I-Psychological First Aid iyindlela yokungenelela ezimweni ezibucayi ezingokomzwelo, ukuhlukumezeka, noma izenzakalo ezicindezelayo, okuhloswe ngayo ukunikeza ukusekelwa ngokomzwelo ngokushesha kanye nenduduzo kulabo abathintekile. Lo mkhuba uhlose ukunciphisa umthelela omubi ongokwengqondo womcimbi, ukhuthaze ukuqina, nokwenza lula ukululama ngokomzwelo. I-Psychological First Aid ibalulekile ekunikezeni ukwesekwa okwanele nokuphumelela ngokomzwelo ngezikhathi zobunzima, kube nesandla enhlalakahleni engokwengqondo nengokomzwelo yalabo abahilelekile.
Zitholele ama-PS angu-5 abalulekile osizo lokuqala lwezengqondo kulo mhlahlandlela ofundisayo.
I-Psychological First Aid iyindlela yokungenelela ebucayi ehlose ukuhlinzeka ngosizo olungokomzwelo nolungokoqobo kubantu abadlula ezikhathini ezinzima. Le nqubo isekelwe ezimisweni ezinhlanu ezibalulekile, ezaziwa ngokuthi amaHubo ama-5 abalulekile.
U-P wokuqala ubhekisela ekubeni khona, okungukuthi, ukuba khona ngokucophelela nangozwela kumuntu osenkingeni. Kubalulekile ukukhombisa isithakazelo sangempela kanye nokuzimisela ukulalela ngaphandle kokwahlulela. Ubukhona nothando kungenza umehluko ekwamukelweni komuntu ngamunye.
U-P wesibili uyisivikelo, esibandakanya ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo komuntu osenkingeni. Kubalulekile ukwakha indawo ephephile futhi ezolile, engenazo izinto ezivusa amadlingozi ezingase zibangele ukucindezeleka okwengeziwe noma ukukhathazeka. Ukuvikelwa ngokomzwelo kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa umuzwa wokulondeka.
U-P wesithathu uwukuhlinzeka, okubandakanya ukunikeza ukwesekwa okungokoqobo kanye nezinsiza ezidingekayo ukuze kusizwe umuntu abhekane nenkinga. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise isiqondiso sokuthi ungalufuna kanjani usizo lochwepheshe, ulwazi mayelana namasevisi osekelo, noma ngisho nosizo lokuxazulula izinkinga ezisheshayo. Ukuhlinzekwa kwe izinsiza kungaba semqoka ekululameni komuntu osesimeni esibucayi.
I-P yesine iwukuba seduze, okubhekisela ekubalulekeni kokusungula ukuxhumana okuzwelayo nokusekelayo nomuntu ocindezelekile. Kubalulekile ukukhombisa uzwela, ububele, nenhlonipho kwabanye, kwakha isibopho sokwethembana esikhuthaza ukuveza imizwa nokufuna usizo. Ukusondela ngokomzwelo ingaqinisa ubudlelwano bokusiza.
U-P wesihlanu nowokugcina ubambiswano, olubandakanya ukusebenzisana nomuntu osenkingeni ukuhlonza izidingo zakhe, izinto ezibalulekile, kanye nezinsiza ezikhona. Kubalulekile ukubabandakanya ohlelweni lokuthatha izinqumo nasekuhleleni izinyathelo okufanele zithathwe, kuhlonishwe ukuzimela kwabo kanye nokukhuthaza. ukubamba iqhaza iyasebenza enqubweni yokutakula.
Ngokusebenzisa lezi zimiso ngendlela efanele, kungenzeka ukunikeza ukwesekwa okuphumelelayo nokwamukelayo kubantu abasesimweni esibucayi, okunomthelela ekululameni kwabo nasekuphileni kahle ngokomzwelo.
Imihlahlandlela esemqoka yosizo lokuqala lwemizwa: amathiphu abalulekile okubhekana nemizwa.
Usizo lokuqala olungokwengqondo luyisethi yamasu nemihlahlandlela eklanyelwe ukunikeza ukusekelwa ngokomzwelo ngokushesha kubantu ababhekene nengcindezi, ukuhlukumezeka, noma izinkinga ezingokomzwelo. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ungazisingatha kanjani lezi zimo ngendlela efanele ukuze usize umuntu azizwe ezolile futhi elondekile.
Kuneziqondiso ezibalulekile zosizo lokuqala olungokomzwelo olungasetshenziswa ezimeni ezihlukahlukene. Esokuqala sithi yehlisa umoya e lalela ngokucophelela umuntu odinga usizo. Kubalulekile ukukhombisa uzwela nozwelo, ngaphandle kokwahlulela.
