Ukuzithiba kuyikhono lokulawula imizwa yethu, imicabango, kanye nokuziphatha ngendlela efanele nangokuvumelana nezimo, ngisho nasezimeni eziyinselele. Ukukhuthaza ukuzithiba kubalulekile ukuze ube nempilo enhle ngokomzwelo nangokwengqondo, kanye nokuba negalelo empumelelweni yezemfundo, yobungcweti, neyomuntu siqu. Kulo mongo, kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa amakhono afana nokuzithiba, ukwenza izinqumo, ukulawula ingcindezi, nokuxazulula ukungqubuzana okunempilo. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngokuthi kuyini ukuzithiba nokuthi singakukhuthaza kanjani ezimpilweni zethu ukuze sifinyelele ukulingana ngokomzwelo nokulawula okukhulu izenzo zethu.
Zitholele amasu okuthuthukisa ukuzithiba kwakho futhi uzuze ukulawula okukhulu kwemizwa nokuziphatha.
Ukuzithiba yikhono lokulawula imizwa yethu, imicabango, nokuziphatha kwethu ezimeni ezahlukene. Uma sikwazi ukulawula imizwelo yethu ngendlela enempilo, singabhekana kangcono nokucindezeleka, senze izinqumo eziqinile, futhi silondoloze ubudlelwane obunokulinganisela. Nokho, akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi ukulondoloza ukulawula imizwelo nokuziphatha, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zengcindezi noma ezinzima.
Ukukhuthaza ukuzithiba, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa amasu athile angasisiza sithuthukise leli khono. Elinye lamasu aphumelela kakhulu ukuzilolonga ukucabanga, okuhlanganisa ukunaka ngokugcwele umzuzu wamanje, ngaphandle kokwahlulela. Ngokuzijwayeza njalo ukucabangela, singafunda ukuqaphela imizwa nemicabango yethu ngaphandle kokuthathwa yiyo, okusisiza ukuba silondoloze ukulawula imizwelo.
Elinye isu elibalulekile lokwenza ngcono ukuzithiba wukuthuthukiswa kwe ubuhlakani bemizwaUbuhlakani bemizwa buhlanganisa ikhono lokubona nokuphatha imizwa yethu, kanye nozwela kanye nekhono lokuhlobana ngendlela enempilo nabanye. Ngokuthuthukisa ubuhlakani bomzwelo, singafunda ukubhekana kangcono nezimo ezicindezelayo futhi silawule imizwelo yethu ngempumelelo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuzilolonga ukuzibuka kanye ukuzicabangela ukukhuthaza ukuzithiba. Ngokubheka ukucabanga kwethu nendlela yethu yokuziphatha, singakwazi ukubona izikhathi lapho silahlekelwa ukulawula imizwa futhi sithole izindlela zokubhekana nalezi zimo ngendlela eyakhayo. Ukuzicabangela kusisiza ukuthi siqonde kangcono imizwa yethu futhi senze izinqumo eziqaphela kakhulu ezihambisana nezimiso zethu.
Ngokwamukela amasu afana nokuprakthiza ukucabangela, ukuthuthukisa ubuhlakani bomzwelo, ukuzibona, nokuzicabangela, singathuthukisa ikhono lethu lokulawula imizwelo yethu nokuziphatha kwethu, sizuze ukulinganisela okukhulu nokwaneliseka ekuphileni kwethu.
Qonda umqondo wokuzilawula kanye nokubaluleka kwakho ekuthuthukisweni komuntu siqu.
Ukuzithiba kuyikhono lomuntu lokulawula imicabango yakhe, imizwa, nokuziphatha ngokuzenzakalelayo nangokuqaphela. Kuyikhono lokuzilawula ngaphakathi, ngaphandle kokuthembela ekushukunyisweni kwangaphandle ukwenza ngokuvumelana nemigomo nezimiso zomuntu.
