Iphrofayili yengqondo yomuntu ohlasela isilwane ingabonakala ngezici ezimbalwa ezisiza ukuqonda ukuziphatha okunolaka kwezilwane ezithile. Lezi zici zifaka phakathi indawo, ukubusa, ukwesaba, ubuhlungu, ukukhungatheka, ukuntuleka kokuhlalisana kwabantu, kanye nokuzalana. Ngayinye yalezi zimpawu idlala indima ebalulekile ekuqondeni ukuziphatha okunolaka ezilwaneni nasekufuneni amasu okuvimbela nokungenelela.
Iphrofayili yomhlukumezi: obani abanecala lodlame futhi benza kanjani?
Iphrofayili yengqondo yomhlukumezi wezilwane iyinkimbinkimbi futhi ingabonakala ngezici ezimbalwa ezithile. Ngokuvamile, labo ababangela ubudlova ezilwaneni babonisa izici ezithile zobuntu ezibenza bathambekele ezenzweni ezinonya nezihlukumezayo. Ngezansi, sibala izici eziyisikhombisa ezivamile zalolu hlobo lomhlukumezi:
1. Ukuntuleka kozwela: Ngokuvamile, umuntu ohlukumeza isilwane akakwazi ukuzibeka endaweni yesilwane futhi aqonde ubuhlungu nokuhlupheka ezikubangelayo.
2. Ukuxhaphaza: Abanye abahlaseli bangochwepheshe ekuphatheni izimo kanye nabantu ababazungezile, bethethelela izenzo zabo zobudlova.
3. Ukungacabangi: Ubudlova obubhekiswe ezilwaneni buvame ukuba umphumela wezifiso ezingalawuleki kanye nokuntuleka kokuzithiba.
4. Ukungahloniphi impilo: Umuntu oxhaphaza izilwane ngokuvamile akazibaluli izimpilo zezilwane futhi uzibheka njengezinto ezilahlwayo.
5. Izinkinga zokulawula imizwa: Abantu abanenkinga yokulawula imizwa yabo bangase bakhiphe intukuthelo nokukhungatheka kwabo ezilwaneni.
6. Umlando wokuhlukunyezwa: Ngokuvamile, abahlukumezi bezilwane banomlando wokuhlukunyezwa nobudlova empilweni yabo, bephinda la maphethini maqondana nezilwane.
7. Ukuzihlukanisa nabantu: Abantu abenza ubudlova ezilwaneni bavame ukuhlukaniswa nabantu futhi banenkinga yokwakha ubudlelwano obuhle.
Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqonda iphrofayili yabahlukumezi bezilwane ukuze kuvinjelwe futhi kuliwe nodlame olubhekiswe ezilwaneni. Imfundo, ukuqwashisa, kanye nokujeziswa okufanele kubalulekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuvikelwa kanye nokuphila kahle kwezilwane emphakathini wethu.
Yiziphi izigaba zabahlaseli ezikhona?
Lapho sifunda iphrofayili yengqondo yabahlukumezi bezilwane, singakwazi ukuhlonza izici eziyisikhombisa eziyinhloko ezichaza izigaba zabahlaseli. Laba bantu bangahlukaniswa ngokuya ngokuziphatha kwabo nezisusa zabo, okuvumela ukuqonda kangcono amaphethini abo odlame.
1. Abantu abaphatha kabi ingqondo: Laba bangabahlaseli ababonisa ukungabi nazwelo nokuzisola ngokuphelele ngezenzo zabo. Bangase benze ngokuphamazela futhi ngaphandle kokucabangela imiphumela yezenzo zabo.
2. Abahlukumezi: Lolu hlobo lomhlukumezi luvame ukusebenzisa ubudlova njengendlela yokulawula nokusebenzisa amandla phezu kwesilwane. Bangase bathethelele izenzo zabo njengendlela yokujezisa noma yokujezisa.