Elinye ithiphu elibalulekile qinisekisa imizwa womuntu, okungukuthi, ukuqaphela ubuhlungu noma ukuhlupheka abhekene nakho. Lokhu kusiza umuntu ukuba azizwe eqondwa futhi amukelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukunikeza ukusekela okungokoqobo, njengokusiza umuntu ukuthi athole izixazululo zezinkinga zakhe noma ukuzidlulisela kochwepheshe abakhethekile, uma kunesidingo.
Kubalulekile futhi khuthaza abantu ukuthi bazinakekele e funa usizo noma nini lapho kudingekile. Khuthaza lowo muntu ukuthi afune ukwesekwa kubangani, umndeni, noma ochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo. Khumbula ukuthi usizo lokuqala olungokomzwelo aluthathi indawo yokunakekelwa kochwepheshe, kodwa kungaba isinyathelo sokuqala esibalulekile sokululama ngokomzwelo.
Ngozwela, ukulalelisisa, nokusekela okungokoqobo, kuyenzeka ukusiza abantu babhekane nemizwa yabo ngendlela enempilo neyakhayo.
Qonda kafushane ukuthi luyini usizo lokuqala nokubaluleka kwalo.
Os Insiza yezimo eziphuthumayo Izinsizakalo zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo ziwusizo olusheshayo olunikezwa umuntu ohlangabezane nengozi noma ohlangabezane nesimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Umgomo wabo uwukugcina isisulu sizinzile kuze kube yilapho kufika usizo lochwepheshe, ukuvimbela izinkinga nokusindisa ukuphila.
Kubalulekile ukuba nolwazi mayelana Insiza yezimo eziphuthumayo, ngoba ezimeni eziphuthumayo, isekhondi ngalinye libalulekile. Ukwazi ukwenza ngendlela efanele kungenza umehluko phakathi kokuphila nokufa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Insiza yezimo eziphuthumayo kungasiza futhi ukunciphisa ukuhlupheka kwesisulu futhi kusheshise inqubo yokululama.
Luyini Usizo Lokuqala Lwezengqondo?
Zitholele izigaba ezi-4 ezibalulekile zezinqubo zosizo lokuqala ngendlela elula.
I-Psychological First Aid iyisethi yamasu nezinqubo ezisetshenziselwa ukusiza umuntu obhekene nenkinga yemizwa. Lezi zinqubo zihlose ukunikeza ukwesekwa nokududuzeka ngokomzwelo ngokushesha, ukubasiza ukuba babhekane nemizwa nemizwa yabo ngendlela enempilo nephephile.
Kunezigaba ezine ezibalulekile ezinkambisweni ze-Psychological First Aid: Xhumana, Ukulalela, Ukusekela kanye Nokudluliselwa.
Isigaba sokuqala, i Contato, kuhlanganisa ukusungula ukuxhumana okuzwelayo nokwamukela umuntu osenkingeni, ukukhombisa ukukhathazeka kanye nesithakazelo sangempela enhlalakahleni yabo engokomzwelo. Kubalulekile ukwakha indawo yokwethembana nokuphepha ukuze umuntu azizwe ekhululekile ukwabelana ngemizwa nemicabango yakhe.
Isigaba sesibili, i Ukulalela, kuhilela ukulalela ngokucophelela futhi ngaphandle kokwahlulela indaba yomuntu ngalokho okwenzekayo nendlela azizwa ngayo. Kubalulekile ukubonisa uzwela futhi uqinisekise imizwa yomuntu, ubonise ukuthi ukhona ukuze umsekele futhi umsize abhekane nakho.
Esigabeni sesithathu, i I-Apoio, kubalulekile ukunikeza ukusekelwa ngokomzwelo nokungokoqobo kumuntu, umsize abone amasu okubhekana nesimo kanye nokuxazulula izinkinga. Kubalulekile ukukhuthaza umuntu ukuba aveze imizwa yakhe, anikeze amazwi enduduzo nesikhuthazo, futhi ubasize bathole izixazululo zezinkinga zabo.
Ekugcineni, isigaba sesine, i Iyadlulisela, kuhlanganisa ukuqondisa umuntu mayelana nezinsiza ezitholakalayo zokwesekwa kwengqondo namasevisi, njengezingcweti zezempilo yengqondo, izikhungo zosekelo lwengqondo, imigqa yokweseka imizwa, phakathi kokunye. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lowo muntu uthola ukwesekwa okudingekayo ukuze abhekane nenkinga futhi afune usizo olukhethekile uma kunesidingo.
Ngokulandela izinyathelo ezine ezibalulekile zezinqubo, kungenzeka ukunikeza ukwesekwa okuphumelelayo nokwamukela, okunomthelela enhlalakahleni engokomzwelo nangokwengqondo yomuntu osenkingeni.
