Izenzo zokuziphatha okubi ziyizenzo ezingqubuzana nezimiso zokuziphatha ezinhle ezamukelwa umphakathi. Kunezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezenzo zokuziphatha okubi, ezingahlukahluka kuye ngokwamasiko, umongo nezindinganiso zomuntu ngamunye. Ezinye izibonelo zezenzo zokuziphatha okubi zihlanganisa ukuqamba amanga, ukweba, ukukhaphela, ubudlova, ukubandlulula nokukhwabanisa. Lezi zenzo zingabangela ukulimala ngokomzwelo, kwengqondo, ngisho nasemzimbeni kulabo abahilelekile, futhi ngokuvamile kubangele imiphumela engemihle kulowo ozenzayo. Kubalulekile ukuzindla ngezenzo nezinqumo zethu, njalo silwela ukwenza ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso zokuziphatha nenhlonipho.
Yiziphi izindlela zokuziphatha ezibhekwa njengezingalungile ngokokuziphatha?
Ukuziphatha okungalungile yilokhu okungqubuzana nezimiso zokuziphatha kanye namagugu amukelwa umphakathi. Zingase zehluke kuye ngokwamasiko, inkolo, kanye nezinkambiso zomthetho zomphakathi ngamunye, kodwa ngokuvamile zihlanganisa ukwephulwa kwamalungelo nenhlalakahle yabanye.
Ezinye zezenzo zokuziphatha okubi ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa ukuqamba amanga, ukweba, ubudlova, ukukhaphela, unya, ukucwasa, nokunye. Lezi zenzo zibhekwa njengezingalungile ngokokuziphatha ngoba zibangela ukulimala nokuhlupheka kwabanye, zephula umqondo wobulungisa nokuhloniphana.
Kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi ukunquma ukuthi yini engalungile ngokuziphatha, njengoba kunezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi nezingqinamba zokuziphatha ezingadala ukungqubuzana kwezindinganiso. Nokho, imiphakathi eminingi iyavuma ukuthi ukuziphatha okuthile, njengokubulala, ukuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili, inkohlakalo, nokuxhashazwa kwabasengozini, kuwukuziphatha okubi ngokungenakuphikwa.
Ngokwesibonelo, isibonelo sesenzo sokuziphatha okubi kungaba umuntu okhohlisa futhi webe imali yomuntu osekhulile ongenakuzivikela. Lesi senzo ngokusobala siwukungahloniphi, asinabulungisa, futhi siyingozi kumuntu ohlukunyeziwe, sihlanganisa ukuziphatha okungalungile.
Kafushane, ukuziphatha okubhekwa njengokungafaneleki yilezo ezephula izimiso zokuziphatha eziyisisekelo zenhlonipho, ubulungisa, ukwethembeka, nobumbano. Ngokwenza okuphambene nalezi zindinganiso, umuntu angabangela ukulimala okungenakulungiseka futhi aphule ubuqotho bakhe bokuziphatha.
Izimo zengqondo zokuziphatha okubi okufanele zigqanyiswe emphakathini wethu wanamuhla.
Emphakathini wethu wanamuhla, singabona izimo zengqondo ezimbalwa zokuziphatha okubi okufanele zigqanyiswe futhi ezingqubuzana nezimiso zokuziphatha ezilawula ubudlelwano phakathi kwabantu. Phakathi kwalezi zimo zengqondo kukhona inkohlakalo, ubudlova, ukungabekezelelani nokungathembeki.
Inkohlakalo, isibonelo, ingesinye sezenzo zokuziphatha okubi ezivame kakhulu emphakathini wethu. Izibonakalisa emikhakheni eyahlukene, njengepolitiki, ibhizinisi, ngisho nempilo yansuku zonke. Inkohlakalo ihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kabi kwamandla ukuze kuzuze umuntu, kulimaza umphakathi uwonke. Isibonelo salokhu amahlazo okudliwa kwezimali zomphakathi esivame ukuwabona ezindabeni.
Ubudlova bungesinye isenzo sokuziphatha okubi okufanele sinakwe. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubudlova obungokomzimba, ngamazwi, noma obungokwengqondo bubangela ukulimala okungenakulungiseka kuzisulu nomphakathi uwonke. Ukungabekezelelani nakho kuyinkinga enkulu, njengoba kuvimbela ukuhlonishwa kokuhlukahluka kanye nemibono eminingi, kudala ukungqubuzana noqhekeko emphakathini.
Ukungathembeki kungesinye isibonelo sokuziphatha okubi okufanele ukunakwa. Uma othile enza ngokungathembeki, wephula izimiso zokuziphatha ezilawula ubudlelwano phakathi kwabantu. Ukungathembeki kungazibonakalisa ngezindlela eziningi, njengokuqamba amanga, ukweba nokukhwabanisa.