Leli khono liyisisekelo ekuthuthukisweni komuntu siqu, njengoba livumela abantu ukuba baziqonde kangcono, bahlonze amandla abo nobuthakathaka babo, futhi bakhe amasu okubhekana nezinselele futhi bafinyelele imigomo yabo. Ukuzithiba kuhlobene nekhono lokwenza izinqumo ezinengqondo, ukumelana nemibono, ukulawula ingcindezi, nokugcina ukugxila kwesikhathi eside.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuzithiba, kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa amakhono anjengokuqaphela imizwelo, ukuzikhuthaza, ukuzithiba, nozwela. Ukuzijwayeza ukuzindla, ukunaka, nokuzindla ngezenzo zomuntu nakho kungasiza ekuqiniseni ukuzithiba.
Qonda incazelo nokubaluleka kombiko wokwenza njalo ezinkampanini.
Ukuzilawula kuwumqondo oyisisekelo wokusebenza kahle kwanoma iyiphi inkampani. Kuyinqubo izinkampani ezibophezela ngayo ukuthobela izindinganiso zokuziphatha nezomthetho ngokuzimela, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokungenelela kwangaphandle. Lokhu kubandakanya ukwamukela izinqubo ezinhle zokuphatha izinkampani, ukubeka izinto obala ekusebenzeni, kanye nokuzibophezela komphakathi.
Elinye lamathuluzi abaluleke kakhulu wokuzilawula yisitifiketi sokujwayelekile. Lo mbhalo uyisimemezelo esisemthethweni esivela enkampanini, esifakazela ukuthi iyahambisana namazinga nemithethonqubo esungulelwe umkhakha wayo. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwethembeka kwenkampani kumakhasimende, abatshalizimali, nezigungu ezilawulayo.
Ukubaluleka kwesitifiketi sokujwayezwa akukwazi ukubukelwa phansi. Kubonisa ukuzibophezela kwenkampani emthethweni kanye nokuziphatha, okunomthelela ekwakheni isithombe esihle emakethe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusiza ukugwema izinhlawulo ezingaba khona nezijeziso zokungathobeli imithetho nezimiso ezisebenzayo.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuzilawula, izinkampani kufanele zitshale izimali ezinhlelweni zokuthobela kanye nokuphathwa kwebhizinisi ukuze ziqinisekise ukuthotshelwa kwezidingo zomthetho nezokuziphatha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukugqugquzela isiko lenhlangano elisekelwe kubuqotho nokuhlonipha izindinganiso.
Ngokukhuthaza ukuzithiba, izinkampani zibonisa ukuzibophezela kwazo ezimisweni zokuziphatha nokuba semthethweni, okunikela endaweni yebhizinisi esobala nethembekile.
Izibonelo zokuzithiba: ukuthi kusebenza kanjani kanye nokubaluleka kwakho ekuthuthukisweni komuntu.
Ukuzithiba kuyikhono lokulawula izenzo zethu, imizwelo, nemicabango yethu ngamabomu nangenhloso. Kuyinqubo ebandakanya ukulawula ukuziphatha ngokwezinjongo zomuntu siqu, izinkambiso, kanye nezindinganiso, futhi iyisisekelo ekuthuthukisweni komuntu. Uma sikwazi ukuzilawula ngokwethu izenzo zethu, singabhekana ngokuphumelelayo nezinselele zansuku zonke, senze izinqumo ezingcono, futhi sifinyelele imigomo yethu.
Kunezibonelo ezimbalwa zokuzithiba esingazibona ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke. Isibonelo esivamile yilapho umuntu ekwazi ukulawula ukuthatheka kwakhe futhi abambezele ukuzanelisa kwesikhashana ngenxa yenzuzo enkulu esikhathini esizayo. Esinye isibonelo yilapho othile ekwazi ukulawula imizwa yakhe, njengentukuthelo noma ukudabuka, ukuze abhekane ngokufanele nezimo ezicindezelayo.
Ukuzilawula kusebenza ngenqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ehilela ukwenziwa kusebenze kwezindawo ezahlukene zobuchopho, njenge-prefrontal cortex, enesibopho sokuhlela, ukwenza izinqumo, nokulawula imizwelo. Lapho sithuthukisa leli khono, siyakwazi ukulawula imizwelo yethu, ukunaka, ukuziphatha, nemicabango ngempumelelo.