Luyini Usizo Lokuqala Lwezengqondo?
Lapho izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo eziphuthumayo zenza ukungenelela , kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izimo eziphuthumayo ezinkulu noma ezimweni eziphuthumayo zansuku zonke, kufanele sicabangele ukusabela okuhlukahlukene nemizwa esingabhekana nayo esigulini ngasinye.
Lokhu kuzoncika ngokwengxenye kuhlobo nobukhali bamaqiniso futhi ngokwengxenye ezicini zomuntu siqu zomuntu othintekile, njengokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe kwangaphambilini, ukusekelwa emphakathini abakubonayo, umlando wabo wempilo engokomzimba nengqondo, isiko labo kanye neminyaka yabo. Kusizo lokuqala lwezengqondo, zonke lezi zakhi ziyacatshangelwa. .
Ukungenelela kwengqondo ezimeni eziphuthumayo
Kulezi zikhathi zokuqala zokushuba kwesimo esihlangabezana nazo lapho sifika endaweni, ngokunengqondo, ngeke siqale ukuhlola ngezindlela eziningi njengoba besingenza ekubonisaneni. Ngakho-ke umthombo wethu wokuhlola uzoba ukubheka esikwenzayo ngesimo esijwayelekile kanye namazwi esiguli ngokwaso kanye nofakazi noma elinye ilungu lebutho lezokuphepha.
Okufanayo kuya ngokungenelela nokuhlola. Ezimweni eziningi, sizochitha amahora amaningi nabo kodwa ngeke siphinde sibabone, futhi ngokuvamile isimiso sezimo eziphuthumayo esikhethwayo kuzoba yi-Psychological First Aid (PAP).
Usizo lokuqala lwezengqondo
Ake sigxile kusizo lokuqala lwezengqondo (PAP). Ikona amasu asekelwe ebufakazini aklanyelwe ukusiza zonke izinhlobo zabantu abathintwe isigameko esibucayi , isetshenziswe emahoreni okuqala ngemva komthelela. Ngemva kwamahora angu-72 okuqala, awaseyona indlela yokuzikhethela.
Ngokusetshenziswa kwayo, sifuna ukunciphisa amazinga okucindezeleka futhi sikhuthaze ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kanye nokubhekana nesimo esikhathini esifushane, esimaphakathi nesikhathi eside.
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-First Psychological Aid, kufanele siqonde indawo esizosebenza kuyo, sazi ukuthi kwenzekeni nokuthi kuzokwenzekani. Sizophinde sisungule ukuxhumana nalo lonke ithimba lezimo eziphuthumayo. ukuxhumanisa kangcono.
Uma befika endaweni, bahlonzwa abadinga usizo. Noma nini lapho kungenzeka, kwenziwa imizamo yokuhlanganisa imikhaya ukuze isebenze nayo. Kuvame kakhulu ukuthi amaqembu azenzakalelayo avele phakathi kwalabo abathintekayo, futhi aphinde asebenze nawo ngamunye.
Okokugcina, futhi, ngithanda ukugqamisa ukuthi kuzofanele sikwenze ukujwayela ukuhlukahluka kwesibalo sabantu esizosebenza nabo. Ngokuvamile, bazovela emasikweni ahluke kakhulu, ngakho-ke, kuzodingeka sivumelanise ukungenelela kwethu kubo.
Izigaba zokuqala zokusiza ngokwengqondo
Ukusebenzisa ama-PAP kuhlukaniswe izigaba eziyisishiyagalombili. Ngezansi, sizoxoxa ngalokho okufanele nokungafanele kwenziwe kwesigaba ngasinye.
1. Oxhumana naye kanye nesethulo
Isethulo eqenjini elithintekile kufanele singagxambukeli, sichaze ukuthi singobani nokuthi senzani. Akufanele sibacindezele labo abathintekile; sihlala sisondelene kodwa singaphazamisi. Kuleli qophelo, omunye umuntu usephapheme, ngakho ungashiyi indawo yokungaqiniseki, ngoba lokhu kungase kube umthombo wokwesaba.
Indlela enhle iwukhiye ukuze kusetshenziswe kahle nangempumelelo i-PAP, njengoba ibeka ithoni kubo bonke ubudlelwano obuzolandela kulesi sigaba.
2. Impumuzo kanye nokuvikelwa
Labo abathintekile kumele bazi ukuthi sikhona ukuze sihlangabezane nezidingo zabo eziyisisekelo, esikhona ukuze sibhekane nazo ukuthi bangabe besakhathazeka ngezinye izinto ; kusukela ekunikezeni ukudla namanzi eshajani yeselula noma ucingo olungasiza ngokuhlanganisa umndeni. Ngale ndlela, bangakhululeka kancane kancane futhi bayeke ukwesaba ukungaqiniseki kwamanje.
