Ukukhathazeka, imizwa, kanye nokuhlangana ndawonye kuhlobene ngaphakathi futhi kuvame ukubonakala ndawonye emizimbeni nasezingqondweni zabantu. Ukukhathazeka, okuyisimo sokwesaba nokukhathazeka ngokweqile, kungabangela imizwelo ejulile njengokwesaba, ukudabuka, nentukuthelo, yona ingase ibonakale ngokomzimba ngokuhlangana—ukubonakaliswa kwezimpawu zomzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo sezinto eziphilayo. Lokhu kusebenzelana okuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kokukhathazeka, imizwa, kanye nokujwayelana kungase kuthinte kakhulu izinga lempilo yabantu, futhi kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi lezi zakhi zihlobana kanjani ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okuphelele.
Lapho ukukhathazeka kubonakala ngokomzimba: qonda ukuthi ukuhlangana kwenzeka kanjani.
Ukukhathazeka kuwumzwelo ongokwemvelo sonke esiba nawo ngesikhathi esithile ekuphileni kwethu. Nokho, lapho ukukhathazeka kuba ngokwedlulele futhi kuphikelela, kungase kubangele uchungechunge lwezimpawu ezingokomzimba ezithinta ngqo inhlalakahle yethu. I-Somatization inqubo lapho ukukhathazeka kuzibonakalisa khona emzimbeni, okuholela ezimpawu zomzimba ezivame ukwenziwa iphutha njengezifo zomzimba.
Uma sikhathazekile, imizimba yethu ingena esimweni sokuhlala siqaphile, ikhipha ama-hormone okucindezeleka njenge-cortisol ne-adrenaline. La makhemikhali angabangela izimpawu eziningi zomzimba, njengekhanda elibuhlungu, izinhlungu zemisipha, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, isicanucanu, kanye nokuphelelwa umoya. Lezi zimpawu zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu futhi zivame ukuhambisana nomuzwa ojwayelekile wokungaphatheki kahle.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhathazeka kungathinta nohlelo lokuzivikela komzimba, kusenze sibe sengozini enkulu yezifo nezifo. Lokhu kungabangela izimpawu ezifana nokukhathala okungapheli, izinhlungu zomzimba, kanye nokwanda komkhuhlane kanye ne-flu. Ukuguqulwa kokukhathazeka kungaba nzima kakhulu, njengoba izimpawu zomzimba zingaholela emjikelezweni omubi wokukhathazeka nokukhathazeka, okwenza isimo sibe sibi nakakhulu.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukukhathazeka kungabonakala kanjani ngokomzimba nokufuna usizo lochwepheshe uma izimpawu ziqhubeka. Ukwelashwa kokukhathazeka ngokuvamile kuhilela indlela ehlukahlukene, engafaka phakathi ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo, imithi, kanye namasu okuphumula. Ngokubhekana nezici zokukhathazeka ezingokomzwelo nezingokomzimba, kungenzeka ukunciphisa kakhulu izimpawu nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila.
Ukuqonda izimbangela ze-somatization: yini eholela ekuveleni kwalesi simo?
I-Somatization yinto eyinkimbinkimbi ebandakanya ukubonakaliswa kwezimpawu zomzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo sezinto eziphilayo. Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuhlotshaniswa nezinkinga ezingokomzwelo nezingokwengqondo, njengokukhathazeka. Kodwa yini eholela ekuqalekeni kwe-somatization?
Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi i-somatization ayibangelwa into eyodwa, kodwa kunalokho inhlanganisela yezinto. Ukukhathazeka, isibonelo, kungabangela ukuhlangana, njengoba umzimba usabela ekushukumiseni ngokomzwelo ngokomzimba. Uma umuntu ecindezelekile njalo, umzimba wakhe ungase ubonise izimpawu ezinjengokukhanda ikhanda, ubuhlungu bomzimba, izinkinga zesisu, phakathi kwabanye.
Ngaphandle kokukhathazeka, eminye imizwelo ingaba nomthelela ekuqalekeni kwe-somatization. Ukwesaba, ukudabuka, intukuthelo, nokukhungatheka yimizwa okuthi, lapho icindezelwe noma ilawulwa kabi, ibonakale ngokomzimba. Isibonelo, umuntu ongakwazi ukulawula intukuthelo ngokwanele angase abe nezinkinga zesikhumba ezifana ne-eczema noma i-psoriasis.
Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda ubudlelwano phakathi kwemizwa nokuhlangana kubalulekile ekubhekaneni ngempumelelo nalesi simo. Ukwelapha i-somatization akubandakanyi nje ukunciphisa izimpawu zomzimba kuphela kodwa futhi nokubhekana nezinkinga ezingokomzwelo ezicashile. Ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo, isibonelo, kungasiza umuntu ukuthi akhombe futhi aguqule amaphethini okucabanga angasebenzi afaka isandla ekuhlanganeni.
Ngamafuphi, i-somatization yinto eyinkimbinkimbi ehlanganisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwemizwa nomzimba. Ukuqonda izimbangela zale nqubo kubalulekile ekukhuthazeni impilo nokuphila kahle kwabantu abahlushwa izimpawu zomzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo sezinto eziphilayo.
Qonda incazelo yokuhlanganisa imizwa nemizwa emzimbeni womuntu.
Ukukhathazeka kungenye yemizwa evame kakhulu ethinta abantu namuhla. Imvamisa, lapho sihluleka ukuphatha kahle ukukhathazeka, sigcina sihlanganisa le mizwa emizimbeni yethu.
Ukuqonda incazelo yokuhlanganisa imizwa nemizwa emzimbeni womuntu kuyisisekelo empilweni yethu yengqondo neyomzimba. Uma sikhathazekile, isibonelo, singase siphathwe yikhanda, ukuqina kwemisipha, izinkinga zokugaya ukudla, phakathi kwezinye izimpawu.
I-Somatization kwenzeka lapho imizwa nemizwa engacutshungulwanga kahle ingqondo yethu ibonakala emzimbeni. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokucindezeleka okuqhubekayo, ukuhlukumezeka ngokomzwelo, ukukhathazeka ngokweqile, phakathi kwezinye izici.
Kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi i-somatization akuyona nje inkinga yomzimba, kodwa futhi ihlobene ngokuqondile nempilo yethu yengqondo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lochwepheshe ukuze ubhekane nemizwa nemizwa ehlanganiswa emzimbeni.
Ukuze uvimbele ukuhlangana ndawonye, kubalulekile ukuhlanganyela emisebenzini ekhuthaza ukuphila kahle ngokomzwelo, njengokuzindla, ukuvivinya umzimba, ukwelapha, nezinye izinqubo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukunaka izimpawu umzimba wethu osinika zona futhi ufune usizo noma nini lapho kudingeka.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda lobu budlelwano ukuze sinakekele impilo yethu ngendlela ephelele.
Qonda incazelo yokukhathazeka kwengqondo nokuthi kuwuthinta kanjani umzimba nengqondo.
Ukukhathazeka kwengqondo kuwuhlobo lokukhathazeka oluzibonakalisa ngezimpawu zomzimba, njengekhanda elibuhlungu, izinkinga zamathumbu, ukuphefumula, phakathi kokunye, ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile sezinto eziphilayo. Lolu hlobo lokukhathazeka luhlobene nesimo somzwelo somuntu, esibangelwa ukungalingani phakathi kwengqondo nomzimba.
Lapho umuntu ecindezelekile ngokomzwelo, njengokukhathazeka, ukwesaba, noma ukukhathazeka ngokweqile, umzimba ungasabela ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Lokhu kungenxa yokuxhumana phakathi kwengqondo nomzimba, lapho imizwelo ingabangela ukusabela komzimba. Ngalo mqondo, ukukhathazeka kwengqondo kungathinta kokubili umzimba nengqondo, kudala umjikelezo wezimpawu zomzimba nezomzwelo.
Izimpawu zokukhathazeka kwengqondo zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu futhi zivame ukudideka nezinkinga zempilo yomzimba. Kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi ukukhathazeka ngokwengqondo akuyona nje into efiselekayo noma inkinga yengqondo, kodwa kunalokho kuyimpendulo efanelekile yomzimba emizweni. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukufuna usizo kuchwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo ukuze ulawule lolu hlobo lokukhathazeka.
