Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwengqondo kungamathuluzi asetshenziswa izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo ukuze zihlole izici ezihlukahlukene zobuntu bomuntu, ukuziphatha, namakhono engqondo. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokuhlolwa kwengqondo, ngayinye inemisebenzi yayo ethile nezici. Kulo mbhalo, sizohlola ezinye zezinhlobo eziyinhloko zokuhlolwa kwengqondo, sigqamisa izinhlelo zabo zokusebenza nokuthi zingasiza kanjani enqubweni yokuhlola kwengqondo.
Izinhlobo zokuhlola kwengqondo: funda ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhlola ezisetshenziswa kusayikholoji.
Ukuhlola okungokwengqondo kungamathuluzi ayisisekelo okuqonda ukusebenza kwengqondo nemizwa yabantu. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokuhlolwa kwengqondo, ngalunye olunemisebenzi ethile nezici.
Olunye lwezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokuhlolwa kwengqondo ukuhlolwa kobuntu, okuhlose ukuhlola izici zobuntu, ukuziphatha, kanye nemizwa. Phakathi kokuhlolwa kobuntu okwaziwa kakhulu yi- MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) kanye ne- 16PF (16 Personality Factors).
Olunye uhlobo lokuhlolwa kwengqondo ukuhlolwa kobuhlakani, okuhlose ukuhlola amakhono omuntu okuqonda. Ukuhlolwa kwe -IQ (Intelligence Quotient) kungenye yezivivinyo zobuhlakani ezidumile nezisetshenziswa kabanzi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezivivinyo ze-neuropsychological, ezihlose ukuhlola imisebenzi yokuqonda kanye nokusebenza kobuchopho. Izivivinyo ezifana ne- WCST (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test) kanye ne- RBANS (Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status) ziyizibonelo zezivivinyo ze-neuropsychological.
Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo kungasetshenziswa futhi ukuhlola izifo zengqondo, njengokukhathazeka nokucindezeleka. I -BDI (Beck Depression Inventory) kanye ne- BAI (Beck Anxiety Inventory) ziyizibonelo zokuhlolwa ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlola lezi zinkinga.
Uhlobo ngalunye lokuhlola lunemisebenzi yalo kanye nezici zalo, okwenza lubaluleke ukulisebenzisa ngokuziphatha nangokuzibophezela.
Kubaluleke kangakanani ukuhlolwa kwengqondo ekuhloleni kwengqondo kanye nokuxilongwa?
Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwengqondo kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuhloleni kwengqondo nasekuxilongweni, njengoba kunikeza ochwepheshe ulwazi olunenjongo nolulinganisekayo mayelana nokusebenza kwengqondo nemizwa yomuntu. Lawa mathuluzi avumela ukuhlaziya okujulile kwezici zomuntu ezingokwengqondo, ukusiza ukuqonda indlela yokuziphatha, imicabango, kanye nemizwa yakhe.
Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo kusiza ochwepheshe ukukhomba ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okungaba khona, ukuphazamiseka kwemizwelo, amakhono okuqonda, kanye nezici zobuntu kumuntu ngamunye. Zibuye zibe usizo ekuthuthukiseni izinhlelo zokungenelela kanye nokuqapha ukuqhubeka kokwelashwa kwengqondo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlola kwengqondo kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukucabangela kanye nokunemba ekuhlolweni kwezindaba ezingokwengqondo, ukuvimbela ukwahlulela okuqondile kochwepheshe ekuthonyeni ukuxilongwa. Banikeza isisekelo esiqinile sokuthatha izinqumo zomtholampilo futhi basize ekuqinisekiseni ikhwalithi yokunakekelwa kwesiguli.
Izinhlobo zokuhlolwa kwengqondo: imisebenzi nezici zazo
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokuhlolwa kwengqondo, ngayinye inemisebenzi yayo ethile nezici. Ukuhlolwa kobuntu, isibonelo, kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola izici nezici zengqondo zomuntu ngamunye, kuyilapho ukuhlola kobuhlakani kulinganisa amakhono okuqonda kanye namandla obuhlakani.
Ezinye izinhlobo zokuhlolwa kwengqondo zihlanganisa ukuhlola kwe-neuropsychological assessment, okuphenya imisebenzi yengqondo neyokuziphatha ehlobene nokusebenza kobuchopho, kanye nokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwengqondo nomphakathi, okuhlaziya isimo somuntu senhlalo nemizwa.
Kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi ukuhlola kwengqondo kufanele kwenziwe futhi kuhunyushwe ochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufaneleka nokwethembeka kwemiphumela. Kufanele zisetshenziswe njengethuluzi elihambisanayo ekuhlolweni komtholampilo, kube nengxenye ekuqondeni okuphelele kwesiguli kanye nokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokwelapha olufanele.
Izigaba zokuhlukaniswa zokuhlolwa kwengqondo: ukuhlaziya okuphelele nokunemininingwane.
Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwengqondo kungamathuluzi abalulekile asetshenziswa izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo nochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo ukuhlola izici ezihlukahlukene zokusebenza kwengqondo yomuntu. Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo kuwela ezigabeni ezahlukene, ezingahlaziywa ngokuningiliziwe nangokuningiliziwe.
Esinye sezigaba zokuhlukanisa izivivinyo zengqondo yindlela yokuphatha . Izivivinyo zingahlukaniswa njengezivivinyo ngazinye, ezinikezwa abantu ngabanye, noma izivivinyo zeqembu, ezinikezwa iqembu labantu ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Esinye isigaba esibalulekile inhloso yokuhlolwa . Ezinye izivivinyo zengqondo zisetshenziselwa ukuhlola ubuntu bomuntu, kanti ezinye zenzelwe ukuhlola izici zokuqonda, ngokomzwelo, noma zokuziphatha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izivivinyo zengqondo zingahlukaniswa ngokwethiyori yengqondo eyisisekelo sokwakhiwa kwazo. Isibonelo, kunezivivinyo ezisekelwe kuthiyori ye-psychoanalytic, ithiyori yokuziphatha, ithiyori yobuntu, phakathi kwezinye.
Okokugcina, izivivinyo zengqondo zingahlukaniswa ngokwendlela imiphumela elinganiswa ngayo . Ezinye izivivinyo zisebenzisa izikali zokulinganisa, ezinye zisebenzisa imibuzo enezinketho eziningi, futhi kukhona nezivivinyo ezihilela imisebenzi esebenzayo noma ukuqaphela ukuziphatha komuntu.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda izici nemisebenzi yohlobo ngalunye lokuhlola ukuze uyisebenzise ngendlela efanele nangempumelelo ekusebenzeni komtholampilo.
Izici eziyinhloko zokuhlolwa kwengqondo: yini ebalulekile ukwazi ngazo.
Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwengqondo kungamathuluzi asetshenziswa izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo ukuze zihlole izici ezihlukahlukene zobuntu bomuntu, ubuhlakani, namakhono okuqonda. Lezi zivivinyo zisezingeni futhi zinezici ezithile ezizenza zibe usizo futhi zithembeke.
Esinye sezici eziyinhloko zokuhlolwa kwe-psychometric ukufaneleka kwazo , okungukuthi, ikhono lokuhlolwa lokulinganisa lokho okuhloswe ukukulinganisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthembeka kungenye isici esibalulekile, esibonisa ukuvumelana kwemiphumela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nasezimweni ezahlukene.
Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo nakho kujwayelekile , okusho ukuthi kusetshenziswe kusampula emele inani labantu ukuze kusungulwe imigomo yokuqhathanisa. Lokhu kuvumela imiphumela ukuthi ihunyushwe ngendlela efanele, kucatshangelwa isilinganiso senani labantu kanye nokuphambuka okujwayelekile.
Esinye isici esibalulekile sokuhlolwa kwe-psychometric ukungakhethi hlangothi kwazo , njengoba indlela ukuhlolwa okwenziwa ngayo kanye nokuthola amaphuzu ijwayelekile, kunciphisa ithonya lokwahlulela komuntu ohlolayo.
Kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi izivivinyo ze-psychometric kufanele ziqondiswe ochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe abanolwazi lwendlela yokuhumusha imiphumela futhi bazi ukuthi bangayisebenzisa kanjani ngokuziphatha nangokuzibophezela.
Izinhlobo zokuhlolwa kwengqondo: imisebenzi nezici zazo
Ku-psychology, ukuhlola isimo sengqondo somuntu ofuna ukubonisana noma odinga izinsizakalo zethu kuyinto edingekayo futhi ebalulekile.
Ochwepheshe bezengqondo banamathuluzi ahlukahlukene okusebenzisa lokhu kuhlola, okuhlanganisa nezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhlolwa kwengqondo.
Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo: umqondo
Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo kubhekwa njenganoma yiluphi ukuhlolwa, indlela, noma ithuluzi elisetshenziselwa ukuhlola noma ukukala esinye noma ngaphezulu sezici ezahlukene ezakha ingqondo yomuntu. Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo kusekelwe ekuziphatheni okubonakalayo kanye nokubonakaliswa kobuntu balabo abahlaziywayo, ukuze kutholakale izici nesimo sengqondo somuntu ohlukunyezwayo, okudinga ukuhlaziywa okulandelayo ukuze kukhishwe ulwazi olubalulekile ngokwezokwelapha.
Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo kuzama, ngangokunokwenzeka, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ulwazi olutholwe ngokuphathwa kwazo luyasebenza futhi luthembekile , luzama ukubonakalisa lokho okuhloswe ukuba kulinganiswe (akumelwe sikhohlwe ukuthi izici zengqondo ziyizinto ezakhiwe ezingabonakali ngqo) nokuthi zingaphindaphindwa abanye ochwepheshe (okungukuthi, ulwazi olutholwa ngomunye umuntu ngesihloko lungatholwa ngomunye uchwepheshe uma enza isilinganiso esifanayo).
Ngokufanayo, amaphuzu atholiwe adinga ukuguqulwa ukuze abe nenjongo, futhi ngokuvamile aqhathaniswa nesilinganiso esitholwe amasampuli amele abantu, nokusebenza kwangaphambilini ngokwako noma ngombandela osungulwe ngaphambilini.
Ngokusekelwe kulo mqondo, izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhlolwa kwengqondo ziye zaklanywa, zadalwa ngokulandela izindlela ezahlukene kanye nezinhloso ezahlukene.
Ubukhulu nezinhlobo zokuhlolwa kwengqondo okutholiwe
Lapho senza ukuhlolwa kwengqondo, kunezici ezimbalwa okufanele sizicabangele lapho sihlola ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lolwazi esifuna ukuluthola nokuthi sizoluthola kanjani.
Ezinye zezilinganiso eziyinhloko okufanele zihlolwe yilezi ezilandelayo.
1. Izinga lesakhiwo
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhlolwa kwengqondo zingahluka kakhulu, njengoba ulwazi oluceliwe lufushane kakhulu noma umhlaziyi usala enenkululeko eyengeziwe noma encane yokuziveza.
Lesi sici sibalulekile ekutholeni ulwazi . Ukuba nokuhlolwa okuhlelekile kuzovumela izimpendulo ezimfushane nezifushane, kuqondise ukuhlolwa ezicini ezibhekwa njengezifanele kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, inani elikhulu lolwazi olufanele olungasiza ekulungiseni nasekuqondeni kangcono isimo sengqondo somuntu oxoxwayo lungalahleka.
Ngalo mqondo, singathola izinhlobo ezingahlelekile zokuhlolwa kwengqondo (lapho okuqukethwe kokuhlola kuhluka kuye ngezimpendulo zesifundo), okusakheke kancane (lapho, nakuba inkululeko yokuphendula inikezwa futhi imibuzo ihluka kuye ngolwazi olubonisiwe, sizama ukulandela umbhalo onqunyelwe ngaphambili noma onqunyelwe) noma ohlelekile (lapho, nakuba izimpendulo ezinikeziwe, kucatshangelwa khona ukuhlolwa kwangaphambili)
2. Izinga lokuzithandela
Ngokuzithandela, sibhekisela ezingeni umuntu alawula ngalo impendulo ekhishwayo. Isibonelo, uma kwenziwa i-electroencephalogram, umuntu akanalo igunya lempendulo ayikhiphayo, kanti kwezinye izivivinyo umuntu anganquma uhlobo lwempendulo ayinikezayo.
3. Izinga lokufihla
Ukufiphaza kuqondwa njengezinga umuntu azi ngalo inhloso yokuhlolwa noma ukuhlolwa okusetshenziswayo kanye/noma izincazelo zezimpendulo zakhe. Ngalo mqondo, ukuhlolwa kungafiphaza (njengokuhlolwa kweRorschach, lapho umuntu engazi ukuthi izimpendulo zakhe zisho ukuthini) noma cha.
4. Izinga lokucabangela
Izinga lokungakhethi kwemininingwane libhekisela ezingeni lapho izimpendulo zitholakala khona ekucabangeni kwesiguli noma idatha ebonakalayo nebonakalayo. Ngale ndlela, singathola izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhlolwa kwengqondo , ukuhlolwa okuqondile kanye nokuhlolwa okucashile , yize zonke izinsimbi zokulinganisa zingahlolwa kulokhu.