Ngamafuphi, kubalulekile ukuthi umphakathi uwonke uhlangane ukuze ulwe nalezi zimo zengqondo zokuziphatha okubi futhi ukhuthaze izindinganiso zokuziphatha nezokuziphatha ezifaka isandla ekwakheni umhlaba onobulungiswa futhi onakekelayo. Imfundo nokuqwashisa kubaluleke kakhulu kulokhu, njengoba kuvumela abantu ukuthi bacabange ngezenzo zabo futhi bafune ukwenza izinto ngokuziphatha kahle nangokuzibophezela.
Yiziphi izimo zengqondo ezingabhekwa njengezingcolile?
Izimo zengqondo ezibhekwa njengezingcolile yilezo ezingqubuzana nezindinganiso zokuziphatha zomphakathi esiphila kuwo. Lezi zimo zengqondo zingahluka kuye komongo wamasiko, kodwa ezinye izici ezijwayelekile zingabonakala.
Isibonelo sesimo sengqondo sokuziphatha okubi ukuqamba amanga. Ukuqamba amanga ngamabomu nangaso sonke isikhathi kungabhekwa njengesenzo sokuziphatha okubi, njengoba kungqubuzana nokwethembeka nokwethembana okufanele sibe nakho komunye nomunye. Esinye isimo sengqondo esingabhekwa njengesibi esokukhaphela, kungaba esothandweni, emsebenzini, noma endaweni yomuntu siqu. Ukukhaphela umuntu othile amethemba kwephula izibopho ezibalulekile futhi kungabangela ubuhlungu nomonakalo ongenakulungiseka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubudlova obungokomzimba namazwi nakho kuwukuziphatha okubi. Ukushaya othile ngokomzimba noma ngamazwi kwephula inhlonipho nesithunzi okufanele wonke umuntu. Ukungahloniphi imithetho nezinkambiso zomphakathi nakho kungabhekwa njengokuziphatha okubi, njengoba kubeka engozini ukuzwana nokuhleleka komphakathi.
Ngamafuphi, ukuziphatha okubi yilokho okulimaza inhlalakahle nobuqotho babantu, okwephula izindinganiso zokuziphatha nezimiso zokuziphatha ezilawula ubudlelwano babantu. Kubalulekile ukucabangisisa ngezenzo zethu futhi sihlale silwela ukwenza izinto ngendlela efanele nangenhlonipho, kube neqhaza ekwakheni umphakathi onobulungiswa nozwelo.
Ukuziphatha okubhekwa njengokungamukeleki emphakathini: kuyini?
Kunokuziphatha okuningana okubhekwa njengokungamukeleki ngokokuziphatha emphakathini ngoba kwephula izimiso zokuziphatha ezimisiwe kanye nezinkambiso. Lezi zenzo zokuziphatha okubi zingase zihluke kuye ngokwamasiko nesimo senhlalo, kodwa ezinye zilahlwa emhlabeni wonke.
Olunye lwezinhlobo zokuziphatha okungamukelekile udlame, kungaba ngokomzimba, ngamazwi, noma ngokwengqondo. Ukushaya othile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyamshaya noma uyamthuka, kuthathwa njengesenzo esingenabuntu nesinobudlova, esiphula izimiso zenhlonipho nozwela.
Okunye ukuziphatha okugxekwa kakhulu umphakathi ukucwasa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusekelwe kuhlanga, ubulili, ukukhetha ubulili, inkolo, nanoma yisiphi esinye isici. Ukuphatha umuntu ngendlela engalingani futhi ngokungafanele ngenxa yezizathu ezibandlululayo kubhekwa njengokuziphatha okubi nokungabekezeleleki.
A ukungathembeki Kuwukuziphatha okungamukeleki futhi ngokuziphatha, njengoba kuhilela ukuqamba amanga ngamabomu, ukukhohlisa, noma ukweba. Ukuntula ubuqotho kanye nezimiso zokuziphatha ebudlelwaneni phakathi kwabantu kanye nomphakathi kubonakala njengokwephulwa kwezimiso zokuziphatha eziyisisekelo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho inkohlakalo ingesinye isibonelo sokuziphatha okubhekwa njengokuziphatha okubi emphakathini. Umkhuba wokufumbathisa, ukuthonya ukuthengisa, kanye nokukhwatshaniswa kwezinsiza zomphakathi kulimaza umphakathi uwonke, kwehlisa ukwethenjwa ezikhungweni nohulumeni.
