Isenzakalo esibonakalayo sibhekisela kunoma yisiphi isenzakalo esenzeka emhlabeni wemvelo futhi singabonwa futhi silinganiswe. Lezi zenzakalo zihlanganisa izinguquko zomzimba ngaphandle kokushintsha ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali ento. Kunezibonelo ezingenakubalwa zezinto ezibonakalayo ezenzeka nsuku zonke eduze kwethu, njengokuncibilika kweqhwa, ukuhwamuka kwamanzi, ukuncibilika kwe-wax, nokunye. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izibonelo eziyi-17 zezinto ezijwayelekile ezijwayelekile empilweni yethu yansuku zonke.
Qonda umqondo wezinto ezibonakalayo ngokusebenzisa izibonelo ezingokoqobo nezikhanyisayo.
Isenzakalo esibonakalayo isenzakalo esingabonwa futhi sikalwe ngaphandle kokushintsha ukwakheka noma ukwakheka kwento ehilelekile. Ngamanye amazwi, isenzakalo esibonakalayo asiguquli imvelo yento, kuphela izakhiwo zayo ezibonakalayo. Ukuze siwuqonde kangcono lo mqondo, ake sihlaziye izibonelo ezithile ezisebenzayo nezikhanyisayo.
1. Ukushintsha kwesimo somzimba: Isibonelo esivamile sento ebonakalayo ukushintsha kwesimo samanzi. Uma amanzi eshiswa, ashintsha esuka esimweni esiqinile (iqhwa) aye esimweni soketshezi bese kuba isimo segesi (umhwamuko), ngaphandle kokuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali awo.
2. Ukwanda kokushisa: Uma into ishiswa, iyanda ngenxa yokwanda kokushisa. Lesi esinye isibonelo sento ebonakalayo, njengoba isakhiwo sento sihlala sifana; ubukhulu bayo kuphela obushintshayo.
3. Ukuhlukaniswa kokukhanya: Uma ukukhanya kudlula kusuka kwenye indawo kuya kwenye, njengokusuka emoyeni kuya emanzini, kushintsha indlela. Lesi simo saziwa ngokuthi ukuhlukaniswa kokukhanya futhi siyisibonelo sesenzakalo esibonakalayo.
4. Ukuqhuba kukagesi: Uma into ivumela ukudlula kwamandla kagesi, ikhombisa ukuqhubela kukagesi. Lesi esinye isibonelo sento ebonakalayo, njengoba kungekho ushintsho ekwakhekeni kwezinto, kuphela ekuhambeni kwamacala kagesi.
5. Ukuhlanganiswa Kwensimbi: Lapho izinsimbi ezimbili zincibilikiswa ndawonye ukuze zenze i-alloy, izinto ziyahlangana. Le nqubo iyisenzakalo esibonakalayo, njengoba kungekho ushintsho esakhiweni sama-molecule ezinsimbi, kuphela ekuhlelekeni kwazo okubonakalayo.
6. Ukunwebeka: Uma into ibuyela esimweni sayo sokuqala ngemva kokukhubazeka, ikhombisa ukunwebeka. Lesi esinye isibonelo sento ebonakalayo, njengoba kungekho ushintsho ekwakhiweni kwayo, kuphela esimweni sayo sesikhashana.
7. Uzibuthe: Uma into idonswa yizibuthe, ikhombisa izakhiwo zikazibuthe. Lesi yisenzakalo esibonakalayo esingabonakala ezintweni ezahlukene ngaphandle kokushintsha ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali azo.
8. Ingcindezi yomoya: Ukwehluka kwengcindezi yomoya nokuphakama kuyisenzakalo esibonakalayo esingabonwa futhi silinganiswe ngaphandle kokushintsha ukwakheka komoya.
9. Ukushisa: Uma into eshisayo isabela kwenye futhi yakha amabhamuza egesi, kuyisibonelo sento ebonakalayo, njengoba kungekho shintsho ekwakhiweni kwezinto ezihilelekile.
10. Ukusabalala komsindo: Uma umsindo usabalala lapho ubhekene nezithiyo, udlula ekusabalaleni komsindo. Lesi yisenzakalo esibonakalayo esingabonakala ezimweni ezahlukene ngaphandle kokushintsha uhlobo lomsindo.