3. Ukungazinzi ngokomzwelo: Laba bahlukumezi bangase babe nobunzima bokulawula imizwa yabo futhi bagcine bekhiphela intukuthelo noma ukukhungatheka kwabo ezilwaneni ngendlela enobudlova.
4. Abantu abanezinkinga zengqondo: Abanye abahlukumezi bangase babe nezinkinga zengqondo ezibaholela ekuphatheni izilwane ngobudlova nangonya.
5. Labo abenza ubudlova ukuze bazijabulise: Kukhona nalabo abenza ubudlova ukuze bazijabulise noma bajabulele ukubangela ukuhlupheka ezilwaneni.
6. Abantu abanomlando wokuhlukunyezwa: Abantu abaye baba yizisulu zokuhlukunyezwa noma ubudlova bangase baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baziphatha ngezilwane, okubangela umjikelezo wobudlova.
7. Ukungakhathali ngenhlalakahle yezilwane: Okokugcina, kukhona abahlukumezi abangenandaba nokuhlupheka kwezilwane futhi abaziphatha ngokunganaki nangonya.
Ukuhlonza lezi zigaba zabahlaseli kungabaluleka kakhulu ekuvimbeleni amacala odlame olubhekiswe ezilwaneni kanye nokuqwashisa ngokubaluleka kwenhlalakahle yabalingani bethu abanemilenze emine.
Kungani abanye abantu bephatha kabi izilwane?
Kunezizathu ezimbalwa zokuthi kungani abanye abantu baphatha kabi izilwane, futhi esinye sezici eziyinhloko sihlobene nesimo sengqondo somhlaseli. Isayikholoji ebangela ukuziphatha kodlame ezilwaneni ingaveza izici ezithile ezinomthelela kulolu hlobo lokuziphatha.
Iphrofayili yengqondo yomuntu ohlasela isilwane:
1. Ukunciphisa uzwela: Abantu abaphatha kabi izilwane bavame ukukhombisa ukungabi nazwela, ubunzima bokuzibeka endaweni yesinye nokuqonda ukuhlupheka kwesilwane.
2. Ukubusa nokulawula: Umhlukumezi ufuna ukusebenzisa amandla nokulawula isilwane, esebenzisa ubudlova njengendlela yokubonisa ukuphakama kwaso.
3. Izinkinga zentukuthelo: Abantu abanenkinga yokulawula intukuthelo nokukhungatheka bangase bakhiphe le mizwa ezilwaneni, bayisebenzise njengezisulu zokuhlasela kwabo.
4. Izinkinga zokuzethemba: Ukuzethemba okuphansi kanye nemizwa yokuzenyeza kungabangela umhlukumezi ukuba afune umuzwa wamandla ngobudlova obubhekiswe ezilwaneni.
5. Umlando wokuhlukunyezwa: Abantu ababe yizisulu zokuhlukunyezwa ngokomzimba noma ngokomzwelo ebuntwaneni bangase baphinde baveze lezi zindlela zokuziphatha lapho bephatha kabi izilwane.
6. Izifo zengqondo: Ezinye izifo zengqondo, njenge-sociopathy noma i-psychopathy, zingabangela umuntu ukuba enze ngonya nangokungazweli ezilwaneni.
7. Ukungazweli: Ukuchayeka njalo ebudloveni nasebudloveni kungaholela ekungazwelini komhlukumezi, kumenze angazweli kangako ekuhluphekeni kwezilwane.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukuxhashazwa kwezilwane kuhlobene nezinkinga ezingokwengqondo eziyinkimbinkimbi, nokuthi kubalulekile ukufuna ukuvimbela nokungenelela ukuze kuvikelwe izilwane futhi kuthuthukiswe inhlalakahle yazo zonke izinto eziphilayo. Imfundo, ukuqwashisa, nesijeziso esifanele kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile zokulwa nalolu hlobo lodlame.
Izizathu zobugebengu obubhekiswe ezilwaneni: yini eyenza abantu benze kanje?