Ngamafuphi, ukuziphatha okunjengobudlova, ukucwasa, ukungathembeki, nenkohlakalo kuthathwa njengokungamukeleki emphakathini, njengoba kungqubuzana nezimiso zokuziphatha kanye nezindinganiso eziyisisekelo ezilawula ubudlelwano babantu. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela kanye nokulwa nalezi zenzo zokuziphatha okubi, ukukhuthaza isiko lenhlonipho, ubulungisa, nobuqotho emphakathini wethu.
Izenzo zokuziphatha okubi: izinhlobo nezici, izibonelo
Os izenzo zokuziphatha okubi yilezo eziphikisana nezinkambiso, izinkolelo, kanye nezindinganiso ezimiswe kumthetho wokuziphatha olawula ukuziphatha kweqembu elithile lomphakathi. Zisekelwe kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi ama-anti-values; okungukuthi, okuphambene nezindinganiso zokuziphatha ezamukelekayo.
Ngokuvamile, ukubonisa ukuziphatha okubi kunemiphumela emibi endaweni yomphakathi yalabo abahlanganyela kukho noma kumuntu ngokwakhe. Kungakho umphakathi, ukuphoqelela izimiso zokuziphatha, usola futhi ubabandlulule abantu abenza izenzo zokuziphatha okubi.
Abantu abenza izenzo zokuziphatha okubi ngokuvamile babhekwa njengabagula ngengqondo noma banezinhlobo zobuntu eziqondile. Nokho, noma ubani angakwazi ukuziphatha okubi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
Ithiyori yokuhlukaniswa kokuziphatha ichaza ukuthi lapho abantu behileleka ekuziphatheni okubi, bahlangabezana nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo; babhekana nokungqubuzana kwangaphakathi ngoba ukuziphatha kwabo akufani nesimo sabo sengqondo.
Ukuze kuxazululwe lokhu, bangase bakuchaze kabusha ukuziphatha kwabo, benqabe imiphumela emibi yokuziphatha kwabo, babeke umthwalo kulowo ohlukunyeziwe, futhi balulaze ubuntu bakhe.
Izinhlobo
Izenzo zokuziphatha okubi zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezine: ezizilimazayo, ezizimele, ezimelene neBeijing, nezilimazayo.
Ukuzibhubhisa
Lezi yizenzo zokuziphatha okubi ezilimazayo kumuntu ozenzayo. Leli qembu lihlanganisa izenzo ezinjengokuzibulala, ukuzilimaza, nokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa okubangela ukulimala komzimba.
Abantu ngabanye
Lezi yizenzo zokungaziphathi kahle ezakha umgoqo phakathi komenzi wobubi nabanye. Lezi zenzo zisabela esidingweni sokubeka phambili inhlalakahle.
Kuleli qembu, sinezenzo ezinjengokukhwabanisa, lapho umuntu ekhohlisa noma ekhohlisa omunye noma abanye ngomgomo wokugcina wokwenza inzuzo noma ukuthola uhlobo oluthile lwenzuzo yomuntu siqu.
Kwakudala
Lezi izenzo zokuziphatha okubi ezihlukanisa abantu ngaphandle kokuhambisana nemithetho yokuziphatha. Ngokwesibonelo, ukubukelwa phansi kwamasela noma izifebe akubhekwa njengesenzo sokuziphatha okubi, ngoba ukuhlukaniswa phakathi kwamasela nabangewona amasela noma phakathi kwezifebe nabangezona izifebe kusabela ezindinganisweni zokuziphatha.
Akunjalo lapho abampofu noma abantu abakhubazekile ngokomzimba bekhishwa inyumbazane. Lolu hlobo lwakamuva lokuziphatha lubhekwa njengolungcolile.
Okubhubhisayo
Izenzo zokuziphatha okubi ezihilela ukulimala okusakazekile—okungukuthi, okuthinta umphakathi uwonke—zibhekwa njengezonakalisayo. Leli qembu lihlanganisa izenzo ezinjengokushisa ihlathi.
Izici
- Njengoba ukuziphatha kusekelwe ezimisweni zokuziphatha, kungabonakala ukuthi izenzo zokuziphatha okubi ziphikisana nezindinganiso zokuziphatha.
– Inhloso engachaziwe. Izenzo zokuziphatha okubi, nakuba ngokuvamile zibangela uthuthuva emphakathini, azenziwanga ngaso sonke isikhathi ngenjongo yokulimaza iqembu lezenhlalo.
- Abavunyelwe iqembu labo lezenhlalo. Umphakathi usola futhi ujezise, ngokusemthethweni noma ngokubandlululwa, abantu ababonisa ukuziphatha okubi.
– Zingagxiliswa. Njengoba nje izindinganiso zokuziphatha zifundwa emkhayeni, ukuziphatha okubi kungatholwa ngokuchayeka okuqhubekayo ezenzweni zokuziphatha okubi. Ngakho-ke umuntu uzenza ngokwemvelo ukuziphatha.