11. Ukucindezela kwe-Osmotic: Ukudlula kwe-solvent nge-membrane engangeni ngenxa yomehluko wokuhlushwa kuyisibonelo sento ebonakalayo, njengoba kungekho shintsho ekwakhiweni kwezixazululo ezihilelekile.
12. Ukufiphala: Uma into ikhipha ukukhanya ngemva kokuchayeka emisebeni enamandla aphezulu, iveza ukufiphala. Lesi yisenzakalo esibonakalayo esingabonakala ezintweni ezahlukene ngaphandle kokushintsha isakhiwo sazo sama-molecule.
13. Ukuminyana: Lapho umhwamuko wamanzi uguquka ube amaconsi amanzi lapho uthinta indawo ebandayo, ukuminyana kwenzeka. Lesi yisibonelo sento ebonakalayo engabonakala kalula ezimweni zansuku zonke.
14. Umphumela we-Joule: Uma into ishisa ngenxa yokuhamba kwamandla kagesi, izwa umphumela we-Joule. Lesi esinye isibonelo sento ebonakalayo engabonakala kumasekethe kagesi.
15. Ukuhlukaniswa kokukhanya: Uma ukukhanya kuhlungwa ngezinto ezihlukanisa ukukhanya, kuba yi-polarized. Lesi simo siyisibonelo sesimo esibonakalayo esingabonakala ekusetshenzisweni njengezibuko zelanga ezihlukanisa ukukhanya.
16. Ukubilisa: Uma uketshezi lubila bese luphenduka umhwamuko, kuyisibonelo sento ebonakalayo engabonakala ekushiseni kwezinto.
Qonda incazelo yezenzakalo ngezibonelo ezicacile, ezisebenzayo zokuqonda kangcono.
Iyini isenzakalo esingokomzimba? Izigigaba ezibonakalayo yizehlakalo ezenzeka emvelweni futhi zingabonwa futhi zikalwe. Zibandakanya izinguquko ezimpahleni ezibonakalayo zento ngaphandle kokuguqula ukwakheka kwayo kwamakhemikhali. Ngamanye amazwi, isenzakalo esibonakalayo asidali izinto ezintsha, simane siguqule isimo noma isimo sendaba.
Ukuze siqonde kangcono, ake siveze izibonelo ezingu-17 zezehlakalo ezibonakalayo :
- Iqhwa elincibilikayo: Uma iqhwa lishiswa, liyashintsha lisuka ekubeni eliqinile liye esimweni esiwuketshezi.
- Ukuhwamuka kwamanzi: amanzi esitsheni esivulekile ayahwamuka aphenduke abe yigesi.
- Ukushisa kokushisa: lapho ibha yensimbi eshisayo ibekwe ukuthintana nebanda, ukushisa kudluliselwa kusuka komunye kuya komunye.
- Ukuqhuba ugesi: ukudlula kwamandla kagesi nge-conductor, njengocingo lwethusi.
- Ukunwetshwa kokushisa: uma into ikhula lapho ishiselwa, njengoba kwenzeka ngamathrekhi esitimela ngezinsuku ezishisayo.
- Ukukhanya okukhanyayo: isenzakalo esenzeka lapho ukukhanya kushaya indawo futhi kuboniswa.
- Ukupholisa okuhwamukayo: lapho uketshezi luhwamuka, lumunca ukushisa endaweni, lukhuthaze ukupholisa.
- I-Sublimation: ukudlula okuqondile kwento kusuka kokuqinile kuya esimweni segesi, ngaphandle kokudlula esimweni soketshezi.
- I-Fusion: ukuguqulwa kwento isuka kokuqinile iye esimweni esiwuketshezi, njengoba kwenzeka ngoshokoledi oncibilikayo.
- I-Crystallization: ukwakheka kwamakristalu kusuka kusixazululo ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele.
- I-Diffraction: isenzakalo lapho ukukhanya kugoba khona njengoba kudlula endaweni evulekile encane.
- I-Buoyancy: Ikhono lokuthi into ihlale imisiwe oketshezini ngenxa yomehluko wokuminyana.
- Ukucindezela komkhathi: ukucindezela okwenziwa umoya osizungezile, ongalinganiswa nge-barometer.
