Ubukhulu obuthintekayo bomuntu bubhekisela ekhonweni lokuthola nokuveza imizwa, imizwa, nothando. Lesi sici esiyisisekelo semvelo yethu sithonya ngokuqondile ukusebenzelana kwethu komphakathi, izinqumo zethu, kanye nempilo yethu engokomzwelo. Izingxenye eziyinhloko ze-affective dimension zihlanganisa ikhono lokubona nokuqamba imizwa, uzwela, ukulawulwa kwemizwelo, ikhono lokusungula nokugcina ubudlelwano obunempilo, phakathi kwabanye. Kulo mongo, ukuqonda nokuthuthukisa isici esithintayo kubalulekile empilweni egcwele neyanelisayo.
Yibuphi ubukhulu bomzwelo obuthinta impilo yengqondo nenhlalakahle yabantu?
Ubukhulu obuthinta abantu buhlanganiswe izingxenye ezimbalwa ezithinta ngqo impilo yengqondo nenhlalakahle yabantu. Lezi zingxenye zihlanganisa imizwelo, imizwa, imizwa, nemizwa, konke okuxhumene futhi kunomthelela ekulinganiseni kwemizwelo yomuntu.
Imizwa Lokhu kusabela okufushane, okunamandla okungokwengqondo kokushukunyiswa kwangaphakathi noma kwangaphandle, njengenjabulo, ukudabuka, intukuthelo, ukwesaba, nokumangala. Adlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni ukuziphatha kanye nokwenza izinqumo, futhi angathinta ngqo impilo yengqondo yomuntu.
Imizwa, futhi, kuwukuhlangenwe nakho okungokomzwelo okuhlala njalo nokuyinkimbinkimbi, okubangelwa incazelo yemizwa. Zingaba ezinhle, ezinjengothando nokubonga, noma ezimbi, njengenzondo namagqubu, futhi zibe nomthelela omkhulu enhlalakahleni yomuntu engokomzwelo.
Isimo ibhekisela esimweni somuntu esivelele ngokomzwelo ngesikhathi esithile. Kungasukela ekujabuleni nasekukhululekeni kuye kokudabukisayo kanye ne-melancholic, kuthonya ngokuqondile indlela umuntu azizwa ngayo ngaye kanye nomhlaba omzungezile.
Imizwa Lokhu ukushintshashintsha kwemizwelo kwesikhashana, njengokucasuka, ukukhathazeka, injabulo, noma ukunganaki, okungathonywa izici zangaphakathi nezingaphandle. Zinomthelela oqondile empilweni yengqondo yomuntu futhi zingathinta ikhono lakhe lokubhekana nokucindezeleka nezinsizi zansuku zonke.
Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqonda nokusebenza endaweni ethintekayo yabantu ukuze kuthuthukiswe impilo yengqondo kanye nokuphila kahle. Ngokuzazi, ukuvezwa kwemizwa okunempilo, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono okulawula imizwa, kungenzeka ukuhlakulela ubudlelwano obulinganiselayo nobunesimo esihle nemizwelo yomuntu, kube nesandla empilweni egcwele nejabulisayo.
Incazelo yemizwa esimweni somuntu: ukuqonda ubunkimbinkimbi nokubaluleka kwemizwa.
Ubukhulu obuthinta abantu bubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwabo nasekuxhumaneni nomhlaba obazungezile. Imizwa idlala indima ebalulekile kulo mongo, njengoba inomthwalo wemfanelo wokudlulisa ulwazi mayelana nezifiso zethu, izidingo, kanye nezindinganiso.
Ukuqonda inkimbinkimbi yemizwa kubalulekile empilweni egcwele nenempilo. Zisivumela ukuthi siveze imizwa yethu, sixhumane nabanye, futhi sizivumelanise nezimo ezihlukahlukene esibhekana nazo. Ukungazinaki noma ukucindezela imizwelo kungaholela ezinkingeni zempilo yengqondo futhi kuthiye inhlalakahle yethu.
Imizwa yakhiwe izingxenye eziningana, njengokusabela komzimba, imicabango, isimo sobuso, nokuziphatha. Umzwelo ngamunye unomsebenzi nencazelo yawo, engahluka kuye ngomongo nolwazi lomuntu ngamunye.
Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela nokwamukela imizwa yethu, ngaphandle kokwahlulela noma ukugxekwa. Ukufunda ukubhekana nazo ngendlela enempilo neyakhayo kubalulekile ekukhuleni kwethu siqu nasekuqiniseni ubudlelwano bethu.
