"Lokhu kujwayele ukugxila kuphi kubantu?" umbuzo oqondise ekuhlaziyweni nasekuqondeni amaphethini okusatshalaliswa kwendawo kanye nezibalo zabantu besibalo sabantu emhlabeni jikelele. Lo mbuzo ubalulekile ekuqondeni ukuthi izici ezihlukene, njengemithombo yemvelo, izimo zezulu, intuthuko yezomnotho nezombusazwe, zinethonya kanjani ekugxiliseni nasekuhlakazweni kwabantu ezindaweni ezithile. Ngokubheka lapho inani labantu livame ukugxilisa ingqondo, singakwazi ukuhlonza amaphethini namathrendi asisiza ukuba siqonde kangcono ukuguquguquka kwezenhlalo, ezomnotho, kanye nezemvelo ezilolonga izimpilo zabantu ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlaba.
Lapho inani labantu ligxile khona: thola izindawo ezinabantu abaningi emhlabeni jikelele.
Lapho umphakathi ugxila khona: thola izindawo ezinabantu abaningi emhlabeni jikelele. Abantu bavame ukugxila ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ngenxa yezici ezahlukahlukene, njengamathuba emisebenzi, ukufinyelela izinsizakalo eziyisisekelo, ingqalasizinda ethuthukisiwe, kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila.
Amadolobha amakhulu njengeTokyo, iNew York, iSão Paulo, neMumbai ayizibonelo zezindawo lapho inani labantu ligcwele khona ngobuningi. Kulezi zindawo zasemadolobheni, sithola inani elikhulu labantu, lapho izigidi zabantu zihlala futhi zisebenza khona nsuku zonke.
Ngaphezu kwamadolobha amakhulu, izindawo zamadolobha amakhulu ziheha abahlali abaningi ngenxa yemisebenzi yabo, imfundo, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nezinketho zokuzijabulisa. Lezi zindawo zivame ukuba nengqalasizinda ethuthukisiwe, okwenza ukuphila kube lula kubahlali bazo.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi nasezindaweni ezikude kakhulu, inani labantu liphinde ligxile emiphakathini emincane, lapho ukuhlala kweqembu kanye nomuzwa womphakathi kuyaziswa. Lezi zindawo zasemaphandleni zingase zingabi nabantu abafana namadolobha amakhulu, kodwa zisadlala indima ebalulekile ekusabalaleni kwabantu.
Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka futhi ukuthola ukugxila kwabantu emiphakathini yasemakhaya, lapho izinga lempilo kanye nomuzwa womphakathi kubekwa phambili.
Kukuphi lapho iningi labantu ligxile emhlabeni wonke?
Iningi labantu ligcwele ezindaweni zasemadolobheni emhlabeni jikelele. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngenxa yezici eziningana, njengamathuba emisebenzi, ukufinyelela izinsizakalo eziyisisekelo, ingqalasizinda ethuthukisiwe, kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu yokuphila. Amadolobha amakhulu yilapho abantu begcwele khona kakhulu, kanye namadolobha amakhulu njengeTokyo, iNew York, neSão Paulo ahlalisa izigidi zabantu. La madolobha anikeza amathuba ahlukahlukene omsebenzi, imfundo, ukuzijabulisa, kanye nokunakekelwa kwempilo, okuheha abantu abaningi ukuba bahlale kuwo.
Iyiphi indawo enenani elikhulu labantu abaqoqiwe?
Indawo enabantu abaningi ngokungangabazeki yidolobha. Ngokukhula kwabantu kanye nokwanda kokukhula kwabantu emadolobheni, amadolobha aya ngokuya egxila iningi labantu. Lesi simo saziwa ngokuthi ukukhula kwabantu emadolobheni . Emadolobheni, abantu bathola amathuba emisebenzi, ukufinyelela izinsizakalo eziyisisekelo, ingqalasizinda, nezinye izinzuzo, okuheha abantu abaningi ngokwengeziwe ukuba bahlale kulezi zindawo zasemadolobheni.
Iningi labantu ligxile kuphi futhi siyini isizathu salokhu kugxilisa ingqondo?
Iningi labantu ligcwele ezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Lokhu kungenxa yokufuna amathuba emisebenzi angcono, imfundo, kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila. Emadolobheni amakhulu , abantu bathola ukuhlinzekwa okukhulu kwezinsizakalo, ingqalasizinda, ezokungcebeleka, kanye namasiko, okubadonsela kulezi zindawo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindawo zasemadolobheni zivame ukunikeza ukuhlukahluka okukhulu kwezindawo zokuhlala, ezokuthutha, kanye nezinketho zokuxhumana nabantu, okuphinde kufake isandla ekuqongeleleni kwabantu kulezi zindawo. Ukusondelana nezindawo zokuthenga, izibhedlela, izikole, kanye nezinye izinsizakalo ezibalulekile kwenza kube lula ukuphila kwabantu kwansuku zonke futhi kwenza amadolobha abe yindawo ekhangayo yokuhlala.
Kodwa-ke, lokhu kugcwala kwabantu kungadala nezinselelo, njengezinkinga zengqalasizinda, ukugcwala kwezimoto, ukungcola, nokuntuleka kwezindawo eziluhlaza. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi iziphathimandla zendawo kanye nomphakathi uwonke ufune izindlela zokwenza amadolobha asimeme, abandakanye wonke umuntu, futhi alingane, aqinisekise izinga lempilo elingcono kubo bonke abahlali bakhona.
