Umbuzo wokuthi ingqondo ikuphi uyisihloko senkulumompikiswano enkulu kanye nentshisekelo kufilosofi, isayense yengqondo, kanye nesayensi yezinzwa. Nakuba abanye bephikisana ngokuthi ingqondo itholakala ebuchosheni, abanye baphikisa ngokuthi kuyisenzakalo esidlula umsebenzi we-neural futhi sixhunywe endaweni ebanzi yokuqaphela. Le mpikiswano iphakamisa imibuzo ejulile mayelana nesimo somqondo, ukwazi, nobunjalo bomuntu. Kulo mongo, ukuhlola lapho ingqondo ikhona kungasiholela ekuqondeni okujulile kokuthi singobani nokuthi sisebenza kanjani.
Indawo yomqondo womuntu: imfihlakalo ezoxazululwa isayensi yesimanje.
Indawo yomqondo womuntu: Imfihlakalo ezodalulwa yisayensi yesimanje. Itholakala kuphi ingqondo? Lona umbuzo osekungamakhulu eminyaka uthakazelisa ososayensi nezazi zefilosofi. Ingqondo yomuntu, enesibopho semicabango, imizwa, izinkumbulo, nokwazi, isalokhu iyimpicabadala kwisayensi.
Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi ingqondo etholakala ebuchosheni, isitho esinomthwalo wemfanelo wokulawula yonke imisebenzi yomzimba. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi izingxenye ezahlukene zobuchopho zihilelekile ezinqubweni ezehlukene zengqondo, njengesifunda esingaphambili, esilawula ukuthathwa kwezinqumo, kanye ne-sensory cortex, ecubungula ulwazi lwezinzwa.
Nokho, abanye baphikisa ngokuthi ingqondo ayikwazi ukuba njalo yehliselwe ebuchosheni kuphela. Imibono efana nengqondo enwetshiwe iphakamisa ukuthi ingqondo isatshalaliswa emzimbeni wonke nangaphezulu, ezintweni nasezindaweni ezisizungezile.
A isayensi yezinzwa kuthuthuke ukuqonda kwethu ingqondo, kusetshenziswa amasu afana ne-imaging ye-resonance kazibuthe ukuze kumephu umsebenzi wobuchopho phakathi nemisebenzi ehlukene yokuqonda. Noma kunjalo, umbuzo wendawo yomqondo usaqhubeka nokubekela ososayensi inselele.
Ekugcineni, indawo yomqondo womuntu iseyimpicabadala okusafanele yembulwe. Isayensi yanamuhla iyaqhubeka ihlola lo mbuzo oyinkimbinkimbi, ngethemba lokuthi ngelinye ilanga iyosiqonda ngokugcwele isimo sengqondo.
Umehluko phakathi kobuchopho nengqondo: thola umehluko phakathi kwalezi zingxenye ezimbili zobuntu bethu.
Ukuze uqonde umehluko phakathi kobuchopho nengqondo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ubuchopho yisitho somzimba esingaphakathi kogebhezi, sinesibopho sokulawula imisebenzi yomzimba efana nokuphefumula, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, nokunyakaza kwemisipha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingqondo iwumqondo ongacacile, ohlanganisa imicabango, imizwelo, izinkumbulo, nokwazi.
Iphi i ingqondoNgenkathi ubuchopho bubekwe ngokoqobo ogebhezini, ingqondo ibhekwa njengenqubo engaphatheki eyenzeka ngaphakathi kobuchopho. Ngamanye amazwi, ingqondo ayinayo indawo ethile ebonakalayo, njengoba kuwumphumela wokusebenzelana okuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwama-neurons, ama-neurotransmitters, nezinye izakhiwo zobuchopho.