Izinto ezithonya isici esithintayo somuntu emphakathini wanamuhla.
Ubukhulu obuthinta abantu buyisici esibalulekile esithonya ngokuqondile indlela esihlobana ngayo kanye nokuxhumana kwethu nomhlaba osizungezile. Emphakathini wanamuhla, izici eziningana zinomthelela ekulolongeni isici somuntu esithintekayo, esithonya imizwelo yakhe, imizwa, nokuziphatha.
Esinye sezici eziyinhloko ezithonya isici esithinta abantu emphakathini wanamuhla ubuchwepheshe. Ukusetshenziswa njalo kwezinto zikagesi kanye nenkundla yezokuxhumana kungaba nomthelela endleleni esixhumana ngayo nabanye, okuhle nokubi. Ukuchayeka kokuqukethwe okuthinta imizwa kanye nokuseshwa kokuqinisekiswa ezinkundleni zokuxhumana kungase kuthinte impilo yomuntu ngokomzwelo kanye nokuphila kahle.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i- ukucindezeleka Ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, izingcindezi zomphakathi kanye nezimfuno zezwe lanamuhla nakho kunethonya elibalulekile emizweni yabantu. Ukusebenza ngokweqile, ukuncintisana okunamandla, nokuphishekela izinga eliphezulu lokuphila kungabangela ukukhathazeka, ukukhungatheka, nemizwa yokungafaneleki.
Esinye isici esibalulekile okufanele sicatshangelwe yi- imfundo engokomzweloIkhono lokuqonda nokulawula imizwa yomuntu siqu, kanye nozwela kanye nekhono lokuhlobana ngendlela enempilo nabanye, kungamakhono abalulekile okuthuthukisa isimo somzwelo esinokulinganisela.
Kafushane, izici ezithonya isimo somuntu ngokomzwelo emphakathini wanamuhla zihlukahlukene futhi ziyinkimbinkimbi. Kubalulekile ukuthi umuntu ngamunye aqaphele la mathonya futhi alwele ukuthuthukisa ukuqaphela okukhulu ngokomzwelo ukuze abhekane nezidingo zezwe lanamuhla ngendlela enempilo nelinganiselayo.
Incazelo yokuthinteka kwengqondo: qonda umthelela wayo ebudlelwaneni babantu.
Ku-psychology, i-affectivity ingenye yezici eziyisisekelo zomuntu, ezithonya ngokuqondile ubudlelwano phakathi kwabantu. Ukuthintana kusho ikhono lokuzwa kanye nokuveza imizwa, imizwa, nothando, okudlala indima ebalulekile endleleni esihlobana ngayo nabanye.
Izingxenye eziyinhloko zobukhulu bokusebenza komuntu zihlanganisa imizwa, ugqozi, nobuntu. Umzwelo yimpendulo evumelanayo nezisusa zangaphakathi noma zangaphandle, njengenjabulo, ukudabuka, intukuthelo, nokunye. Ugqozi umfutho osiholela ekwenzeni okuthile, okuthonywa imizwelo yethu. Ubuntu, bona, yindlela umuntu ngamunye aveza ngayo futhi abhekane ngayo nemizwelo yakhe.
Uthando ludlala indima ebalulekile ebudlelwaneni phakathi kwabantu, njengoba kungenxa yalo ukuthi sisungula ukuxhumana okungokomzwelo nabanye. Ikhono lokuxoxa ngendlela enempilo nenozwela lihlobene ngokuqondile nekhono lethu lokuqonda nokubhekana nemizwa yabanye. Uzwela, inhlonipho e ukuqonda zibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ubudlelwano obunempilo phakathi kwabantu.
Lapho uthando lunganakwa noma lungaqondwa kahle, ubudlelwano phakathi kwabantu bungaphazamiseka. Ubunzima bokuveza imizwa, ukubhekana nezingxabano, kanye nokusungula izibopho ezingokomzwelo kungaholela ekungavumelani nokukhungatheka ebuhlotsheni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho uthando lwaziswa futhi luhlakulelwa, ubuhlobo phakathi kwabantu buyavumelana futhi buvuze.
Ngamafuphi, ukuthinteka kudlala indima ebalulekile ebudlelwaneni babantu, kuthonya indlela esixhumana ngayo nabanye nendlela esihlobana ngayo ngokomzwelo. Kubalulekile ukuqonda incazelo ye-affectivity ku-psychology ukukhuthaza ubudlelwano obunempilo nobunenjongo ekuphileni kwethu.