Ngokwenombolo ye
Uma sicabanga ngokuhlolwa kwengqondo, ngokuvamile sicabanga isimo lapho umuntu ehlaziywa uchwepheshe, ngokuvamile emkhakheni wezokwelashwa noma wezinsiza zabantu.
Kodwa-ke, kulezi zimo noma kwezinye, kuvame ukuba khona ukwenza ukuhlolwa okuhlanganyelwe kwabantu abaningana noma ngisho nokuhlola iqembu lonke. Ukuze uthole lolu lwazi:
1. Ukuhlolwa komuntu ngamunye
Lezi yizinhlobo zezivivinyo zengqondo lapho kuhlolwa khona izici noma ukusebenza kwesifundo esisodwa . Ngokuvamile, yisivivinyo esidinga izinga elithile lobuchwepheshe ukuze siphathwe, futhi sihlinzeka ngolwazi oluningi ngomuntu ngamunye. Ngokufanayo, kuvumela ukwakha ubuhlobo nomhloli, okumenza akwazi ukubona nokuhlaziya izici ezahlukahlukene ezingase zifakwe noma zingafakwanga esivivinyweni.
2. Ukuhlolwa kweqembu noma kweqembu
Ukuhlolwa kweqembu yileyo eyenziwa ngamaqembu. Ngokuvamile kudinga izinga eliphansi lokuqeqeshwa ukuze kusetshenziswe kunezivivinyo ngazinye. Nakuba zonga isikhathi nemali , ngokuvamile zihilela ukulahleka kolwazi ngomuntu ngamunye, futhi ukuhlolwa yisazi sokusebenza kwengqondo noma umhloli kunzima kakhulu.
Kuye ngokuqukethwe
Ukuhlolwa kungahlukaniswa futhi ngokohlobo lokuqukethwe kwengqondo okuklanyelwe ukukuhlola . Ngale ndlela, singathola izinhlobo ezilandelayo zokuhlolwa kwengqondo.
1. Intelligence Test
Amandla obuhlakani angenye yezici ezibaluleke kakhulu emlandweni wonke. Ukusetshenziswa kwawo kuhlose ukuthola amandla kanye nekhono lokuzivumelanisa nezimo nokusebenzisa amasu ahlukahlukene , kanye nekhono lokugcina nokusebenzisa izinsizakusebenza zengqondo zomuntu siqu.
2. Ukuhlolwa kwamakhono
Kodwa amakhono engqondo awagcini ekuhlakanipheni kuphela, nezinye izici eziningi ezivumela ukuziphatha kwethu ukuthi kusebenze kangcono noma kancane endaweni eyodwa noma ngaphezulu. Lolu hlobo lokuhlolwa olusetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ekukhetheni abasebenzi , lubonisa ikhono ezicini ezithile zeqiniso futhi luvumela ukubikezela ukusebenza kahle nokusebenza kwesihloko.
3. Ukuhlolwa kobuntu
Abantu bavame ukuziphatha nokubona umhlaba ngendlela ethile, iphethini esiyithola ngokwengxenye ngefa futhi ngokwengxenye ngokusho kokuhlangenwe nakho kwethu kulo lonke intuthuko. Ukulinganisa la maphethini okuziphatha , izinkolelo, imizwa, kanye nemicabango kusenza sikwazi ukuthola umbono wendlela umuntu ohlolwayo aba ngayo, kanye nendlela avame ukubona noma ukwenza ngayo emhlabeni.
4. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Psychopathology
Ukuba khona kwezinkinga zempilo yengqondo ngisho nokuphazamiseka kuyisici esivame kakhulu emphakathini wanamuhla. Ukuthola lezi zinkinga kusenza sikwazi ukuqondisa umuntu ngezinyathelo ezahlukene kanye nokwelashwa okufanele kusetshenziswe ukuze kuxazululwe ubunzima abhekene nabo.
- Ungase ube nentshisekelo kulokhu: ” Izifo zengqondo eziyi-16 ezivame kakhulu “
5. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Neuropsychological
Lolu hlobo lokuhlolwa kwengqondo lusetshenziselwa ukusiza ekunqumeni isimo sengqondo somuntu kanye nokuqonda , ngokuvamile lusebenza kubantu abaye babhekana nohlobo oluthile lokulimala. Ngakho-ke, inhloso eyenzelwe yona ukuhlola izinga lomonakalo ongaba khona ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zezinqubo zengqondo.