Iphutha elivamile ukudida ingqondo nengqondo, ucabange ukuthi bayinto efanayo. Kodwa-ke, ingqondo idlula imisebenzi yobuchopho bomzimba, ehlanganisa izici ezinjengokubona, ubuhlakani, kanye nokwenza izinqumo. Ngenkathi ubuchopho bunomthwalo wemfanelo wokucubungula ulwazi kanye nokulawula umzimba, ingqondo iyona esenza sicabange, sizwe, futhi sihlangabezane nomhlaba ngokuzimele.
Ukuqonda lo mehluko kusisiza ukuba siqonde inkimbinkimbi yabantu kanye nokubaluleka kokunakekela imizimba yethu kanye nengqondo yethu.
Ubani olawula ingqondo: ithonya langaphakathi noma langaphandle?
Itholakala kuphi ingqondo? Lona umbuzo oye wathakazelisa izazi zefilosofi, ososayensi nabacwaningi kuwo wonke umlando. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi ingqondo ihlala ebuchosheni, kuyilapho abanye bephikisana ngokuthi ingqondo iyinkimbinkimbi futhi ayikwazi ukuhlala esithweni esisodwa. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyini impendulo yalo mbuzo, kunento eyodwa eqinisekile: ingqondo idlala indima ebalulekile ekuphileni kwethu futhi ithonya izenzo nemicabango yethu.
Kodwa ubani olawula ingqondo: ithonya langaphakathi noma langaphandle? Abanye baphikisa ngokuthi ngokuyinhloko sithonywa izici zangaphakathi, njengemicabango yethu, imizwelo, nokuhlangenwe nakho kwethu kwesikhathi esidlule. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi sithonywa kakhulu izici zangaphandle, njengendawo esiphila kuyo, abantu esisebenzelana nabo, kanye nezimo esibhekana nazo.
Eqinisweni, ingqondo iyinhlanganisela eyinkimbinkimbi yamathonya angaphakathi nangaphandle. Imicabango kanye nemizwelo yethu ingathonywa yizinto esike sabhekana nazo esikhathini esidlule, kodwa nathi singathinteka endaweni esihlala kuyo. Ekugcineni, ukulawula ingqondo kuwukuhlangana okuqhubekayo phakathi kwezinto zangaphakathi nezangaphandle.
Ngakho-ke, asikwazi ukusho ngokuqinisekile ukuthi ithonya langaphakathi noma langaphandle linamandla kakhulu. Okubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ingqondo iyisitho esiyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ukusebenza kwayo kuwumphumela wenhlanganisela yezinto ezimbalwa. Ngokuqonda kangcono indlela ingqondo esebenza ngayo, singafunda ukulawula imicabango nemizwelo yethu futhi senze izinqumo ezinengqondo nezilinganiselayo.
Indawo yokuqaphela emzimbeni womuntu: imfihlakalo okufanele ixazululwe.
Umqondo womuntu ubulokhu uyimfihlakalo ethokozisayo kososayensi nezazi zefilosofi. Ukuphi ngempela ukwazi kutholakala emzimbeni womuntu? Lona umbuzo ongakabi nayo impendulo eqondile. Ingqondo kukholakala ukuthi iwumphumela wokusebenzelana okuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kobuchopho, isimiso sezinzwa, nezinye izitho zomzimba.
Ezinye izazi zikholelwa ukuthi ukwazi kutholakala ebuchosheni, ikakhulukazi endaweni engaphambili. Le ngxenye yobuchopho inesibopho semisebenzi efana nokwenza izinqumo, ukuhlela, nokulawula umfutho. Kodwa-ke, abanye baphikisa ngokuthi ingqondo ayikhawulelwe endaweni eyodwa yobuchopho, kodwa kunalokho isatshalaliswa kuso sonke isitho.
Ngaphandle kobuchopho, inhliziyo nayo ivame ukuhlotshaniswa nokuqaphela. Inkulumo ethi “landela inhliziyo yakho” isikisela ukuthi inhliziyo ingase ibe isizinda semizwelo nengqondo. Nokho, le nkolelo ayisekelwa isayensi, ekhomba ubuchopho njengesitho esiyinhloko esinomthwalo wemfanelo wokwazi nokucabanga okunengqondo.
