I-Sorbus aria isihlahla esikhula kancane esiphakathi nendawo esihlala siluhlaza esingowomndeni wakwaRosaceae. Saziwa ngokuthi i-mostajera, i-mostajo, i-mostajo blanco, i-mostajo comum, i-mostellar, i-rowan noma i-rowan mouro, siwuhlobo oluvela eYurophu naseMedithera.
Iwuhlobo lwesihlahla esiminyene, esisaqanda esifinyelela ku-20 m ukuphakama. Amaqabunga alula, aluhlaza okwesiliva anemiphetho engajwayelekile futhi abushelelezi, ama-pubescent undersides aphenduka abe sagolide noma abebomvu ekwindla. Ama-inflorescence e-corymbiform amhlophe qhwa; isithelo siyi-subglobose, inyama, i-pod ebomvu ngokugqamile.
Indawo yayo yemvelo itholakala ezindaweni ezinezintaba noma ezigodini ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele nesinomswakama, ezingeni le-meso-supramediterranean bioclimatic zone, enemvula ephakathi. Ngokuvamile yakha amahlathi aminyene ngokubambisana nezinye izinhlobo zezihlahla zesizukulwane i -Acer , i-Amelanchier , i-Cotoneaster kanye ne-Pinus , phakathi kwezinye.
Namuhla, isihlahla esivame kakhulu ezindaweni zasemadolobheni kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Ukhuni lwayo, olusezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu nobulukhuni, lusetshenziswa ekuhlanganiseni nasekubazeni. Emithi yesintu, izithelo zisetshenziswa njengekhambi lasekhaya ngenxa ye-astringent, antidiarrheal, kanye nemiphumela yokulambisa.
Izici ezijwayelekile
Ukubukeka
Isihlahla esinamagatsha anamagxolo abushelelezi, ampunga kanye nemiqumbe ebukhali embozwe ngezikali ezinsundu emaphethelweni kanye nohlaza maphakathi nendawo. Isihlahla sekholomu esinamagatsha amancane namaqabunga ahlangene, afinyelela ubude obuyi-15 kuya ku-25 m.
Amashidi
Amaqabunga alula, asuka ku-oval kuya ku-elliptical, anemiphetho eyisiyingi kanye nezimbambo ezisobala, anombala ocwebezelayo futhi aluhlaza endaweni engaphezulu, i-tomentose nesiliva ngaphansi. Ahlelwa ngokushintshana emagatsheni, anobude obungu-6-12 cm no-4-9 cm ububanzi. Ngesikhathi sokuwa, amaqabunga aphenduka abe golide futhi abebomvu.
flores
Izimbali ze-hermaphrodite zinama-tomentose sepals kancane, amacembe amhlophe abushelelezi e-orbital, i-ovary enezitayela ezingu-2-3, nama-stamens angu-20 aphuzi. Ngokuvamile ziqoqwe kuma-corymbiform inflorescence. Izimbali zenzeka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
Izithelo
Isithelo siyi-globular bud 8 kuya ku-12 mm ububanzi, nama-lentil amancane. Ibomvu ngokumnyama uma isivuthiwe, inenyama enenyama, inambitheka engathandeki, kanye nokuthungwa kwempuphu. Izithelo zivuthwa ekwindla.
I-Taxonomy
– Umbuso: Plantae
- I-Subkingdom: Tracheobionta
– Division: Magnoliophyta
– Ikilasi: Magnoliopsida
– Isigaba esingaphansi: Rosidae
- I-oda: Rosales
– Umndeni: Rosaceae
– Umndeni ongaphansi: Amygdaloideae
– Isizwe: Maleae
Uhlobo: uSorbus
Uhlobo olungaphansi: u-Aria
– Izinhlobo: Sorbus aria (L.) Crantz
I-Infraspecific taxon
I-Sorbus aria subsp. aria
- I- Sorbus aria subsp. lanifera (Borbás) Kárpáti
I-Etymology
– USorbus : igama lohlobo lihambisana negama lesiRoma le-rowan evamile noma i-rowan yomzingeli.
