I-Asia iyizwekazi elihlukahlukene, elicebile ngamasiko, amasiko, nezici ezihlukile. Ngaphakathi kwalo mongo, izici eziningi zibhekwa njengezibalulekile ekuqondeni nasekuboneni ubunkimbinkimbi nobuhle besifunda. Lo mbhalo uzokhuluma ngezici ezingu-10 ezibaluleke kakhulu zase-Asia, ezibonisa ukunotha nokuhlukahluka kwaleli zwekazi elithakazelisayo.
Izici eziyinhloko zabantu base-Asia: ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwezici zabo zamasiko nezomlando.
Abantu base-Asia baziwa ngezici ezimbalwa ezihlukile ezibonisa ukuhlukahluka kwabo okucebile kwamasiko nomlando. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izici eziyi-10 ezibaluleke kakhulu zase-Asia ezichaza lezi zibalo ezihlukile.
1. Ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlanga: I-Asia iyikhaya labantu bezizwe ezihlukahlukene, ngalinye linolimi lwalo, amasiko, namasiko. Lokhu kwehlukahlukana kwezinhlanga kunomthelela ekucebeni kwamasiko kulesi sifunda.
2. Amasiko Eminyaka Eyinkulungwane: Amasiko amaningi ase-Asia anamasiko asukela ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka, njengefilosofi yamaShayina, ubuciko baseJapane betiye, nemidanso yendabuko yamaNdiya.
3. Inhlonipho yomndeni: Abantu base-Asia ngokuvamile banezibopho eziqinile nemikhaya yabo, benenhlonipho enkulu ngabadala nokugcizelelwa okunamandla ekuvumelaneni komkhaya.
4. Ingokomoya: Abantu abaningi base-Asia baqhuba uhlobo oluthile lwenkolo noma ingokomoya, njengobuBuddha, ubuHindu, ubuSulumane, noma ubuShinto, obunendima ebalulekile ekuphileni kwabo.
5. Ukwazisa imfundo: Imfundo yaziswa kakhulu emasikweni amaningi ase-Asia, kugcizelelwa kakhulu empumelelweni ezifundweni nasekutholeni iziqu zasenyuvesi.
6. Ukudla okuhlukahlukene: Ukudla kwase-Asia kwaziwa ngokuhlukahluka kwakho kanye nezinongo ezihlukile, nezitsha ezifana ne-sushi yaseJapane, ukhari waseNdiya, nama-noodle aseShayina ajatshulelwa emhlabeni wonke.
7. Umbukiso wezokulwa: Ubuciko bokulwa buyingxenye ebalulekile yesiko lase-Asia, nezitayela ezifana ne-kung fu, ikarate, ne-taekwondo ezijwayezwayo futhi zijatshulelwa kulo lonke izwekazi.
8. Ukuqamba okusha kwezobuchwepheshe: Amazwe ase-Asia afana ne-Japan, i-South Korea, ne-China aziwa ngokusungula izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe, nezinkampani ezifana ne-Sony, i-Samsung, ne-Huawei ehamba phambili ezimakethe zomhlaba.
9. Ukwamukela ngemfudumalo: Abantu base-Asia baziwa ngokungenisa izihambi ngemfudumalo nokwamukela, ngesiko lokwamukela izivakashi ngokuphana nangenhlonipho.
10. Umlando onothile: I-Asia inomlando ocebile noyinkimbinkimbi, onemibuso yasendulo, amakhosi anamandla, nezenzakalo ezibalulekile zomlando ezakha isifunda futhi zaba nomthelela emhlabeni.
Lezi zici eziyingqayizivele zamasiko nezomlando zifaka isandla ebuhleni nasekuhlukeni kwabantu base-Asia.
Izici Ezibalulekile Ze-Asia: Yini Ebaluleke Kakhulu Esifundeni Sase-Asia?
I-Asia iyizwekazi elikhulu nelihlukahlukene, elaziwa ngomlando walo ocebile, amasiko, kanye nomnotho. Kulesi sihloko, sizogqamisa izici eziyi-10 ezibaluleke kakhulu zesifunda sase-Asia, ezisiza ukuchaza ubunikazi baso obuhlukile kanye nomthelela womhlaba wonke.