Ingabe lokhu kuvame ukugxila kuphi phakathi kwabantu?
Imiphakathi yabantu ivame ukugxila kakhulu ezindaweni zokuhlala ezinkulu, okushiya izindawo zasemakhaya zifuna izimo zomnotho ezingcono. Lokhu kubangela ukukhula kwamadolobha, futhi amadolobha amaningi asezonyamalala.
Abantu bakhetha indawo eyodwa kunenye ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene. Ukunyakaza kwabantu kufundwa isayensi ebizwa ngokuthi i-demography, enikezelwe ekuhlaziyeni izibalo zabantu.
Abantu bagxile kuphi?
Njengamanje, imiphumela yokunyakaza kwabantu ingabonakala emadolobheni amakhulu njengeMexico City, enezakhamuzi eziyizigidi ezingama-21 okuhlanganisa nedolobha lakhona, noma iManila (Philippines) enabantu bayo abayizigidi ezingama-24.
Noma kunjalo, bakude nabantu base-Asia njengeGuangzhou neShenzhen, enabantu abayizigidi ezingama-48.
Izinto ezinquma ukugcwala kwabantu
Ngokuyisisekelo, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezinto ezinquma ukugxilwa kwenani labantu: ngokomzimba nangokomuntu.
Izici ezingokomzimba
Phakathi kwalezi zici, isimo sezulu siyagqama. Isimo sezulu esibi kakhulu senza ukuphila kube nzima kakhulu; Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyisici esibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni isivuno esihle.
Usebe lwemifula nolwandle bekulokhu kuyizindawo eziheha abantu abavela kwezinye izindawo ezomile ngaphandle kokunotha okuvame ukuhlinzekwa yizindawo ezinomswakama.
Ngokuphambene, izindawo eziwugwadule neziwugwadule yilezo ezisengozini enkulu yokuncipha kwabantu.
Akumangalisi ukuthi izakhamuzi ezimbalwa ezihlala kuwo zizama ukufinyelela emazweni avunde kakhulu, anesimo sezulu esihle futhi anikeza izimo zokuphila ezingcono.
I-Human Fatores
Phakathi kwezizathu zabantu zokugcwala kwabantu, izizathu zomlando, ezomnotho nezepolitiki ziyagqama.
– izizathu zomlando
Izakhamuzi zokuqala ezanquma ukuyeka ukuba imizulane zakhetha izindawo ezinothile ezazizozivumela ukuba ziphile.
Imifula yayiyindlela enhle hhayi nje yokudoba kuphela, kodwa futhi ngenxa yokuthi yaba negalelo ezindaweni ezivundile ezizungezile. Izindawo zokuhlala ezinkulu zisekhona osebeni lweNayile kanye neGanges.
Kamuva, lezi zindawo zazizojoyinwa yilabo ababeqhuba uhwebo. Isibonelo, amadolobha amakhulu ayekhona eduze kweSilk Road, umzila wezohwebo ohlanganisa iYurophu ne-Asia. Indawo ngayinye kule ndawo yayiseduze nomfula owawubavumela ukuba baphile.
– izizathu zezomnotho
Esinye isici esibalulekile ekunqumeni ukuthi abantu bavame ukuhlala kuphi yizomnotho. Abantu bathambekele ekushiyeni amazwe noma izindawo ezimpofu futhi bayohlala emazweni acebile.
I-United States kanye ne-European Union yizimboni ezinkulu zalabo abazama ukuthola impilo engcono.
Ezinye izindawo zase-Asia ziye zabona ukwanda kwenani labantu ezikhathini zamuva nje. Kulezi zimo, lokhu ukunyakaza kwangaphakathi, hhayi kwangaphandle. Ngokuvamile, zonke izikhungo zasemadolobheni ezinkulu ziheha izakhamuzi ezintsha ezivela ezindaweni zasemaphandleni ngaphakathi kwezwe elifanayo.
- izizathu zezepolitiki
Zingabhekwa njengezizathu zokuphepha, ngoba inani labantu livame ukushiya izindawo ezibhekwa njengengozi futhi zizinze ngendlela ephephile.
Izingxabano zempi, izingxabano zomphakathi, ngisho nokudalwa kwamazwe amasha kuye kwabangela ukunyakaza okuphawulekayo kwabantu besuka endaweni ethile beya kwenye eminyakeni yamuva.
Kungashiwo ukuthi lezi yizinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze kugwenywe ukubeka izimpilo zabantu engcupheni.
Izinkomba
- IJografi ye-inthanethi Yiziphi izici zezindawo zokuhlala? Kubuyiswe ku-geography.learnontheinternet.co.uk
- I-BBC Settlement Izici. Kubuyiswe ku-bbc.co.uk
- Calaza, Juan José. Kungani amadolobha ekhula? (Okthoba 27, 2010). Kubuyiswe ku-farodevigo.es
- I-3D Geography Settlements. Kubuyiswe ku-3dgeography.co.uk
- Kotkin, Joel. Inkinga ngamaMegacities. (April 4, 2011). Kubuyiswe ku-forbes.com