Ubugebengu obubhekiswe ezilwaneni buyizenzo ezinonya nezingenabuntu ngeshwa ezenzeka njalo emphakathini wethu. Siyaye sizibuze ukuthi yini eyenza umuntu enze lezi zenzo nokuthi uyini umbono womhlukumezi wezilwane ngokwengqondo. Kunezizathu eziningana ezibangela lobu bugebengu, ezingahlaziywa ngokusebenzisa izici ezivamile zabenzi bobubi.
1. Unya
Esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko ezenza kube nobugebengu ezilwaneni unya. Abantu abenza lezi zenzo ngokuvamile bayakujabulela ukubangela ukuhlupheka ezilwaneni, babonise ukungabi naluzwela nozwela.
2. Udlame
Udlame ngesinye isici esikhona kubahlukumezi bezilwane. Laba bantu bavame ukuba nomlando wolaka nokuziphatha okunodlame futhi bangase babonise izimpawu zepsychopathy.
3. Ukulawula
Isifiso sokulawula izilwane siyisisusa esivamile phakathi kwabahlukumezi. Babheka izilwane njengezinto abangasebenzisa amandla negunya phezu kwazo, besebenzisa ubudlova njengendlela yokuphoqelela intando yabo.
4. Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo
Abanye abahlukumezi bezilwane bangase baphathwe ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, okufana nokuphazamiseka kobuntu okungahambisani nenhlalo noma okunemingcele, okunomthelela ekuziphatheni kwabo okunobudlova nonya.
5. Umlando wokuhlukunyezwa
Abantu abanomlando wokuhlukunyezwa nokuhlukumezeka kwasebuntwaneni banamathuba amaningi okuthi benze ubugebengu ezilwaneni, baphindaphinde izindlela zokuziphatha ezifundwe entsheni.
6. Ukubusa nokuzithoba
Kwabanye abahlaseli, isenzo sokuphatha kabi isilwane siyindlela yokubonisa amandla nokuphakama kwaso, ukuqinisa ukuzethemba kwabo ngokuhambisa isilwane esingakwazi ukuzivikela.
7. Ukungabi bikho kwesijeziso
Okokugcina, ukuntuleka kwesijeziso noma imithetho esebenzayo yokuvikela izilwane kungakhuthaza abahlaseli ukuba benze ubugebengu obuningi, njengoba bezizwa bengajeziswa futhi bengenamiphumela ngezenzo zabo.
Kafushane, iphrofayili yengqondo yomhlukumezi wezilwane iyinkimbinkimbi futhi inezici eziningi, ezibandakanya uchungechunge lwezinto ezinomthelela ekuziphatheni kwabo okunobudlova nonya. Kubalulekile ukuhlonza lezi zici kanye nezisusa zokuvimbela kanye nokulwa nobugebengu obubhekiswe ezilwaneni emphakathini wethu.
Iphrofayili yengqondo yomuntu ohlasela isilwane, ngezici eziyisi-7
Ukuhlukunyezwa kwezilwane kuyisenzakalo esikhona ngezikhathi ezithile emphakathini wethu, ngoba udinga kuphela ukubheka ezinkundleni zokuxhumana ukuze uqaphele ukuthi kunabantu abaningi abalimazayo, abahlukumezayo futhi babangele ubuhlungu ezilwaneni ezingenakuzivikela.
Futhi nakuba abantu abaningi bethukuthele ngalolu hlobo lokuziphatha, lolu nya olubhekiswe ezilwaneni alugxekwa njalo ngumphakathi wethu . Bheka nje isifiso esivuswa ukulwa kwezinkunzi noma ezinye izinto zamasiko ezifana " nenkunzi yomlilo ".
Kulezi zimo zakamuva, izenzakalo zethonya leqembu ziwujuqu, kodwa kwezinye, ikakhulukazi lezo lapho abantu bebodwa, izici ezimbalwa zivelele ebuntwini bomhlaseli wesilwane. Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngalesi sihloko futhi sijule ezicini ezingokwengqondo zalezi zinhlobo zabahlaseli.