1. Ukuhlukahluka kwamasiko: I-Asia iyikhaya lamasiko, izilimi, izinkolo namasiko ahlukahlukene. Kusukela eJapane kuya eNdiya, eChina, naseMpumalanga Ephakathi, izwe ngalinye lase-Asia linobuntu balo obuhlukile.
2. Ukukhula komnotho: Eminyakeni yakamuva, i-Asia ibe ngenye yezinjini zokukhula komnotho emhlabeni jikelele. Amazwe afana neChina, Japan, ne-India abambe iqhaza elibalulekile emnothweni womhlaba.
3. Ukuqamba okusha kwezobuchwepheshe: I-Asia yaziwa ngobuholi bayo ekusungulweni kwezobuchwepheshe. Amazwe afana neSouth Korea neTaiwan adume ngezinkampani zawo zobuchwepheshe ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
4. Inani labantu: Njengoba inabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4,5, i-Asia iyikhaya labantu abangaphezu kwengxenye yabantu emhlabeni. Amazwe afana ne-India ne-China yiwona anabantu abaningi emhlabeni.
5. Ubuciko kanye nezakhiwo: I-Asia yaziwa ngesiko layo elicebile lobuciko nezakhiwo. Kusukela emathempelini asendulo kuya kumabhilidi anamuhla, isifunda sinezinhlobonhlobo zezitayela namathonya.
6. Ukupheka: I-Asian cuisine ingenye ethandwa kakhulu futhi yaziswa emhlabeni. Izidlo ezifana ne-sushi, i-curry, ne-dim sum ziyizibonelo ezimbalwa zokuhlukahluka kwe-gastronomic yesifunda.
7. Inkolo: I-Asia iyikhaya lezinye izinkolo ezinkulu emhlabeni, ezihlanganisa ubuHindu, ubuBuddha, nobuSulumane. Inkolo idlala indima ebalulekile ekuphileni kwansuku zonke kwabantu base-Asia abaningi.
8. Imvelo ejabulisayo: I-Asia inezindawo ezihlukene, kusukela emahlathini ashisayo kuya ezintabeni ezimbozwe yiqhwa. Amazwe afana ne-Indonesia ne-Nepal adume ngobuhle bawo bemvelo.
9. I-História antiga: Ngempucuko yasendulo efana ne-China ne-India, i-Asia inomlando ocebile osukela ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka. Izikhumbuzo zomlando nezindawo zemivubukulo zifakazela leli gugu lamasiko.
10. Izinselelo zesimanje: Naphezu kokukhula komnotho nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, i-Asia ibhekene nezinselelo ezinjengokungalingani kwezenhlalo, ukungcola, nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Isifunda sisebenzela ukubhekana nalezi zinkinga ngokubambisana nangokuqhubekayo.
Izici zayo eziyingqayizivele kanye nomthelela ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene kwenza isifunda sase-Asia sibe esibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni.
Thola izici zemvelo ezihlaba umxhwele kakhulu zezwekazi lase-Asia ngokuningiliziwe.
Izwekazi lase-Asia laziwa ngezici zalo zemvelo eziyingqayizivele nezihlukene, eziyenza ibe yindawo ekhetheke ngempela. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izici eziyi-10 ezibaluleke kakhulu zase-Asia ezichaza lesi sifunda esihle kakhulu.
1. Izwekazi elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni: Njengoba ingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-44 zamakhilomitha-skwele, i-Asia iyizwekazi elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni ngokwesisindo somhlaba. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunokuhlukahluka okukhulu kwezindawo nezinhlelo zemvelo okufanele zihlolwe.
2. I-Himalayan Mountain Range: Itholakala eningizimu ye-Asia, izintaba ze-Himalaya ziyikhaya lezintaba eziphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni, kuhlanganise ne-Mount Everest. Lolu chungechunge lwezintaba ludlala indima ebalulekile esimweni sezulu nesimo sendawo.
