uranus, “indawo engale kwamazulu” (hyperspace totem), yayiyoba ngalé kwesikhathi nendawo. Kule ndawo, imibono izoba ngokulandelana kwezigaba, ukusuka kwelula kakhulu kuye kwephezulu kakhulu.
Umqondo oyisisekelo kungaba owokuhle. Okunye okubalulekile kungaba ubuhle, ubunye, nokuba khona. Esigabeni esiphansi, kuzoba nomqondo wokuphikisa, ongachaza ukunyakaza, ubulungiswa, okuhle kwezepolitiki, nezinombolo ezifanele.
UPlato wabonisa ukuthi, kule hyperuranium, izinkanyezi ezingokoqobo-yasezulwini, umphefumulo we-cosmic kanye nemiphefumulo yabantu izotholakala.
Inkumbulo
Umbuzo olandelayo uPlato awuphakamisa wawumayelana nemiphefumulo yabantu. Ukuvela kwabo emhlabeni onengqondo kwamenza wazibuza ukuthi kungani engakwazi ukukhumbula izwe lemibono lilonke.
Ukubhekana nalolu daba, isazi sefilosofi sakha iTheory of Reminiscence. Ngokwalo mbono, umphefumulo ufika emhlabeni onengqondo ulahlekelwe ubuhle bawo. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi iwele emhlabeni onengqondo futhi ihlupheke ngenxa ye-amnesia.
Ngakho-ke, naphezu kokwazi iQiniso ngaphambili, lapho eseseMhlabeni Onengqondo, akakwazi ukukukhumbula futhi unombono nje walokho okuseMhlabeni Wemibono.
I-Western Middle Ages
Umqondo kaPlato we-hyperuranion wavuselelwa abanye ongqondongqondo eNkathini Ephakathi YaseNtshonalanga. Ngalesi sikhathi, leli gama lalibhalwe ngesiLatini, laziwa ngokuthi iTopus Uranus (indawo yasezulwini).
Ababhali baqala ukuhlonza leli zwe lemibono kaPlato ngomqondo ochaza uNkulunkulu ngale kwamazulu. Kungaba indawo lapho ebusa futhi ebusa khona umhlaba wonke, engumsunguli oyinhloko wokuphila.
Izinkomba
- Ifilosofi kaPlato kanye neTheory of Ideas. Kubuyiswe kufilosofia.mx
- I-Wikiphilosophy: I-Uranus 'Moles kanye Nomphefumulo Ongafi. Kutholwe ku-wifilosofia.net
- Triglia, Adrian. Inganekwane kaPlato Yomgede. Kubuyiswe ku-psicologiaymente.com
- I-Revolvy Hyperuranion Itholwe ku-revolvy.com
- Parthenie, Catalin. Izinganekwane zikaPlato. Kubuyiswe ku-dish.stanford.edu
- Cohen, Marc. Umfanekiso womhume. Kubuyiswe ku-faculty.washington.edu
- Brickhouse, Thomas. Prato (427-347 BCE). Kubuyiswe ku-iep.utm.edu