I-Affective Dimension Yomuntu: Izingxenye Eziyinhloko
A isici esithintekayo somuntu iyindawo yempilo yabantu ehlobene nemizwa, imizwa, futhi, ngokuvamile, nolwazi lomuntu ngamunye. Phambilini, leli gama lalisetshenziswa njengegama elifanayo komunye wemisebenzi emithathu eyinhloko yengqondo, enye emibili kuwukuqonda kanye nokuzikhethela.
Ukuqonda yikhono lokucabanga ngokuhluzekile nangokunengqondo, kuyilapho ukuzikhethela kuwukugqugquzela kanye nekhono lokwenza izinto ngendlela enengqondo. Iminyaka eminingi, i-psychology yayigomela ngokuthi isici esithinta abantu sasingabalulekile kakhulu nokuthi kwakungcono ukugxila ekucabangeni noma ekuziphatheni.
Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo olwalandela ku-psychology ne-neuroscience lwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukubona ukuthi imizwa ithinta imicabango nokuziphatha. Ngakho-ke, namuhla, intshisekelo ku-affective dimension iphinde yavuka, okubangela izinqubo ezithandwayo ezinjengokuhlakanipha kwemizwa.
Luyini uthando?
Emkhakheni we-psychology, ukuthinta igama elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza imizwa nemizwelo, kanye nezinkambu ezihlobene nayo. Ngokuvamile, ukuthinta kuchazwa njengokusabela okwenzeka entweni ephilayo lapho ihlangana ne-stimulus, engaba ngaphandle noma ngaphakathi.
Ku-psychology yesimanje, ukuthinta kubhekwa njengokuhlobene eduze nokuziphatha kanye nokuqonda, ukuze ezindleleni eziningi zomtholampilo zesimanje kucatshangwa ukuthi enye yezakhi ayikwazi ukuguqulwa ngaphandle kokuthinta ezinye ezimbili.
Izingxenye eziyinhloko ze-affective dimension
Ukutadisha imizwa nakho kunenzuzo ngokwakho; futhi abacwaningi abaningana bagxile ekutholeni izingxenye zabo. Izikole eziningi zesimanje zesayensi yezokusebenza kwengqondo ziphikisana nokuba khona kwezinto ezintathu eziyinhloko ezithonya imizwa: i-valence, i-arousal, kanye namandla okukhuthaza.
Abanye abacwaningi, bonke abasondelene nemibono yezenhlalo, bakhuluma ngohlangothi lwesine olubizwa nge-attribution.
Valencia
I-Valence ingxenye yomzwelo esitshela ukuthi umuzwa omnandi noma "omuhle", noma awujabulisi noma "mubi." Uma kungumzwelo ojabulisayo, ngokuvamile sikhuluma nge-valence eqondile, futhi uma ingathandeki, sikhuluma nge-valence engalungile.
Lobu bukhulu bokuthinteka abuhlukanisi phakathi kwemizwa eyakhayo noma engemihle eyahlukene. Ngakho-ke, phakathi kwemizwelo emibi ye-valence, singathola eminye ehlukene njengokunengeka, ukudabuka, noma ukwesaba; futhi ezinhle zihlanganisa uthando, ukuzidla, noma injabulo.
Ukujabula
Ukuvusa inkanuko isho ikhono lomzwelo "lokwenza kusebenze" noma ukukhiqiza impendulo kithi. Uma umzwelo uvusa inkanuko enkulu, sizowuzwa kakhulu.
Isibonelo, ngaphambi kwepuleti lokudla elimnandi, ukuvuka kwethu kuyoba kukhulu uma silambile kunalapho sivele sasutha edilini. Yonke imizwa ingakalwa ngokuya ngokuvuka kwayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ivalence yayo.
Uma imizwa ingakwazi ukunqoba izinga elincane lokuvuka, ingqondo yethu ephaphile ayiwubhalisi; ngakho, singakwazi ukuzwa imizwa ethile ngaphandle kokuqaphela. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ingqondo yethu ephansi iyakwazi ukucubungula inani elikhulu kakhulu lolwazi kunomqondo wethu owaziyo.
Isakhiwo sobuchopho esinesibopho sokuletha ukunaka kwethu emizweni ngokuvuka okwanele uhlelo olukhuphukayo lwe-reticular activating system (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-ARDS).
Kuyiqoqo lezingxenye zobuchopho ezinomthwalo wemfanelo wokuqondisa ukwazi kwethu nokunaka izehlakalo nezimo elizibheka njengezibalulekile.
Amandla okugqugquzela
Ingxenye yesithathu ethintekayo yemizwa ukushuba okugqugquzelayo; okungukuthi, amandla esifiso esisiholela ekwenzeni.