3. I-Gobi Desert: Itholakala eChina naseMongolia, iGobi Desert ingenye yezingwadule ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni. Indawo yayo eyomile kanye nobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele buheha abathandi bemvelo nososayensi abavela emhlabeni wonke.
4. Amahlathi ashisayo: I-Asia iyikhaya lamahlathi amakhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni asezindaweni ezishisayo, kuhlanganise nalawo ase-Indonesia naseMalaysia. Lezi zindawo zicebile ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo futhi zidlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni isimo sezulu embulungeni yonke.
5. Izilwandle nezilwandle: Njengoba ugu olusemngceleni woLwandlekazi i-Pacific, i-Indian Ocean, kanye noLwandle Lwase-South China, i-Asia izidla ngobuningi bezinsiza zasolwandle kanye nezilwane zasolwandle ezicebile. Amanzi ase-Asia abalulekile emnothweni nangokwesiko lesifunda.
6. Izintaba-mlilo ezisebenzayo: I-Pacific Ring of Fire, enqamula e-Asia, yaziwa ngokuba ngesinye sezifunda ezinentaba-mlilo kanye nokuzamazama komhlaba kakhulu emhlabeni. Izintaba-mlilo ezinjengeNtaba iFuji eJapane neNtaba iKrakatoa e-Indonesia zaziwa ngomsebenzi wazo ongaguquki.
7. Amathafa avundile: Izithafa eziwudedangendlale zase-Asia, njengeThafa laseGanges eNdiya kanye neThafa Lomfula Ophuzi eChina, zaziwa ngokuzala nokubaluleka kwazo kwezolimo. Lezi zindawo zisekela izigidi zabantu futhi zibalulekile ekukhiqizeni ukudla.
8. Isimo sezulu esihlukile: Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo, i-Asia inesimo sezulu esihlukahlukene, kusukela e-Arctic enyakatho yeRussia kuya ezindaweni ezishisayo eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Lokhu kuhlukahluka kwesimo sezulu kuthonya izitshalo, izilwane namasiko akulesi sifunda.
9. Imifula engcwele: I-Asia iyikhaya leminye yemifula engcwele kakhulu emhlabeni, njengomfula iGanges eNdiya kanye nomfula iYangtze eChina. Le mifula idlala indima ebalulekile ezinkolelweni zenkolo nasezimpilweni zansuku zonke zabantu abahlala eduze nosebe lwayo.
10. I-biodiversity eyingqayizivele: Njengoba kunezinhlobonhlobo ezihlaba umxhwele zezitshalo nezilwane, i-Asia ingenye yezindawo ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni. Kusukela ezingwebeni zaseBengal kuya kuma-orangutan aseBornean, le ndawo iyikhaya lezilwane zasendle ezingenakuqhathaniswa.
Izici zamasiko ezibaluleke kakhulu zase-Asia: okudingeka ukwazi.
Uma kukhulunywa nge-Asia, kunenombolo yezici ezibalulekile zamasiko ezibalulekile okufanele uziqonde. Ukuhlukahluka kwamasiko nomlando ocebile wezwekazi lase-Asia kwenza lezi zici zihehe nakakhulu. Nazi izici eziyi-10 ezibaluleke kakhulu zase-Asia okufanele uzazi:
1. Amasiko Eminyaka Eyinkulungwane: I-Asia iyikhaya lezinye izimpucuko ezindala kakhulu emhlabeni, njengamaShayina, amaNdiya, namaJapane. Amasiko abo asendulo anethonya elikhulu ekuphileni kwansuku zonke namasiko abantu base-Asia.
2. Ingokomoya: Ingokomoya liyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwabantu base-Asia, njengoba izinkolo ezinjengobuBuddha, ubuHindu, ubuSulumane nobuTao zinendima ebalulekile ekuphileni kwabantu.
3. Ukuhlonipha umndeni: Umndeni uthathwa njengesisekelo somphakathi wase-Asia, futhi ukuhlonipha abadala kanye nabaphathi bomndeni kuyisici esibalulekile samasiko emazweni amaningi ase-Asia.