Umqondo uyinto eyinkimbinkimbi futhi enezici eziningi, ehlanganisa uchungechunge lwezinqubo zokuqonda nemizwa. Kuningi okusazotholakala mayelana nesimo somqondo womuntu kanye nobudlelwano bawo nomzimba.
Itholakala kuphi ingqondo?
Ezingxoxweni zethu zansuku zonke, kwenzeka kaningi ukuthi uma sifuna ukukhuluma “ngengqikithi” yabantu, sigcine sesikhuluma ngezingqondo zabo.
Ifilimu (Martín Hache), ngokwesibonelo, yandisa esinye sezimemezelo esiwuveza kangcono lo mbono osetshenziswa ekuheheni: okuthakazelisayo akuyona imizimba ngokwayo, kodwa isici sobuhlakani bomuntu, into efana ne-psyche yabo. Kwezinye izimo, sicabanga ukuthi, nakuba ukuhamba kweminyaka kushintsha indlela esibukeka ngayo, kunokuthile okuhlala kucishe kufane, futhi lowo mqondo, osikhomba njengabantu abacabangayo.
Manje… Ingabe kukhona esikwaziyo ngalokho esikubiza ngokuthi ingqondo? Itholakala kuphi ekuqaleni? Lona ngumbuzo onzima futhi osiholela ekutheni senze ukucabanga okuvusa inkanuko.
- Ungase ube nesithakazelo kulokhu: “I-Mentalism in psychology, ukukholelwa emphefumulweni nokuthi kungani kuyinkinga”
Indawo yomqondo emzimbeni
Kudlula amashumi eminyaka emlandweni wezokusebenza kwengqondo nesayensi yezinzwa, kodwa namanje asikakabeki indawo ethile engqondweni; Kakhulu, ubuchopho buyiqoqo lezitho esizisho, ngokungaqondile, leli khono lokugcina impilo yengqondo Kodwa ingabe lokhu kuyaphumelela? Ukuze siqonde, ake sibuyele emuva emsuka wombuzo wokuthi ukuphi umqondo.
Ithiyori kaDescartes yama-dualist mhlawumbe ingumzamo wokuqala omkhulu emlandweni wesintu wokuthola impilo yengqondo ngaphakathi kwemvelo yomuntu: umFulentshi uhlongoze indlala kaphayini njengesakhiwo semicabango yethu ephumayo. Manje, sonke isakhiwo somqondo sabhidlika ngesikhathi siphika ukuthi kungenzeka umphefumulo. Akumangalisi ukuthi uDescartes wayengummeli oqinile wokuhlukaniswa phakathi komzimba nomoya, into engasekelwe ngokwesayensi.
Kodwa, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi imibono kaDescartes inqatshelwe ngokwesayensi yamanje, sivame ukucabanga ukuthi kulungile ukucabanga njengalesi sefilosofi, nakuba. ukushintsha umqondo womphefumulo kulowo wengqondo Abantu banokuthambekela okungokwemvelo kokudala izigaba zanoma yisiphi isenzakalo nendwangu yeqiniso, yingakho sikholelwa ukuthi kukhona okuthiwa "ingqondo," okuphuma kuyo yonke imicabango, imizwa, izinqumo, nokunye. Futhi ngokunikeza indawo kulowo mthombo lapho wonke umqondo wengqondo uvela khona, sikhetha ubuchopho, njengoba kwenza uDescartes.