Izizathu zokuhlukunyezwa kwezilwane
Ngeshwa, amacala okuhlukunyezwa kwezilwane ayaqhubeka nokuvela emhlabeni wonke , futhi lokhu akumangazi, ngoba abantu bayakwazi ukuziphatha okubi nokunonya. Kodwa... yini engase idlule ezingqondweni zalaba bantu ebaholela ekuziphatheni ngonya kangaka ezinjeni, emakati, nakwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane?
Yilokhu u-Alan Felthous, udokotela wengqondo owayehola ucwaningo lokunquma izizathu ezenza umuntu abe umhlukumezi wezilwane, aphetha. Ngokocwaningo lwakhe, izisusa eziyinhloko yilezi:
- Faka ukukhungatheka ezilwaneni futhi uzisebenzise njengezimbuzi
- Bonisa amandla negunya
- Ukufundisa Shipping
- Faka ukwesaba
- Ukulimaza njengendlela yokuzijabulisa
- Kujabulele ukubona omunye ehlupheka
- Njengengxenye yombukiso nokubheja: izinkunzi, ukulwa kwezinja, imikhosi yesintu
Izinhlobo zokuhlukunyezwa kwezilwane
Ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuthi ezimweni ezingu-30% ukuhlukunyezwa kwezilwane kwenziwa yintsha , futhi abahlukumezi bezilwane bavame ukuba ngabahlukumezi emindenini yabo esikhathini esizayo: banamathuba aphindwe kahlanu okuba njalo. Manje, kunezindlela ezimbili zokuphatha kabi izilwane: ngokuqondile nangokungaqondile.
Ukuhlukumeza okuqondile yilapho umuntu enza uchungechunge lwezenzo ezihloselwe ukulimaza isilwane ngaleso sikhathi, isibonelo, ngokusishaya noma ukusihlukumeza. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuhlukunyezwa kwezilwane okungaqondile kwenzeka lapho umhlukumezi ehluleka ukunikeza ukunakekelwa okudingekayo ngenhlalakahle yesilwane. Isibonelo, ukuncisha isilwane ukudla.
Abanye ababhali bahlukanisa phakathi kokuhlukumeza okusebenzayo nokungenzi lutho. Okwakuqala kwenzeka lapho umhlaseli eziphatha ngendlela ewuchungechunge ukuze alimaze isilwane (ukuklinywa, ukukhahlela, njll.), bese kuthi kamuva lapho umuntu ephatha kabi isilwane ngenxa yezinye izizathu, njengokulahlwa, ukunganakwa kwenhlanzeko, ukuxhashazwa kwezohwebo, ukulwa nezinja, njll.
Iphrofayili yengqondo yomuntu ohlasela isilwane
Emigqeni elandelayo, ungathola uhlu lwezimpawu eziboniswa abantu abahlukumeza izilwane.
1. Ukuntula uzwela nokuzisola
Akunakwenzeka ukuba umuntu ohlukumezayo lapho abantu bekwazi ukuzifaka ezicathulweni zabanye futhi baqonde ukuhlupheka ababhekene nakho. Abantu abanonya ezilwaneni futhi bazijezise ngesihluku abanandaba nobuhlungu nokuhlupheka kwazo.
Ukuntuleka kozwela kuyisici esiboniswa ngabahlukumezi bezilwane kuphela, kodwa futhi sikhona kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lomhlukumezi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abahlukumezi bezilwane abazisoli ngezenzo zabo noma bazigxeke futhi bavame ukwandisa lolu hlobo lokuziphatha kwabanye abantu, isibonelo, izingane zabo.
2. Ubuntu obungahlali nabantu
Ubuntu obungahambisani nomphakathi bubonakala ngokuthi umuntu owethulayo uvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokuziphatha okuphambene nenkambiso yomphakathi kanye nomthetho, futhi angawanaki amalungelo abanye avuna awabo.