6. Ukuhlolwa kokuthuthuka/ukuguga
Lolu hlobo lokuhlolwa lusetshenziselwa ukuhlola izinga umuntu akhula ngalo kulo lonke umjikelezo wokuphila , kubhekwe ukuba khona kwezinguquko futhi kuqhathaniswe izinga lokukhula maqondana nemithethonqubo.
7. Ukuhlolwa kwentshisekelo/ubizo lomsebenzi
Zisekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kwezinto ezithandwa yilowo muntu, okuvumela isiqondiso maqondana nemigomo noma izinhloso ezithile . Ngokuvamile zisetshenziswa kubantu abasha abadlula ebusheni noma ngemva kobusha abadinga isiqondiso ekunqumeni indlela yabo yemfundo.
Ngokusekelwe kumibandela yokusebenza
Esinye isici esibalulekile sokwenza isivivinyo ukucabangela ukuthi sizohlolwa kanjani. Kulokhu, singathola izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuhlolwa kwengqondo.
1. Ukuhlolwa okuphezulu kokukhishwa
Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza okuphezulu kuhlose ukuhlola amandla aphezulu omuntu esimisweni esithile sengqondo noma isici. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza kahle komuntu ngamunye kuyacatshangelwa, isikhathi esidingekayo ukuqedela umsebenzi sibalulekile , kanti isici esilinganisiwe sihlolwa ngokuya ngokunemba kanye nesivinini saso. Amasu omgomo futhi ngezinye izikhathi e-psychometric avame ukusebenzisa lolu hlobo lwenqubo, njengasekuhlolweni kobuhlakani noma kwe-neuropsychological.
2. Ukuhlolwa kokubulawa okujwayelekile
Lolu hlobo lokuhlolwa lubonakala ngokufuna ukuhlola ukusebenza komuntu noma izici ezijwayelekile emisebenzini ethile noma ezicini ezithile, okungukuthi, okujwayelekile nokujwayelekile kumuntu ngamunye. Isikhathi esidingekayo ukuze kuqedwe umsebenzi oceliwe asithakazelisi noma asibalulekile ngokwaso. Ngaphakathi kwaleli qembu, ngokuvamile kunezindlela ezizimele nezibonisa ukuthi umuntu ungumuntu onjani ezihlola izici ezifana nobuntu bakhe.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwePervin
Uma kucatshangelwa zonke izici zangaphambilini, abalobi abaningana bakhiqize izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhlolwa kwengqondo emlandweni wonke. Enye yezinhlobo ezisakazeke kakhulu futhi ezamukelekayo yileyo kaPervin , ebheka ukuba khona kwalezi zigaba ezilandelayo.
1. Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo
Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo yilezo ezisetshenziselwa ukukala izici ezithile zengqondo , njengokuhlola ubuhlakani noma ikhono. Luhlobo olulodwa lokuhlolwa kwengqondo olucabanga ukuthi abantu bazophendula ngokwethembeka, besebenzisa ukuhlolwa okungafihliwe lapho izimpendulo zilawulwa ngokuzithandela ngumuntu othintekayo.
Zihlelwe kahle kakhulu futhi zivame ukusetshenziswa kokubili ezindaweni zezokwelapha kanye nasemsebenzini nasemfundweni.
2. Izinjongo zokuhlola
Njengoba luhlelwe kahle kakhulu, lolu hlobo lokuhlolwa lusekelwe ezintweni ezihambisanayo zemvelo ukuze kulinganiswe isici esithile. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izimpendulo ezinikeziwe azizizo ezokuzithandela futhi azikwazi ukuguqulwa. Kodwa-ke, inhloso yokuhlolwa ivame ukuba sobala, ngakho-ke ingabhekwa njengengafihliwe. Kusetshenziswa amathuluzi namadivayisi ahlukene ukuqopha izimpendulo zomuntu ngamunye, hhayi kuye ngomhloli wokuqopha uqobo. Izibonelo ezijwayelekile zokuhlolwa okuqondile zifaka phakathi i-polygraph noma i-biofeedback.
Ngaphakathi kokuhlolwa kwenhloso, singathola:
- Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo . Linganisa izici ezifana nokunaka, ukugxilisa ingqondo noma ukubona
- izinjini zokuhlola . Linganisa ukusebenza kwezimpendulo zemisipha ezintweni ezihlukahlukene
- ukuhlolwa kwe-psychophysiological . Bahlola ubudlelwano phakathi kokuziphatha kanye nokusebenza komzimba ezicini ezinjengokuphefumula, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, izinga lokushisa, ukuphendula ngokocansi noma ukugayeka kokudla.