4. Ukudla okuhlukahlukene: Ukudla kwase-Asia kwaziwa ngokuhlukahluka kwakho kanye nama-flavour ahlukile. Izidlo ezifana ne-sushi, i-curry, i-dim sum, ne-pho ziyizibonelo ezimbalwa zesiko lase-Asia elicebile lokupheka.
5. Ubuciko bendabuko: I-Asia yaziwa ngobuciko bayo bendabuko, obufana nemidwebo kasilika yaseShayina, izitsha zobumba zaseJapane, umdanso wakudala waseNdiya, kanye nezakhiwo zamaSulumane. Lezi zindlela zobuciko zibonisa umlando namasiko ezwe ngalinye.
6. Ubuciko bokulwa: Ubuciko bokulwa obufana ne-Kung Fu, i-Karate, i-Jiu-Jitsu, ne-Taekwondo inemvelaphi e-Asia futhi iyingxenye ebalulekile yesiko nobunikazi base-Asia.
7. Imikhosi yendabuko: Imikhosi yendabuko efana noNyaka Omusha WaseShayina, i-Indian Diwali, ne-Thai Songkran igujwa ngesasasa elikhulu kulo lonke elase-Asia, ebonisa ukuhlukahluka kwamasiko namasiko ahlukile ezwe ngalinye.
8. Indlela yokuziphatha nephrothokholi: I-Etiquette kanye ne-protocol yizici ezibalulekile zesiko lase-Asia, ezinemithetho ecacile yokuziphatha ezimweni ezihlukahlukene zomphakathi. Ukuhlonipha izikhundla nesizotha kuyizinto ezibalulekile emasikweni amaningi ase-Asia.
9. Ubuchwepheshe kanye nokuqanjwa kabusha: I-Asia yaziwa ngokuziphendukela kwayo okusheshayo kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokusungula izinto ezindaweni ezifana nobuhlakani bokwenziwa, ubuchwepheshe beselula, namarobhothi. Amazwe afana neJapan, iSouth Korea, neChina ahamba phambili kwezobuchwepheshe bomhlaba.
10. Izindawo ezimangalisayo: I-Asia iyizwekazi elinezindawo ezimangalisayo, kusukela eziqhingini zase-Himalaya ezimbozwe yiqhwa kuya emabhishi aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Imvelo idlala indima ebalulekile emasikweni ase-Asia nangokomoya.
Ukwazi lezi zici zamasiko eziyi-10 ezibaluleke kakhulu zase-Asia kungakusiza ukuthi wazise kangcono futhi uqonde lesi sifunda esihehayo somhlaba.
Izimpawu Eziyi-10 Ezibaluleke Kakhulu Zase-Asia
As izici zase-Asia yizo zonke lezo zici ezihlukile ezimele izwekazi lase-Asia, ngobukhulu balo, ubunkimbinkimbi kanye nendima yalo emhlabeni.
I-Asia iyizwekazi elikhulu nelinabantu abaningi emhlabeni. Ihlanganisa indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele angama-44, emele u-541.138% wendawo yomhlaba.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani labantu bakhona alinakuqhathaniswa emhlabeni, lifinyelela cishe izakhamuzi ezingu-4393000000. Leli zwekazi liyikhaya lamazwe amabili anabantu abaningi emhlabeni: i-India kanye ne-People's Republic of China.
I-Asia ngokungangabazeki iyizwekazi elihluke kakhulu emhlabeni. IZizwe Ezihlangene ziyihlukanise yaba izifunda eziyisithupha, ngayinye imelela ububanzi obugcwele bezwekazi.
Ukuhlalisana kwamasiko ahlukahlukene kuhlala unomphela e-Asia, njengoba amasiko ama-Arabhu namaPheresiya ehlala ndawonye namanye amaningi, kuhlanganise nawo wonke amanye amasiko amaSulumane, amasiko aseMpumalanga aseShayina, eJapane, naseKorea, nalawo ase-Indochina, ahambisana namaqoqo eziqhingi aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Konke lokhu ngaphandle kokudebeselela amasiko aseRussia namaNdiya.