Yonke imizwa iqala ukusabela kubantu abaziwa ngokuthi "ukulwa noma ukundiza." Ngokuvamile, ngenxa yendlela isimo sethu sokuziphatha esivele ngayo, imizwa isishukumisela ukuba senze.
Lesi sidingo sesenzo singase siqhubekele kulokho okubangele umuzwa (uma kuyimizwa eyakhayo), noma kude nawo uma kungumuzwa ongemuhle.
Uma kukhulu umfutho wokugqugquzela obangelwa umuzwa, siba sikhulu isidingo sokuthatha isinyathelo ngokuphathelene nento ewukhiqizile.
Indlela yesithathu okungenzeka isabela esenzakalweni esivusa imizwelo ukukhubazeka. Kwesinye isikhathi, lapho imizwa inamandla kakhulu futhi singaqiniseki ngesinyathelo esilandelayo, umphumela ongemuhle ungenzeka, futhi impendulo yethu engokwemvelo kufanele ime.
Yilokhu okwenzekayo, isibonelo, endabeni yenyamazane "efriziwe" phambi kwezibani zemoto.
Isabelo
Eminye yemibono yesimanjemanje yobukhulu obuthinta abantu ixoxa ngengxenye yesine yemizwelo: isibaluli. Ngokwabacwaningi ababakhuthazayo, lapho sibona umzwelo ongaphakathi kithina, sidinga ukubheka imbangela esisho ukuthi iyasebenza.
Ngamanye amazwi, lapho i-ARDS yethu isenza sibone ukuthi “sicushiwe,” ingqondo yethu enonembeza iqala ukuhlaziya indawo esihlala kuyo kanye nemicabango yethu ifuna isikhuthazo esingadala lo muzwa.
Ngokuvamile, ezikhathini zokuqala ngaphambi kokuba sithole imbangela yemizwa yethu, asikwazi ngisho nokuhlukanisa i-valence yomzwelo (okungukuthi, noma ngabe ilungile noma imbi). Singabona kuphela ukuthi sisebenze kakhulu kunokujwayelekile.
Umuzwa oqinisekisa isichasiso
Ukuhlola okudume kakhulu okubonakala kuqinisekisa ukuba khona kwalo mkhakha wemizwa “ucwaningo lwamabhuloho amabili.”
Kulesi sivivinyo, amaqembu amabili amadoda kwadingeka awele amabhuloho amabili ukuze afinyelele umcwaningi, owayezowanikeza uhlu lwemibuzo. Ngemva kokuyiqeda, lona wesifazane wabanika inombolo yakhe futhi wabacela ukuba bamshayele uma benemibuzo.
Umehluko kuphela phakathi kwamaqembu amabili amadoda kwakuwubude bebhuloho okwakumelwe baliwele. Ngenkathi eqenjini lokuqala ibhuloho laliphansi kakhulu futhi linikeza ukuphepha okwanele, eqenjini lesibili ibhuloho laliphakeme futhi libonakala liphephile kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, amadoda eqembu lesibili azozizwa esebenza kakhulu.
Ngokusho kwe-hypothesis yabacwaningi, amadoda eqembu lesibili athi lokhu kukhula kwanda kubangelwa ukukhanga kowesifazane, okubenza bazizwe bekhangwa kakhulu kuye futhi bamshayele ucingo kaningi ngemva kocwaningo. Lapho imiphumela isiqoqiwe, kwacaca ukuthi i-hypothesis yagcwaliseka ngempela.
Izinkomba
- "I-Two-Factor Theory of Emotion" ku: Ingqondo Kahle Kakhulu. Ibuyiselwe ngomhla ka-: February 20, 2018 kusukela ku- Very Well Mind: verywellmind.com.
- "I-Valence, Arousal, kanye Nendlela Yokukhanyisa Umlilo Wemizwa" ku: Ukuguqulwa kwe-XL. Ibuyisiwe: Februwari 20, 2018 kusukela ku-Conversion XL: conversionxl.com.
- "Affect (psychology)" ku: Wikipedia. Ibuyiswe ngo: February 20, 2018 kusukela ku-Wikipedia: en.wikipedia.org.
- "I-Affective Dimension of Human Life" ku: Claretian Formation. Kubuyiswe ngoFebhuwari 20, 2018, kusukela ku-Claretian Formation: claretianformation.com.
- "Injabulo" ku: Wikipedia. Ibuyiswe ngo: February 20, 2018 kusukela ku-Wikipedia: en.wikipedia.org.