- Ungase ube nentshisekelo kulokhu: ” I-Dualism in Psychology “
Umqondo ongaphezu kwengqondo
Njengoba sesibonile, sinokuthambekela okungokwemvelo kokukholelwa ukuthi izingqondo zisemakhanda ethu, beshayela imizimba yethu sengathi bangamadoda amancane Ngokulandelayo, ososayensi abaningi, kokubili ku-psychology ne-neuroscience, bacabanga ukuthi ingqondo itholakala engxenyeni ethile yomzimba. Isibonelo, ingxenye engaphambili ivame ukunikezwa ukubaluleka okukhulu, njengoba le ngxenye yobuchopho idlala indima ebalulekile ekuthathweni kwezinqumo nasekuqaliseni ukunyakaza.
Abanye abacwaningi benze okuphambene, bahlobanisa ingqondo nezikhala ezinkulu. Ngaphandle kwamathiyori angama-pseudoscientific akhuluma ngezingqondo ze-cosmic ezigcina izinkumbulo zokuphila kwesikhathi esidlule, kukhona abanye abasekeli bombono wokuthi ingqondo ikhona ngale kwesimiso sezinzwa. Isibonelo, ngokusekelwe emfundisweni yengqondo ehlanganisiwe, izikhundla nokunyakaza komzimba, kanye nezisusa ezizithathayo, kuthathwa njengengxenye yempilo yengqondo, njengoba kubeka lokho esikucabangayo nesikuzwayo.
Ngokwesinye isandla, ababhali abafana no-Andy Clark, abasekeli bethiyori yengqondo eyandisiwe , bakholelwa ukuthi kudlulela ngalé kwemizimba yabantu ngabanye futhi kuhlanganisa nendawo esisebenzelana nayo, njengoba lezi zakhi zangaphandle nezingxenye zomzimba wethu zibalulekile ukuze ingqondo iziphathe ngendlela eyenza lapha namanje. Amakhompyutha, isibonelo, izindawo lapho sigcina khona ulwazi, futhi indlela yethu yokusebenza isivele iwahlanganisa ngokugcwele njengengxenye yenkumbulo enwetshiwe.
Umbuzo obalulekile: ingabe ingqondo ikhona?
Kuze kube manje, sibonile imizamo yokuthola ingqondo, kodwa ukubuza ukuthi ingqondo ikuphi kudinga, okokuqala, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kunezizathu ezanele zokucabangela ukuthi ikhona.
Izazi zezengqondo zokuziphatha ziye zabonakala ngokuqondile ngokwenqaba ukuba khona kwento ebizwa ngokuthi ingqondo. ...noma okungenani eyodwa engatholakala ndawana thize. Njengoba nje ukuhamba kwesitimela noma imali esinayo ku-akhawunti yethu yasebhange kungenakuqondwa njengokuthile okulinganiselwe endaweni eyodwa, kuyafana nangengqondo.
Kulo mbono, ukukholelwa ukuthi ingqondo iyinto efana nento noma isihloko kuwumphumela wokuwela ogibeni lomqondo. Ingqondo ayiyona into, iyinqubo; iqoqo lezimo ezinengqondo lapho zinikezwa uchungechunge lwezimpendulo ku-stimu. Yilapho umqondo we-mereological fallacy uvela khona, ukuthambekela kokukhomba indawo (kithi, ngokuvamile ubuchopho) into ebonakala ngesethi yezinguquko.
Futhi uma okuthile kubonisa okuhlangenwe nakho kwethu nendlela yethu yokuziphatha, kwenzeka njalo ezimweni ezahlukene. Njengoba nje intwasahlobo ingatholakali endaweni ethile noma ezweni, lokho esikubiza ngokuthi ingqondo akufanele kuqondwe njengebizo.
Umbono wokuthi ingqondo ayikho ungase ubonakale uvusa inkanuko, kodwa akulona iqiniso elingaphansi ukuthi sicabanga ukuthi ukhona njengemfundiso, ngaphandle kokuma ukuze sicabangele ukuthi kuyiqiniso yini ngempela. Okucacayo wukuthi lesi yisihloko osekukhulunywe ngaso kakhulu. UCABANGANI?