Ukuze ubhekane nokukhathazeka kwengqondo, kubalulekile ukubhekana kokubili izici ezingokomzwelo nezomzimba. Imithi yokwelapha efana nokwelashwa kwengqondo, ukuzindla, ukuvivinya umzimba, nezindlela zokuphumula zingasiza ekusizeni abantu ukuba bakhombe futhi balawule imizwa yabo, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise izimpawu zomzimba.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela nokwelapha lolu hlobo lokukhathazeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe inhlalakahle yomuntu engokomzwelo nangokomzimba.
Ukukhathazeka, imizwa kanye ne-somatization: zihlobene kanjani?
Ukukhathazeka nokuphazamiseka kwemizwelo kunezindlela ezinelukuluku nezinhlobonhlobo zokuvela phambi kwethu, eziningi zazo ezingachazwa njalo njalo, noma ngabe uchwepheshe esitshela kanjalo.
Ikhanda elibuhlungu, ubuhlungu besisu, ubuhlungu bomhlane, ubuhlungu bengalo nemilenze, ubuhlungu bamalunga, ubuhlungu besifuba … Isicanucanu, isiyezi, ukuhlanza, izilonda, isifo sohudo… Ubunzima bokugwinya, ukuphelelwa umoya, izinkinga zokuphefumula, izinkinga zesikhumba, ukushaqeka, ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo… ubumpumputhe, ukungezwa…
Imizimba yethu isabela kanjani ekukhathazekeni?
Ngokunengqondo, lapho imizimba yethu ibonisa ezinye zezinkinga ezishiwo ngenhla, into yokuqala okufanele yenziwe kufanele kube ukuqeda imbangela engokomzimba; kodwa kwenzekani lapho ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kungatholi imbangela yalezi zimpawu?
Kuvamile endaweni esihlala kuyona ukuhlonza umsuka wekhanda elibuhlungu, ukuchotshozeka kwemisipha noma ukukhathala njengemiphumela yokuchayeka komuntu ezingeni elibalulekile lokucindezeleka noma ngenxa yokuwohloka kwemizwa.
Kodwa-ke, kunezinye izimpawu eziningi ezingokomzimba ezingaveza ukuthi umuntu ubhekene nezinga eliphezulu lokukhathazeka noma kungenzeka ukuthi ubhekene nesiqephu sokucindezeleka.
Somatization kanye nezimpawu zabo
Ngokusho kwe-DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders), enye yezincwadi zokuxilonga zomhlaba wonke ezidumile, ezishicilelwe yi-American Psychiatric Association, zonke izimpawu ezichazwe esigabeni esedlule, nokuningi, zingavela etafuleni lesifo se-somatoform , okungukuthi, isifo esibonakala ngokubonakala kwezimpawu zomzimba, kodwa imvelaphi yaso ingekho kunoma yisiphi isifo se-organic, kodwa ibangelwa uchungechunge lwezinkinga zengqondo, ezivezwa ngaphandle kwe-somatically.
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe u-25% kuya ku-75% wokuvakashelwa kodokotela bokunakekelwa okuyinhloko kungenxa yezinkinga ezihlukahlukene ze-somatoform. Kodwa-ke, kuvamile futhi ukuthi eziningi zalezi ziguli zenqabe ukwamukela ukuthi umsuka wokungakhululeki kwabo awutholakali kunoma yisiphi isifo esiphilayo; ngakho-ke, ukunamathela kwabo ekwelashweni ngokuvamile kuphansi.
I-Spanish Society of Psychiatry yathi ngo-2015 izifo ezithinta umzimba womuntu zazivame ukuba ngu-28,8% , zidlulwa kuphela yizifo ezithinta inhliziyo (35,8%) futhi zilandelwa eduze yizinkinga zokukhathazeka (25,6%).
Ukuvimbela ukukhathazeka nokulawula imizwelo
Kubonakala kusobala ukuthi ukuphathwa kokukhathazeka okunganele noma ukushoda ekulawulweni kwemizwelo kungase kube ngaphansi kwe-somatization. Futhi lokhu kubonakala kungobunye bobubi obukhulu besikhathi sethu.
Ngokuvamile, abantu bafunda ukubhekana nokukhungatheka kanye nezenzakalo ezicindezelayo njengoba bekhula futhi beba ngabantu abadala; kusukela besebancane, abafana namantombazane kudingeka babhekane nentuthuko yabo engokomzwelo, inqubo yabo yokuhlalisana nabantu , kanye nokwakheka kobunikazi babo kanye nokuzethemba kwabo.