- States of matter: okuqinile, okuwuketshezi kanye negesi yizifunda ezintathu okungatholakala kuzo udaba.
- I-Condensation: Ushintsho olusuka kugesi luye esimweni soketshezi, njengomhwamuko ophenduka amathonsi emvula.
- I-Capillarity: ikhono loketshezi lokukhuphuka eshubhuni elincane, njengoba kwenzeka esitshalweni lapho simunca amanzi emhlabathini.
- Ukushuba komsindo: isilinganiso samandla adluliswa yigagasi lomsindo, elihluka kuye nge-amplitude.
Lezi izibonelo ezimbalwa nje zezinto ezibonakalayo esingazibona ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke. Ukuqonda lezi zenzakalo kubalulekile ukuze uqonde kangcono indlela umhlaba osizungezile osebenza ngayo.
Izibonelo zezigigaba zamakhemikhali: ukuthi ziyini nokuthi zingabonakala kanjani ekuphileni kwansuku zonke.
Isenzakalo samakhemikhali senzeka lapho uguquko ekwakhekeni kwamakhemikhali ento ethile, okuholela ezintweni ezintsha ezinezakhiwo ezihlukile kwezasekuqaleni. Lezi zinguquko zivame ukuhambisana nokukhululwa noma ukumuncwa kwamandla. Nazi ezinye izibonelo zezigigaba zamakhemikhali nokuthi zingabonakala kanjani ekusebenzeni kwansuku zonke:
1. Ukuvundisa: Lapho insimbi ihlangana nomoya-mpilo emoyeni bese yakha ungqimba lwe-oxide ebusweni bayo, njengokugqwala kwensimbi.
2. Ukusha: Uma into isha, ikhipha ukushisa nokukhanya, njengalapho iphepha lisha.
3. Ukubilisa: Lapho ama-microorganisms eguqula ushukela ube utshwala kanye ne-carbon dioxide, njengasekukhiqizweni kobhiya.
4. Ukubola: Lapho into ihlukana ibe izinto ezilula, njengokubola kokudla okungokwemvelo.
5. Ukungathathi hlangothi: Lapho i-asidi isabela nesisekelo ukuze yakhe amanzi nosawoti, njengasekwakhekeni kwe-sodium chloride kusuka ku-hydrochloric acid kanye ne-sodium hydroxide.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izenzakalo zamakhemikhali ngokuvamile zihlanganisa izinguquko ezingenakuhlehliswa ekwakhiweni kwezinto ezihilelekile, okuholela emikhiqizweni ehlukile kokusabelayo kokuqala.
Ingabe lokhu kungaba isibonelo sokushintsha umzimba?
Uma sikhuluma ngezigigaba ezibonakalayo, sibhekisela kuzo zonke izinguquko ezenzeka emhlabeni esizungezile futhi ezingabonwa futhi zikalwe. Isibonelo esilula sento ebonakalayo ukuguquka kwesimo samanzi. Lapho amanzi efudunyezwa, ashintsha asuke esimweni esiqinile (iqhwa) aye esimweni esiwuketshezi, bese eba yigesi (umusi). Le nqubo yokushintsha isimo iyisibonelo esicacile sento ebonakalayo.
Esinye isibonelo sento ebonakalayo ukushintsha kombala wephepha lapho ubekwe elangeni. Kulokhu, ukusebenzisana kokukhanya nezingulube eshidini kubangela ukushintsha umbala. Lesi futhi isibonelo sesenzakalo esibonakalayo, njengoba sibandakanya ushintsho olubonakalayo nolulinganisekayo.
Ingabe lokhu kungaba isibonelo sokushintsha komzimba? Cha, ngoba esimweni sezinto ezibonakalayo, sikhuluma ngezinguquko ezenzeka emhlabeni esizungezile, hhayi emzimbeni womuntu. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi izinguquko zomzimba, njengokukhula, ukuphulukiswa kwesilonda, nokugaya ukudla, nakho kuyizinto ezibonakalayo ezingafundwa futhi ziqondwe nge-physics ne-biology.