Njengoba iyizwekazi eliyinkimbinkimbi ngokwamasiko, izingxabano ziyinto yansuku zonke, ikakhulukazi ethinta imingcele yezindawo zamazwe amaningi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo yezwe ihluke kakhulu futhi inothe kakhulu, okuyenza ibe yizwekazi eliheha izivakashi kanye nemvelo.
Uhlu Lwezinsiza zase-Asia
Njenganoma iyiphi indawo ebonakalayo, i-Asia inezici ezithile iningi lezindawo zayo ezabelana ngazo futhi ezichaza ukwakheka kwayo kwemvelo nendawo.
Ezinye zazo yilezi:
I-1. A I-Asia inomngcele wezwe
Izwekazi lase-Asia alinawo umngcele wendawo ocacile, ikakhulukazi emngceleni walo osentshonalanga.
Inqunyelwe empumalanga naseningizimu yiPacific Ocean, eningizimu yi-Indian Ocean futhi entshonalanga yiYurophu ngezwe.
Nakuba izwekazi lase-Eurasia kubhekiselwa kulo, umngcele ophakathi kwe-Asia neYurophu ngokwesiko uchazwa yi-Ural Mountains, etholakala eRussia.
Ngale ndlela, kwakungenzeka ukuhlukanisa amazwekazi amabili ngokwezombusazwe.
2. Ubuningi bezilimi
I-Asia iyindawo ecebe ngokwedlulele ngokwesiko futhi lokhu kubonakala enanini lezilimi ezikhulunywayo.
Ngokusemthethweni, cishe kunezilimi ezihlukene ezingama-54, ezixuba izilimi zaseYurophu njengesiPutukezi e-East Timor naseMacau, isiNgisi eHong Kong naseSingapore noma isiGreki eCyprus.
Kodwa izilimi eziningi zingezomdabu, njengesi-Arabhu, isiMandarin Chinese, isiJapane, isiKorea, isiPheresiya, isiPashto, isiFilipino, isiHindi, isiMarathi, isiGeorgia, isi-Abkhaz, isiRashiya, isi-Indonesian, isiKurdish, isiHebheru, isiTurkey, phakathi kwezinye eziningi.
3. Izinkolo ezihlukahlukene
Ukuhlukahluka kwamasiko nakho kubonakala ngokucacile kuzo zonke izinkolo eziqhutshwa ezwenikazi lase-Asia. Kungashiwo ukuthi kunezici ezintathu eziyinhloko, nezinkolo ezithile ezincane.
Engxenyeni esentshonalanga yezwekazi, inkolo ekhonyayo ngamaMuslim, emazweni anjengePalestine, Jordan, Syria, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan kanye ne-Azerbaijan.
Zikhona futhi engxenyeni esentshonalanga, ikakhulukazi eNdiya naseNingizimu-mpumalanga Asia: Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia, Comoros.
Ezinye izici eziyinhloko ubuHindu eNdiya kanye nobuBuddha nobuConfucian eChina. UbuShinto budlangile eJapane.
Ingcosana yinkolo yobuJuda kwa-Israyeli, inkolo yobuKrestu eGeorgia, eCyprus nase-Armenia, iZoroastrianism, idlanzana elincane kakhulu e-Iran naseNdiya, phakathi kwabanye.
4. Inani elikhulu labantu
I-Asia iyizwekazi elinabantu abaningi kakhulu emhlabeni, elinabantu ababalelwa ku-4393000000.
Ngokuvamile abantu bakhuluma ngenani labantu baseShayina abakhona, ngoba i-People's Republic of China iyizwe elinabantu abaningi emhlabeni, elinezakhamuzi ezingu-1369811006.
Isibalo sabantu baseNdiya sisondele kakhulu ekufinyeleleni eChina, njengoba inezakhamuzi ezilinganiselwa ku-1210193422, okulenza libe ngamazwe amabili anabantu abaningi emhlabeni.
I-Indonesia iyizwe lesine elinabantu abaningi, iPakistan ingeyesithupha, iBangladesh ibe ngowesishiyagalombili, iRussia ibe ngowesishiyagalolunye kanti iJapan ingeyeshumi.
5. Indawo ebanzi
Usayizi ungenye yezinto ezigqama kakhulu e-Asia, ngoba iyizwekazi elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni.