– U-Aria : isichasiso esithile yigama elalisetshenziswa ngaphambilini ukuchaza amadevu, avela “kuma-Aryan” endawo eya eMbusweni wasePheresiya.
Indawo yokuhlala nokusabalalisa
Ikhula enhlabathini ene-calcareous noma i-siliceous, okungcono i-calcareous, ivulekile, ivundile, futhi ikhishwe kahle, endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-500 kuya ku-2.200 ngaphezu kolwandle. Iphila kahle elangeni eligcwele ezindaweni ezipholile ezinobusika obubandayo kanye nesilinganiso semvula yonyaka esingu-500 mm.
Ngokuvamile zihlotshaniswa ne-birch, i-maple, i-holm oak, i-beech, i-gall oak, ne-pine ezindaweni ezihlanzekile noma emaphethelweni amahlathi anomswakama nangaphansi. Zikhula nasezindaweni okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo, njengemithambeka enamatshe noma izintaba ze-limestone, akuvamile ukuba zenze amasimu awodwa.
Amadevu atholakala eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeYurophu, entshonalanga ye-Asia, nasenyakatho ye-Afrika. Uhla lwalo lwendawo lufinyelela kuzo zonke izintaba zaseYurophu nase-Asia; empumalanga, ifinyelela ezintabeni zaseHimalaya.
Ngokufanayo, eningizimu, itholakala ngaseziNtabeni ze-Atlas, phakathi kwe-Algeria, iMorocco neTunisia. ENhlonhlweni Yase-Iberia, kuvamile eziNtabeni ZaseCantabrian, OGwini LwaseCatalan, ePyrenees, eSierra Nevada, eSistema Central, eSistema Ibérico, naseSerra Tramuntana eziQhingini zaseBalearic.
Izici
Izithako ezisebenzayo
Imifino yesinaphi iqukethe ama-asidi amaningana e-organic kanye nezinto eziphikisanayo eziwanika amandla okulwa nesifo sohudo, anti-infectious, kanye ne-astringent. Lezi zihlanganisa i-citric, i-malic, ne-succinic acids, uvithamini C, i-carotenoids, i-flavonoid, i-sorbitol, i-tannins, kanye ne-anthocyanin pigments.
Izakhiwo zokwelapha
Izithelo, ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwazo okuphezulu kwe-tannin, zisetshenziswa njenge-diuretic yemvelo ezimeni zokuphazamiseka kwe-rheumatic kanye namatshe ezinso. Ibuye isetshenziswe ekwelapheni kwendabuko ukuphazamiseka kwamathumbu, okufana nesifo sohudo noma ukuqunjelwa.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iqukethe i-sorbitol, i-polyalcohol esetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa izimpawu zokuqunjelwa ngenxa yomphumela wayo we-laxative. Iphinde ibe nezindawo zokulwa nokuvuvukala, isetshenziselwa ukukhulula imikhuhlane ye-bronchial, ukuhogela nokukhwehlela.
Ngokufanayo, isetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-gout, ukulawula ubuhlungu bokuya esikhathini, nokuhlanza igazi. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwezithelo zayo kungaba yingozi futhi kuvinjelwa kulabo abanezinkinga ze-bile duct.
I-Outros usos
Njengamanje, isetshenziswa kabanzi engadini njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa sokukhula emigwaqweni, ezigcawini, nasemapaki ngenxa yokuhluka okukhangayo kwamaqabunga awo, ama-inflorescences, nezithelo. Ukhuni lwalo oluqinile, oluminyene, olumhlophe-opinki luhle kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kokubaza nezicucu eziphendukile.
Isistimu yezimpande ezibanzi kanye nekhono layo lokuphinde lihlume livumela ukuthi ibambe umhlabathi ezindaweni eziphakeme, ezivame ukuguguleka. Ngesikhathi sokuthela, izithelo ziwumthombo wokudla okunomsoco kakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo zezinyoni zasendle.