3. Ukuzibamba ngokomzwelo
Ezimweni eziningi, labo abathintwe izimo eziphuthumayo basesimweni sokushaqeka, badidekile futhi balahlekile Umsebenzi wethu njengezazi zokusebenza kwengqondo eziphuthumayo kuzoba ukubaqondisa emkhathini nangesikhathi ngendlela engenalo ulaka, bazivumelanise neqiniso lesiguli.
4. Ukuqoqwa kolwazi
Indlela esisebenzisana ngayo nalabo abathintekile ibaluleke kakhulu; kufanele sikwenze lokho ngendlela engeke ibenze bazizwe bengakhululekile, ukuze sikwazi ukuthola ulwazi oluningi ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze sinikeze usizo oluphumelela kakhulu.
Ukuze senze lokhu, kufanele sikhulume kancane, sihlole zonke izidingo futhi sicacise ulwazi, kufanele futhi hlela izinto ezibalulekile zokunakwa futhi uhlangabezane nazo ngokwezinsiza ezikhona Akufanele sinikeze izeluleko ezingasho lutho, njengoba nje singeke sizithathe kalula izidingo ngokusekelwe emibonweni yethu.
5. Usizo olungokoqobo
Okokuqala nje, kufanele silindele ulwazi oluwusizo okungenzeka izisulu zingakalwazi, njengokuthi akuphi amagumbi okugeza, izindawo zokuhlanganisa kabusha, iziphuzo, njll.
Njengoba kunikezwe imibuzo yalabo abathintekayo ngalolu lwazi, sizonciphisa ukukhathazeka futhi sizofinyelela umgomo wokwanelisa izidingo zakho eziyisisekelo . Ngale ndlela, ukukhathazeka kuyeka ukunqwabelana, njengoba sinikeza ukunakwa okubaluleke kakhulu.
6. Ukuxhumana nenethiwekhi yokuxhumana nabantu
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukusiza abantu abathintekile ukuba xhuma kabusha nenethiwekhi yakho yosekelo . Ukunikeza inombolo yocingo yokuxhumana noma, uma bengenayo, thintana nabezokuphepha ukuze bacele usizo lwabo kulo msebenzi.
Kuze kube kungabikho muntu ophelezela lowo muntu, okungcono kakhulu ovela kunethiwekhi yabo yosekelo, ngeke sihambe.
7. Iziqondiso Zokubhekana Nabo
Umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu kuzoba ukujwayela izimpawu. Abantu abaningi abathintekile bakholelwa ukuthi, ngaphezu kwalokho okwenzeka kubo, "bayahlanya." Kumelwe sisuse lo mbono ngokubazisa ngokusabela okuyisisekelo kwengcindezi okulindeleke emahoreni nasezinsukwini ezizayo.
Baqeqeshelwe izindlela eziyisisekelo zokuphumula, ngokuphefumula kwe-diaphragmatic inqubo yokuzikhethela; ngakho-ke, sizokwehlisa izinga lakho lomsebenzi womzimba futhi sizobanikeza ithuluzi lokubhekana nezimpawu ezingaba khona zesikhathi esizayo.
Ngokuphambene, akufanele sithi manje kufanele baqine noma babe nesibindi; okuwukuphela kwento esiyenzayo ngalesi sitatimende ukuthi asivumeli umuntu othintekile ukuthi alinge izinsiza zakhe zokubhekana nesimo.
8. Ukuxhumana nezinkonzo zangaphandle
Ngesikhathi sokuvala ukungenelela, njengoba senzile ekuqaleni, kufanele sichaze ukuthi siyahamba nokuthi inqubo izoba yini kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke.
Ngeke sibalahle labo abathintekile; sizobashiya bodwa lapho inethiwekhi yokwesekwa komphakathi yesisulu ifika, noma, lapho ingekho, impumuzo yethu. Kufanele futhi sinikeze isiqondiso kumuntu othintekile ngokuthi afune nini futhi ubani usizo, simxhumanise nenethiwekhi yezempilo yomphakathi.
Ephetha
Sengiphetha, ngithanda ukugqamisa ukuba wusizo kwama-PAP empilweni yansuku zonke kanye nesidingo sokuqeqeshwa kwawo wonke umphakathi. Phela, asizazi yini zonke izindlela zosizo lokuqala, njenge-CPR noma i-Heimlich maneuver?
Asinake kuphela ngokomzimba, kodwa nangokwengqondo .