Inendawo engamakhilomitha-skwele ayi-44541138, ehlanganisa amazwe angama-49. Le ndawo inkulu ngokwedlulele, iqala entshonalanga nomngcele wezwe phakathi kweYurophu ne-Asia futhi iphelele empumalanga noLwandlekazi iPacific.
Okuyingozi kakhulu umngcele oseduze ne-Alaska, e-United States, ehlukaniswe iBering Strait.
6. Impumuzo igqanyisiwe emhlabeni
Impumuzo ebaluleke kakhulu yeplanethi itholakala ezwenikazi lase-Asia. Izintaba ezimbili ezibalulekile emhlabeni zitholakala e-Asia futhi zihlanganiswe ndawonye ohlelweni lwe-Himalaya.
Lolu hlelo luhlanganisa izintaba eziyikhulu zokuqala eziphakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni, kuhlanganise nezintaba eziyishumi nane ezingaphezu kwamamitha ayizinkulungwane eziyisishiyagalombili ukuphakama.
Iziqongo eziphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni yi-Everest kanye ne-K2, cishe ngamamitha ayizinkulungwane eziyisishiyagalolunye.
7. Umnotho osafufusa nobusayo
Iminyaka eminingi, umnotho wawubuswa ngokuphelele emazwenikazi aseYurophu futhi kamuva eNyakatho Melika.
Ekugcineni, eminyakeni yamuva nje, umnotho wase-Asia uqhamuke ngokuqinile neChina ephethe izintambo.
Nakuba iSoviet Union yayinamandla ezimboni, iChina njengamanje ingelinye lamazwe anamandla kwezomnotho, iba umkhiqizi wazo zonke izinhlobo zezimpahla ezikhiqizwayo.
I-India nayo iqhamuke kakhulu emkhakheni wezomnotho.
8. Amandla ezivakashi
Ezokuvakasha e-Asia ziyadlondlobala. Nakuba leli zwekazi lingazange liqale ukuthuthukisa imboni yezokuvakasha eyinkimbinkimbi, izindawo ezifana neShanghai neBeijing eChina, iTokyo eJapane, iKuala Lumpur eMalaysia, iJerusalema kwa-Israyeli nePalestine, iDubai e-United Arab Emirates, iTehran e-Iran, iDelhi neMumbai eNdiya, iSeoul eNingizimu Korea, iHanoi eVietnam, phakathi kwezinye eziningi, ivakashelwa izigidi zezivakashi unyaka nonyaka.
9. Umcebo wemvelo
Izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezikhona ezwenikazi lase-Asia uma uthi nhlá.
Nakuba ingxenye esentshonalanga ibuswa ngokuphelele uGwadule Lwase-Arabia, entshonalanga kunezinkangala ezishiwo ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-3.500 XNUMX ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, lapho kuvela khona imidondoshiya yezintaba.
Kukhona nezingwadule kule ngxenye, njengeGobi, futhi enyakatho kunezimila ezingamaqele ne-tundra.
Engxenyeni eseningizimu, uhlaza lufana nehlathi, luminyene futhi lugcwele izihlahla zezithelo.
10. Ukuhlukahluka kwesimo sezulu
Ngokuhlobene eduze nokunotha kwemvelo, kungaqondwa ukuthi i-Asia ihluke ngokuphelele.
Isimo sezulu sasogwadule sivame kakhulu, lapho ezinyangeni zasehlobo amazinga okushisa angafinyelela ku-50 degrees Celsius, kodwa ebusuku angehla aze afike ku-zero.
Ezifundeni zaseTibet, lapho kuvela khona isimiso se-Himalaya, isimo sezulu singesinye sezindawo ezibanda kakhulu emhlabeni, okusenza sibe ngesinye sezifunda ezingewona ama-polar emhlabeni.
Izindawo ezishisayo zibonwa e-Indian subcontinent naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, ikakhulukazi eziqhingini eziseningizimu.
Izinkomba
- Chandrasekhar, S, Nikolaevna N. et al. (2017). E-Asia Inkampani engu-Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. . Kubuyiswe ku-britannica.com.
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