Ngale ndlela, ufunda ukuthi awukwazi njalo ukuthola lokho okufunayo, ukuthi angikwazi ukwenza engikufunayo ngaso sonke isikhathi, ukuthi kufanele ngihlanganyele izinto engizithandayo, izikhala nezinto, ukuthi kufanele ngenze umzamo wokufeza lokho engikufunayo, okumele ngithembele ukuthi ngingakwazi ukufeza izinhloso zami futhi kancane kancane ngicabanga ukuthi kufanele ngihambisane nesethi yemithetho ebekwe ngokuyinhloko, kodwa ekugcineni ngiqonde ngokuvumelana nabanye abantu lapho ngiphila ngokuvumelana.
Amathuluzi okunqoba izimfuno zokuphila kwansuku zonke
Manje, izithiyo aziveli nje lapho sifunda ukuzigwema, futhi ukukhungatheka akunciphi lapho sifunda ukuzibekezelela; empeleni, ukukhula ngokuvamile kuyindawo enzima egcwele izenzakalo ezicindezelayo, futhi kunezimo eziningi lapho imigomo yethu isengozini noma ingafinyelelwanga.
Uma ukuthuthukiswa kokuziphendukela kwemvelo ezingeni lezenhlalo-ngokomzwelo kusize ukutholwa kwamathuluzi okubhekana nezimo ezicindezelayo nokubekezelela ukukhungatheka (ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi, ukuhlukaniswa komlingani, ukugula okunzima, ingozi yomgwaqo, ukulahlekelwa othandekayo, ubunzima bokulinganisa impilo yomuntu siqu, yobungcweti kanye nomndeni, ukwehluleka ukuhlangabezana nokulindelwe okubalulekile, ubunzima bokuzivumelanisa nezimo eziphuthumayo, ubunzima bokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezintsha, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi badinga usizo olusha, futhi ngezinye izikhathi abantu badinga usizo olusha ...).
Kodwa uma, ngokuphambene nalokho, la mathuluzi engatholakalanga ngaleso sikhathi, ngeke kube khona ikhono lokubekezelela ngempumelelo ukukhungatheka, noma amakhono okuphatha imizwa, ukuze isithiyo sokuqala esikhulu esingase sivele ukukhathazeka, futhi uma lokhu kungalawulwa kahle, kube nomkhuba wokuphunyuka noma ukukhubazeka okuzoholela ekuhluphekeni kwesifo sengqondo.
Ukwelashwa
Ukwelapha izinkinga ze-somatization kunzima ngoba, njengoba siphawulile ngaphambili, abantu abaningi abahlushwa yizo bakholelwa ngokuqinile ukuthi izimpawu zabo, njengoba zingokomzimba, kumele ukuthi zibangelwa ngokomzimba.
Abanye abantu bayanqikaza ukufuna ukungenelela kochwepheshe bezengqondo futhi bagcine bethatha ama-anxiolytics nama-antidepressants njalo, noma ukuya kumayunithi ezinhlungu kaningi; kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi izinkinga zabo azithuthuki, nakuba i-pharmacology inikeza impumuzo yesikhashana.
Kuyacaca ukuthi i-psychotherapy iyindlela ewusizo kakhulu, mhlawumbe ehambisana nokwelashwa kwemithi okusebenza ngezimpawu zomzimba, njengoba kuvumela umuntu ukuthi aqonde ukuthi kungani futhi kungani ukungakhululeki kwabo kwe-somatic kwenzeka lapho kungekho mvelaphi yezinto eziphilayo.
Ukusebenza ngesizathu sokukhathazeka kanye nezikimu zokuqonda ezihilelekile ekuboneni izimo ezicindezelayo kusiza amasu okubhekana nokucindezeleka, amasu okuphumula, namakhono okuphatha imizwa ngempumelelo kakhudlwana, konke okukhuthaza ukuzethemba okuhle. Impela, kudinga umzamo othe xaxa kanye nesikhathi kulabo abaphethwe yi-somatization, kodwa akungabazeki ukuthi ukuthonya imbangela eyisisekelo yezimpawu zomzimba kusebenza kakhulu kunokumane ukwenze kuzo unomphela njengokukhululeka kwesikhashana okungasoze kwayixazulula inkinga yangempela.