Iyini isenzakalo esingokomzimba? 17 Izibonelo
Izehlakalo ezibonakalayo izinguquko ezenzeka ezintweni, ezintweni, noma emizimbeni. Isici esibaluleke kakhulu sezehlakalo ezibonakalayo ukuthi zingabonakala, ukuthi into, umzimba, noma izinto azishintshi, nokuthi ushintsho luyakwazi ukuguqulwa.
Akufanele kudidaniswe nesenzakalo samakhemikhali, esisho ushintsho olungapheli nolungahlehliseki lomzimba, udaba, noma into. Lezi zinguquko zikhiqiza imizimba emisha eyodwa noma ngaphezulu, izinto zokwakha, noma izinto, njengoba ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana kuguqulwa.
Izibonelo zezinto ezibonakalayo
1- Amandla adonsela phansi
Ngaphandle kwamandla adonsela phansi, bekungeke kwenzeke ukuhamba, ukugxuma, ukuskiya, noma ukucwila. Konke kuyawa phansi, futhi lokhu kwathathwa kalula kwaze kwaba yilapho kufika u-Isaac Newton .
Ukube ubungekho amandla adonsela phansi, ngabe sonke siyantanta, singanamathele emkhathini woMhlaba. Amandla adonsela phansi yinto ebonakalayo ebamba yonke into ndawonye futhi yenza ukuphila eMhlabeni kwenzeke.
2- Umfutho womoya
Ukube besingenawo umfutho womoya, umfutho wegazi wangaphakathi ubungenza umzimba womuntu uqhume. Kungakho osomkhathi kudingeka bagqoke amasudi omkhathi emkhathini (kungavezwa emisebeni).
3- Ukukhanya
Ukukhanya kuyigagasi, ngakho-ke kuba ne-diffraction (ukuhlakazeka), ukuboniswa, kanye nokuhlehla. I-Diffraction yikho okwakha uthingo; ukucabanga yikho okusivumela ukuthi sizibone esibukweni.
I-refraction yikho okusivumela ukuthi sibheke ngezingilazi ezikhulisayo, ama-microscopes, nezibonakude ukuze sithole izimanga ezincane kakhulu noma ezikude kakhulu nathi.
4- Umsindo
Umsindo igagasi elihamba emoyeni nezinye izinto. Ngaphandle komsindo, besingeke sibe nomculo, futhi besingeke sikwazi ukuxhumana ngezingxoxo.
5- Ukongiwa kwamandla
Ukongiwa kwamandla kuvumele osolwazi befiziksi nonjiniyela ukuthi bathuthukise amamodeli wetiyetha futhi bakhe imishini ukuze basebenzise imvelo. Kuyisimiso esilula esisivumela ukuba sibikezele ukuthi angakanani amandla esingawakhipha emshinini.
Iqiniso lokuthi amandla angeke adalwe noma abhujiswe futhi lisho ukuthi asikwazi ukuthola amandla mahhala ngaphandle kokwenza umsebenzi.
6- I-Entropy
I-Entropy ikhula njalo. Lesi simo senza izinto eziningi kangangokuthi akunakwenzeka ukubala.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwamagesi kusivumela ukuba siphefumule umoya-mpilo owenziwe izitshalo. Ezinye izibonelo zihlanganisa amandla kagesi, ukushisa kwamanje, ukugeleza kwamanzi kusuka phezulu kuya ezindaweni eziphansi, njll.
7- Nuclear Fusion
Kuyinqubo ethuthukisa ilanga, elinikeza ukushisa nokukhanya okudingekayo ukuze ukuphila kwenzeke emhlabeni.
8- Umthetho wesithathu kaNewton
Yilokho okusivumela ukuthi sihlale esihlalweni ngaphandle kokusichoboza, sihamba ngokufaka amandla phansi futhi senze isenzo ngasinye sibe nokusabela okulinganayo nokuphambene.
9- Ukuzamazama komhlaba
Ukuzamazama komhlaba kwenzeka ngoba uMhlaba wakhiwe ngamapuleti e-tectonic axhunywe imigqa yamaphutha. Lapho ukucindezeleka phakathi kwalezi zingcwecwe zanda futhi enye yazo iba buthaka, amagagasi athuthumela athunyelwa ezweni nanoma imaphi amanzi aseduze.