Nakuba izithelo zidliwa, azikhangi ngenxa yokunambitheka okubabayo kanye nokungaguquguquki kwe-gritty. Nokho, kwezinye izindawo ezimaphakathi neYurophu kwenziwa ujamu owenziwe ekhaya ukuze uhambisane nesitshulu senyama ebomvu.
Cultura
Ukusabalalisa
I-Mostajo isakazwa ngembewu etshalwe emibhedeni ebamba ukushisa entwasahlobo. Imbewu ikhethwa ngokuqondile ezithelweni ezivuthiwe ngesikhathi sasehlobo futhi ibhekana nenqubo yokuhlukanisa ebandayo ngaphambi kokutshala.
Inqubo yangaphambi kokuhluma ihlanganisa ukufaka imbewu esihlabathini esimanzi ngo-4°C izinsuku ezingu-60-90. Izithombo ziyavela ezinyangeni ezingama-7-9 ngemuva kokutshala kokuqala. Amazinga okuhluma ngokuvamile aphansi kakhulu, futhi ukutshala kabusha kufanele kwenziwe kuze kube yikwindla elandelayo.
Ukunakekela
I-mustard idinga ilanga eligcwele noma umthunzi oyingxenye ukuze ikhule ngempumelelo. Futhi ibekezelela isithwathwa esibandayo ngezikhathi ezithile.
– Ikhula enhlabathini ehlukahlukene, inqobo nje uma ivundile futhi ihlala inomswakama isikhathi esiningi.
- Ikhula kahle emhlabathini wobumba noma emhlabathini we-limestone ongashoni, inqobo nje uma ikhishwe kahle futhi inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinto eziphilayo.
- Ehlobo, kuhle ukunisela njalo, ngaphandle kwezikhukhula, njengoba lokhu kungabangela ukubola kwesistimu yezimpande.
- Kunconywa ukusebenzisa umanyolo wemvelo, izinto zezitshalo ezifakwe umquba noma umquba ekwindla.
- Ngokuvamile, akudingi ukuthenwa kwesondlo, vele ususe amagatsha omile, abunile noma anesifo.
Luhlobo oluqinile, olumelana kakhulu nokuhlaselwa yizinambuzane, yize lusengozini yesifo esibizwa ngokuthi "i-fire blight," esibangelwa yibhaktheriya i- Erwinia amylovora.
Izinkomba
- I-Castroviejo, S. (Umhl.). (1998). Izitshalo zase-Iberia: izitshalo ze-vascular ze-Peninsula yase-Iberia kanye neziqhingi zaseBalearic. 6. I-Rosaceae (Umqulu 6). I-CSIC-CSIC Press Editorial.
- Portillo, G. (2018) Amadevu (Sorbus aria). Ukulima ngaphakathi. Kutholwe kwa: jardineriaon.com
- I-Sorbus aria . (2020). I-Wikipedia, i-encyclopedia yamahhala. Ithathwe ku: es.wikipedia.org
- I-Sorbus aria . I-Mostajo (2018) Uhlelo Lokusebenza Lwesihlahla. Kubuyiswe ku: arbolapp.es
- I-Sorbus aria (2015) Ikhathalogi Yempilo: Uhlu Lokuhlola Lonyaka ka-2015. Kutholwe ku: catalogoflife.org
- Welk, E., de Rigo, D., kanye noCaudullo, G. (2016). I-Sorbus aria eYurophu: ukusatshalaliswa, indawo yokuhlala, ukusetshenziswa kanye nezinsongo. V: I-Atlas YaseYurophu Yezinhlobo Zamahlathi. San-Miguel-Ayanz J., de Rigo D., Caudullo G., Houston Durrant T., Mauri A. (ur.). I-Luxembourg, Ihhovisi Lokushicilela le-European Union, 174-175.