Ucwaningo olwanyatheliswa kuyi- Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and Law ngo-2002 lwathola ukuthi abantu abahlukumeza izilwane bavame ukuba nokuphazamiseka kobuntu obungahambisani nabantu , izici ezingahambisani nabantu, kanye nokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa (uma kwenzeka kubantu abadala). Ucwaningo olufanayo lubonisa ukuthi ingxenye yabantu abanalolu hlobo lobuntu iziphatha ngendlela enonya, futhi uma benza izenzo ezinjalo ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-10, isibikezelo siba sibi kakhulu, okuhlanganisa nokwenza ubugebengu.
3. Ukuntula imfundo efanele
Ubuntwana buyisigaba esibalulekile empilweni, futhi izitayela zokukhulisa izingane zabazali zithonya kakhulu ukukhula kwezingane njengabantu ngabanye kanye nezidalwa zomphakathi. Abantu abaningi abahlukumeza izilwane (nakuba kungebona bonke) ngabantu abakhulela emindenini noma ezindaweni lapho kukhula khona ukuziphatha kobudlova, ngezinye izikhathi okuqondiswe kwabasengozini kakhulu (asebekhulile, abesifazane, izingane, nezilwane ezifuywayo). Njengoba bephile nalokhu kuziphatha kusukela ebuntwaneni, imiphumela yako emibi ibhekwa njengento evamile.
4. Ukugqugquzelwa udlame
Ezinye izifundo zibonisa nokuthi laba bantu bathambekele ebudloveni futhi bazizwa beshukunyiswa yibo . Ngakho-ke, ingxenye yabahlukumezi bezilwane, ikakhulukazi abasebasha, ngokuvamile babona ukuhlukunyezwa kwezilwane njengesenzo esijeziswayo futhi njengento okufanele ijatshulelwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, laba bantu bavame ukungabekezeleli ukukhungatheka kanye nentukuthelo evuthayo.
5. Ubuntu obuzimele
Njengoba udokotela wezifo zengqondo u-Alan Felthous ephetha ocwaningweni okukhulunywe ngalo ngenhla, "Abahlukumezi bezilwane bangabantu abafuna ukubonisa amandla negunya futhi benze ngokumelene nezisulu ezibuthakathaka. Bangabantu abanegunya ngokuvamile abangayilaleli imibono yabanye futhi bavame ukukhipha imiyalo."
Laba bantu bakholelwa ezinkolelweni ezingahambisani nentando yeningi futhi bavame ukuqondisa ubudlova kubantu ababuthakathaka noma "amakhanda aseTurkey" ukuze babe namandla futhi besatshwe. Banobungane futhi banengqondo.
6. Ukungabekezelelani
Abahlukumezi bezilwane ababekezeleli, futhi abagcini nje ngokudelela imithetho, kodwa futhi nemibono, izimo zengqondo, noma ukuziphatha kwabanye abantu. Bavame ukuba nobandlululo (ubandlululo ngokobulili, ubandlululo ngokohlanga, njll.), futhi bavame ukusabela ngobudlova, ngenzondo, nangonya.
7. Ubugovu
Abantu abakwazi ukuphatha kabi izilwane bangabantu abanobugovu abazicabangela bona kuphela futhi abangaxhumani ngokomzwelo nabanye abantu noma izilwane . Ukuhlukunyezwa kwezilwane kungenzeka ngezindlela eziningi futhi kungahlotshaniswa nenzuzo yezomnotho. Isibonelo, ukuzingela obhejane ngokungekho emthethweni.
Ubugovu buvame ukuba khona kulolu hlobo lokuhlukumeza, yingakho uma umninikhaya esekhathele ukuba nesilwane ekhaya esithengwe ngokuphazima kweso, akwazi ukusilahla emgwaqeni asifisele inhlanhla ngaphandle kokuzisola.