Ukuzithiba kubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni komuntu. Ihlobene ngokuqondile nempumelelo yezemfundo, yobungcweti, kanye neyomuntu siqu, njengoba isisiza ukuthi sibhekane nengcindezi, sihlale sigxile emigomweni yethu, futhi sixazulule izinkinga ngobuchule nangempumelelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuzilawula kuhlotshaniswa nokuzivumelanisa nezimo nokuqina lapho ubhekene nobunzima bempilo.
Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukukhuthaza ukuzithiba kusukela ebuntwaneni, ngokusebenzisa imikhuba ekhuthaza ukuzithiba, ukuthatha izinqumo ngokuqaphela, nokulawula imizwa. Ukuthuthukiswa kokuzilawula ukuphila kwakho konke kuyinqubo eqhubekayo futhi eguquguqukayo engathuthukiswa ngokuzijwayeza kanye nolwazi.
Ukuzithiba: kuyini futhi singakugqugquzela kanjani?
Nakuba ngezinye izikhathi singakuqapheli, cishe kukho konke esikwenzayo, sisuke silawula esikwenzayo.
Sizwa intukuthelo futhi siyiveze noma cha kuye ngesimo, siyakwazisa ukusho okuthile kumuntu othile noma cha, sikhetha indlela eyodwa noma enye ukwenza ukufeza umgomo, sihlehlisa ukwaneliseka okusheshayo kokufeza enye kamuva... Sikhuluma ngokuzilawula Kulesi sihloko, sizohlaziya kafushane ukuthi lo mqondo usho ukuthini.
Umqondo wokuzilawula
Singaqonda ukuzithiba noma ukuzithiba njengamandla noma isethi yezinqubo esizenzayo ukuze sizilawule ngempumelelo. Leli khono lisivumela ukuthi sihlaziye imvelo futhi siphendule ngokufanele, futhi singashintsha ukusebenza kwethu noma umbono wethu uma kunesidingo. Kafushane, Kusivumela ukuthi siqondise imicabango yethu, imizwa kanye nokuziphatha kwethu ekuzivumelaniseni kahle nemvelo. kanye nokwaneliseka kwezifiso zethu kanye nalokho esikulindele ngokusekelwe ezimweni zesimo.
Ukuzithiba akwenzeki ezingeni lokuziphatha kuphela, kodwa futhi sikusebenzisa lapho silawula imicabango yethu, imizwa kanye nekhono lokuzikhuthaza (isici esihlobene kakhulu).
Iqoqo lezinqubo ezenziwayo liyaziqaphela kakhulu, lidinga ikhono lokuzibheka wena noma ukuqondisa ukuziphatha komuntu siqu, ukuzihlola noma ukwahlulela ukubaluleka kokusebenza, imizwa, noma imicabango, ukuziqondisa noma ukugxila emgomweni, nokuziqinisa noma ukuthola ukwaneliseka kwangaphakathi ukuze uthole impumelelo noma ukuziphatha okuholela kukho. Ngaphandle kwalawa makhono, besingeke sikwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga ngokuguquguquka.
Sizilawula kuphi?
Kuyikhono elingelona elokuzalwa ngokuphelele, kodwa elithuthukiswayo futhi liqiniswe ngokusekelwe ekufundeni kwethu kanye nezimo nezisusa eziyingxenye yempilo yethu. Ezingeni lebhayoloji, ihambisana kakhulu nokuthuthukiswa kwe-lobe yangaphambili futhi, ikakhulukazi, i-prefrontal lobe.
Ushintsho noma ukubambezeleka ekuthuthukisweni okushiwo kuzodala ubunzima obukhulu ekulawuleni ukuziphatha komuntu. . Kodwa ukuba khona kokuxhumana phakathi kwale ndawo nezinye izakhiwo, njenge- limbic system, i-basal ganglia noma i-cerebellum nakho kubalulekile.
Izakhi eziyinhloko ezithonya ukuzilawula
Umqondo wokuzilawula uhlanganisa isigaba esibanzi samakhono ahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukuvimbela ukuziphatha, ukuqapha umsebenzi, ukuguquguquka kwengqondo, ukuzihlola, ugqozi, nokusungulwa kwezinhlelo zokuqapha. Inani elikhulu lemisebenzi yokuphatha ifakiwe.