– Azikho jikelele. Lokho okungase kubhekwe njengokuziphatha okubi kweminye imiphakathi kungase kungabi njalo kwamanye amaqembu omphakathi; isibonelo, ubungqingili.
Izibonelo
Ezinye izibonelo zezenzo ezibhekwa njengezingcolile yilezi:
Insimbi
Umuntu ontshontshela indoda ubonisa ukuziphatha okubhekwa njengokuziphatha okubi emiphakathini eminingi futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, okujeziselwa umthetho.
Isenzo sokweba sihilela ukulimaza omunye umuntu, isisulu. Lezi zinhlobo zezenzo zisolwa umphakathi futhi zijeziswa ngumthetho.
Ukubulala
Ukubulala kubhekwa njengokuziphatha okubi emiphakathini eminingi. Nokho, lo mbono ungase uhluke kuye ngomongo.
Ngokwesibonelo, esimweni sempi, amasosha abulale izitha eziningi athola izindondo zokuhlonishwa futhi ahlonishwe umphakathi.
Ukungathembeki
Ukungahloniphi ukuzibophezela okwenziwe kumuntu oyedwa nokuqala ubudlelwano bothando nabanye abantu imiphakathi eminingi iyakwenqaba.
Endabeni yokungathembeki, kunezinhlangothi ezintathu ezithintekayo. Umuntu okhohlisiwe nalowo okhashelwe ngaphandle kwesifungo sokwethembeka yizisulu; lowo ophingayo futhi, ezimweni eziningi, umbhangqwana obangele ukuphinga ubhekwa njengonokuziphatha okubi.
Nokho, kuleli qophelo, asinakukhohlwa ukuthi ukwethembeka kufanele kuhunyushwe ngokwesiko. Imiphakathi eminingi yenza isithembu, kungaba ngamalungu womabili noma oyedwa wawo. Kulezi zimo, ukwethembeka—futhi, ngenxa yalokho, izenzo zokuziphatha okubi ezihlobene nakho—kuthola izici ezihlukahlukene.
Zibulale
Ukuzibulala kujeziswa izinkolo eziningi, kuhlanganise nobuKatolika. Umthetho wokuziphatha wamaKatolika uthi abantu abazibulalayo bayoya esihogweni phakade.
Nokho, kwamanye amasiko, njengaseJapane, ukuzibulala akulahlwa. Isibonelo, i-harakiri umkhuba omude phakathi kwama-samurai ukugcina ukuhlonishwa kwawo noma ukuhlawulela ihlazo lawo.
Ukuthumba
Ukuthumba kuhilela ukuphuca isisulu inkululeko yaso. Ngakho-ke, kuyisenzo sokuziphatha okubi esijeziswa ngumthetho futhi esilahlwa umphakathi.
Idla inyama yomuntu
Ukudla inyama yomuntu kubhekwa njengokuziphatha okubi. Nokho, kwezinye izizwe emhlabeni wonke—njengePapua New Guinea—lo mkhuba wenziwa ngaphandle kokungqubuzana nezimiso zokuziphatha ezimisiwe.
Yiba nobugovu
Ukuhaha kulandela ukuqoqwa kwempahla. Isimiso sokuziphatha esisekelwe enkolweni sibeka ukupha njengenani lokuziphatha; ngakho-ke, ukuhaha kubhekwa njengesenzo sokuziphatha okubi. Nokho, emphakathini owandayo othanda ukuthenga nezinto ezibonakalayo, ukuhaha kubhekwa njengomqondo ofanayo nesifiso sokuvelela.
Ukuba nesifiso sokuvelela kungaphakathi kwemithetho yokuziphatha yemiphakathi ethuthukile. Ngakho-ke, uma nje izinto ezibonakalayo zifinyelelwa ngaphandle kokwenza ezinye izenzo zokuziphatha okubi—njengokweba, ukukhohlisa, ukubulala, njll.—umphakathi ngeke ukujezise lokhu kuziphatha.
Izinkomba
- Izinhlobo ezi-4 zama-antivalues nezibonelo. Kuxhunywe ku-psilogíaymente.net
- I-Imoral Consulted at definicion.de
- Bietti, LM (2009). I-cognitive dissonance: izinqubo zengqondo zokuthethelela izenzo zokuziphatha okubi. Kuthathwe ku-Medicina-psicologia.ugr.es
- 1. Izici zezimiso zokuziphatha. Kubonwe ku- features.co
- I-Tong-Keun Min. Ucwaningo Lokulandelana Kwamanani. Kubuyiswe ku-bu.edu