3. Ukuhlolwa kwezihloko
Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokuhlolwa kwengqondo, ukulinganisa izici zobuntu bomuntu kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe ngokusekelwe ekuziqinisekiseni noma ekuchazeni kwakhe okunikezwe yilowo muntu, ngokusho kochungechunge lwezinto. Ezimpendulweni zokuzithandela, umuntu angazama ukukhohlisa ulwazi olunikeziwe , yize kusetshenziswa izikali ezahlukene zokuthembeka ukuthola imizamo enjalo. Ngokuvamile zihlelwe kancane futhi zivumelaniswe nenhloso noma isici esithile esilinganiswayo.
4. Izivivinyo ezilindelekile
Ukuhlolwa kwezihloko ngokuvamile kusetshenziselwa ukuhlaziya izici ezijulile nezici zobuntu bomuntu ngamunye. Lolu wuhlobo lokuhlola olwenziwa kancane oluhlelekile, njengoba alukhawuleli impendulo yesihloko nganoma iyiphi indlela futhi lubheka zonke izimpendulo njengencazelo evumelekile okufanele ihlaziywe futhi ihlolwe.
Lezi zimpendulo zizimele, njengoba zimele umhlaba wangaphakathi wesihloko okukhulunywa ngaso . Umuntu okukhulunywa ngaye akayazi incazelo noma ukubaluleka kwezimpendulo zakhe, okwenza kube uhlobo olulodwa lokuhlolwa kwengqondo okufihliwe. Impendulo ngayinye kanye nesici esimelelwe kubalulekile, kodwa kunengqondo kuphela futhi kungaba nencazelo maqondana nakho konke.
Inkinga enkulu ngalolu hlobo lokuhlolwa ilele ezinhlobonhlobo zezimpendulo ezingaba khona kanye nezinga eliphansi lokulinganisa , okusho ukuthi impendulo efanayo ingahunyushwa ngezindlela ezahlukene, kuye ngendlela yokuhumusha esetshenzisiwe. Ngokuvamile ayiqondi ukubaluleka kwengqondo kwezimpendulo.
Ngaphakathi kokuhlolwa kwe-subjective, singathola izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlobo. Ngokukhethekile, okulandelayo kuyagqama:
- ukuhlolwa kwesakhiwo Kulezi zivivinyo, isiguli kufanele senze umqondo futhi sihlele izinto ezibonakalayo. Enye edume kakhulu i-Rorschach Test.
- izivivinyo zetimu . Ucelwa ukuthi uxoxe indaba ngezinto ezethulwe emakhasini (i-TAT noma i-Thematic Apperception Test ngokuvamile eyaziwa kakhulu).
- ukuhlolwa okuvezayo . Isihloko sicelwa ukuthi sidwebe into ethile (eyodwa eyaziwa kakhulu yi-HTC, ukuhlolwa lapho kudweba umuntu, indlu nesihlahla)
- izivivinyo ezakhayo . Umuntu ucelwa ukuthi akhe into ethile ngezingcezu ezinikeziwe (Ukuhlolwa Kwedolobhana Okucatshangwayo kuyisibonelo esihle salokhu)
- ukuhlolwa okuhlangene Kulolu hlobo lokuhlolwa kwengqondo okuqagelayo, umhlaziyi uyacelwa ukuthi ahlobanise igama (lomlomo noma elibhaliwe) nelinye igama noma isikhuthazo esinikeziwe. Isivivinyo sokuhlanganisa amagama singenye yezindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu.
- ukuhlolwa kwe-refractory . Isekelwe ekuhlaziyeni ubuntu obusekelwe emikhiqizweni yomsebenzi wesifundo, njengokubhala kwakhe.
Izinkomba ze-Bibliographic:
- I-Buela-Casal, G. kanye ne-Sierra, J.C. (1997). Imanuwali yokuhlola ngokwengqondo. U-Ed. Ikhulu lama-XNUMX: Madrid.
- U-Cohen, u-RJ no-Swerdlik, ME (2002). Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo nokuhlola. UMcGraw-Hill: Madrid.
- Sanz, LJ and Álvarez, CA (2012). Ukuhlola ku-Clinical Psychology. Incwadi yokulungiselela i-CEDE PIR. 05. CEDE: Madrid.