Ikhono lokucabanga ngokucabanga noma i-metacognition , umbono wokulawula izimo, okulindelekile kanye nombono wokukwazi ukuzimela futhi kunomthelela ekhonweni lokuzilawula Kwenziwa lula futhi kuncike kakhulu kuziqondiso esizinikeza zona ezisivumela ukuthi siziqondise. Ukulindela imivuzo nokugwema ukujeziswa, nezici zazo, nakho kunomthelela kulokhu kuzilawula.
Ukuphazamiseka okuhlobene nokulimala
Ukuzithiba kusivumela ukuthi silawule umsebenzi wethu futhi siwenze uvumelane nezimo, kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle komphakathi. Ukwehluleka ukuzilawula ngendlela efanele kuzoholela ezinkingeni ezinjengobunzima bokuqalisa noma ukumisa ukuziphatha okuthile, ukuhlonza izici ezifana nesidingo sokushintsha amasu, ukwehla okuvamile, amazinga aphansi okusebenza kahle nokukhiqiza, kanye nobunzima bokugcina noma ukuphoqelela ushintsho ekugxilweni kwethu.
Isibonelo sokuphazamiseka noma inkinga lapho kunokuncipha kwekhono lokuzilawula i-ADHD , lapho isihloko sinobunzima bokugxila noma ukulawula ukuziphatha kwabo, noma ukuphazamiseka kwe-autism spectrum (lapho kunobunzima bokulawula imizwa kanye nokubhekana nezinguquko, ngaphezu kokushoda kwezenhlalo nezokuxhumana). Kwezinye iziyaluyalu zengqondo, kukhona futhi izinguquko ekuzilawuleni, njengokuphazamiseka kokulawula umfutho, ukukhathazeka, noma ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa. Futhi ku-schizophrenia.
Ngokufanayo, izinkinga zokuzilawula ziyatholakala kubantu abanokulimala kwe-lobe yangaphambili, ikakhulukazi esifundeni sangaphambili. Ukuwohloka komqondo, ukulimala ekhanda, amathumba ebuchosheni, noma ukushaywa unhlangothi kuthinta isifunda sangaphambili kanye/noma ukuxhumana kwaso.
Indlela yokukhulisa
Ezimeni lapho amandla okuzilawula engakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kakhulu noma engakathuthukiswa ngokugcwele, kungaba usizo kakhulu ukwenza izinqubo ezahlukene ukuze andise.
Ngalo mqondo, uhlobo lwemisebenzi, ukwelashwa, kanye nokwelapha okuzosetshenziswa kuzoncika ezizatho zokushoda kokuzithiba, imiphumela yako, noma indawo yokushoda okukhulu. Ukuqeqeshwa nokwenza lula ukubona imetacognition nokuzindla, ukuhlehliswa kokwahlulela, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezinye izindlela noma imfundo yemizwa kuyanconywa. Ukumodela nokusebenzisa ukuzifundisa nakho kuyasiza kakhulu. Kwezinye izimo, kungase kudingeke ukunikeza usizo olufanele ukubhekana nemikhawulo ekhona. .
Isibonelo sokwelashwa okusekelwe kulokhu ukwelapha kokuzilawula kuka-Rehm, ngokuvamile okusetshenziselwa ukucindezeleka. Ezinye izakhi zokwelapha ezingase zisetshenziswe zingase zihlanganise ukuqeqeshwa kwamakhono omphakathi, ukuqeqeshwa kokuqiniseka, noma ukuqeqeshwa kokuxazulula izinkinga, kanye nokwelashwa komsebenzi.
Izinkomba ze-Bibliographic:
- Baker, E. & Alonso, J. (2014). Amathiyori wokuzilawula kwezemfundo: isiqhathaniso kanye nokuzindla kwethiyori. Isayensi Yengqondo Yezemfundo 20 (1); 11-22.
- Zimmerman, B. J., & Moylan, A. R. (2009). Ukuzithiba: Lapho i-metacognition ne-motivation ihlangana khona. Ku-D. J. Hacker, J. Dunlosky, & A. C. Graesser (Eds.), Handbook of Metacognition in Education (pp. 299–315). ENew York: I-Routledge.