10- Iziphepho
Zakha phezu kolwandle lapho indawo enengcindezi ephansi igqugquzelwa ukushisa kokujiya.
Lokhu kushisa kuvela emhwamukeni wamanzi okhuphukayo wenze amafu, akhulula amandla. Uma kungekho ndawo yala mandla aqoqiwe, imimoya iyakhula.
11- Izibani zaseNyakatho
Kwenzeka lapho ama-electron avela kumandla omoya welanga ehlangana nama-molecule nama-athomu emkhathini wethu.
Amandla kazibuthe omhlaba abamba umoya welanga, futhi isibonisi sokukhanya sivela ekungqubuzaneni okuningi kwezinhlayiya.
12- Amafu i-mammoth
Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-mammatocumulus, okusho ukuthi "amafu angalingani," lena iphethini yeselula yamasaka akha ngaphansi kwesisekelo sefu. Ehlanganiswe ngokuyinhloko yiqhwa, amafu e-mammatocumulus anganwebeka amakhulu amakhilomitha.
13- Amagagasi abomvu
Eyaziwa kangcono ngokuthi i-algal bloom, i-red tide umcimbi wemvelo lapho ulwelwe lwasemanzini, olwandle, noma lwamanzi ahlanzekile lunqwabelana ngokushesha kukholomu yamanzi futhi lungaguqula zonke izindawo zolwandle noma zolwandle zibe nombala obomvu wegazi.
Lesi simo sibangelwa amazinga aphezulu e-phytoplankton anqwabelanayo akhe amafu aminyene abonakala eduze kwamanzi.
14 - Amabhuzu
"I-Tinnitus" igama elivamile lochungechunge lwezigigaba ezibandakanya umsindo okhalayo oqhubekayo, ohlaselayo, onemvamisa ephansi ongezwakali kuwo wonke umuntu. Kubikwe ama-buzz ezindaweni ezahlukene.
Zibikwe emhlabeni wonke, ikakhulukazi eYurophu: umsindo ovungamayo esiqhingini esikhulu saseHawaii, ngokuvamile esihlobene nentaba-mlilo, uzwakala ezindaweni eziqhele ngamakhilomitha angamashumi.
15 - Ama-Maelstroms
Ama-Whirlpools, ama-whirlpools amakhulu, anomlando omude endabeni eqanjiwe njengengozi embi ematilosini. Ekuphileni kwangempela, akukaze kube khona izimo zokucwiliswa kwemikhumbi emikhulu ngama-whirlpools.
Izixuku ezinyakazayo zamanzi e-eddies, ngokuvamile eqhutshwa amagagasi anamandla ngokungavamile, ziyamangalisa.
16- INyangayezulu
Uthingo lwenyanga luyi-arc ekhiqizwa ukukhanya kwenyanga kunokukhanya kwelanga. Ngaphandle komehluko emthonjeni wokukhanya, ukwakheka kwawo kufana ncamashi nothingo lwelanga.
Kubangelwa ukuphikiswa kokukhanya emathonsini amaningi amanzi, njengemvula noma impophoma, futhi njalo kutholakala engxenyeni ephambene yesibhakabhaka kusukela enyangeni maqondana nomuntu obukele.
17- Insika yokukhanya
Insika ekhanyayo iwumbono we-atmospheric optical osesimweni sebhande elima mpo lokukhanya elibonakala linwebeka ngaphezulu kanye/noma ngaphansi komthombo wokukhanya.
Umphumela udalwa ukuvezwa kokukhanya okuvela kumakristalu eqhwa amaningi amancane alenga emkhathini noma emafwini.
Izinkomba
- UMargarita waya eManko. Izindlela zezibalo zokufunda izenzakalo zomzimba (n.d.). Kubuyiswe ku-iopscience.iop.org.
- Amagatsha esayensi (n.d.). Kubuyiswe ku-infoplease.com.
- Izigigaba zomzimba eziyinqaba (n.d.). Kutholwe ku-physics.org.
- Yini isenzakalo esingokomzimba (n.d.)? Kubuyiswe ku-igi-global.com.
- Isenzakalo somzimba (n.). Kubuyiswe ku-encyclopedia.kids.net.au.
- Yiziphi izenzakalo ezingokomzimba? (n.d.). Ithathwe ku-svw.co.za.