Isivivinyo sokuhweba esijwayelekile inqubo yokwahlulela esetshenziselwa ukuxazulula izingxabano ezihlobene nezindaba zezentengiselwano, njengezinkontileka, izibopho zenkampani, ukuncintisana okungalungile, nokunye. Kulolu hlobo lwecala, abathintekayo bethula izimpikiswano zabo kanye nobufakazi phambi kwejaji, elizonquma icala ngokusekelwe emthethweni osebenzayo.
Phakathi nenqubo evamile yokuqulwa kwecala lezentengiselwano, izigaba eziningana ziyenziwa, njengokwethulwa kwesicelo sokuqala, impendulo, ukukhiqizwa kobufakazi, ukulalelwa, izimpikiswano zokugcina futhi, ekugcineni, isigwebo esinikezwe ijaji.
Isibonelo sesivivinyo esijwayelekile sezohwebo kungaba inkampani ethi ilinyazwe imbangi okusolakala ukuthi ikopishe uphawu lwayo lokuthengisa olubhalisiwe. Abathintekayo bazokwethula izimpikiswano zabo kanye nobufakazi phambi kwejaji, elizohlaziya icala ngokusekelwe emithethweni yempahla yengqondo neyokuncintisana ngokungafanele, linqume ukuthi amalungelo ommangali aphulwa noma cha.
Qonda izigaba ezi-5 zenqubo yokuthengisa ukuze uzuze impumelelo yezentengiso.
Ukuze uthole impumelelo yezohwebo, kubalulekile ukuqonda izigaba ezi-5 zenqubo yokuthengisa. Isigaba ngasinye sibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ukuthengisa kuqedwa ngempumelelo nangendlela egculisayo kuzo zombili izinhlangothi ezithintekayo. Ake sihlaziye isigaba ngasinye ngokuningiliziwe:
1. Ukuhlola: Kulesi sigaba, umdayisi ukhomba amakhasimende angaba khona futhi axhumane nawo okokuqala. Kubalulekile ukuba nohlelo oluhle lokuhlola ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ufinyelela abantu abafanele.
2. Iziqu: Ngemuva kokubheka, udinga ukuthola umkhondo ukuze unqume ukuthi banayo yini iphrofayili efanele yokuba ngamakhasimende. Lokhu kubandakanya ukuhlola izidingo zabo, isabelomali, kanye nesikhathi sokwenza isinqumo sokuthenga.
3. Isethulo: Uma ukuhola sekufanelekile, umdayisi wethula umkhiqizo noma isevisi, egqamisa izinzuzo zawo kanye nezinzuzo zokuncintisana. Kubalulekile ukwenza isethulo ngendlela oyifisayo ihambisane nezidingo eziqondile zekhasimende.
4. Ukuxoxisana: Phakathi nalesi sigaba, umdayisi uxoxisana ngemibandela yokuthengisa, njengentengo, imigomo yokukhokha, nezimo zokulethwa. Kubalulekile ukugcina ukuxhumana okucacile nokungafihli lutho ukuze kufinyelelwe esivumelwaneni esinelisayo.
5. Ukuvala: Ekugcineni, umthengisi uvala ukuthengisa, enze isivumelwano sibe semthethweni futhi aqinisekise ukuthi yonke imininingwane icacile kubo bobabili abathintekayo. Kubalulekile ukulandela ikhasimende ngemuva kokuvalwa kwentengiso ukuze uqinisekise ukwaneliseka kwalo nokwethembeka.
Ngamafuphi, ukuze uzuze impumelelo yezohwebo, kubalulekile ukulandela izigaba ezi-5 zenqubo yokuthengisa kahle nangendlela ehlelekile. Isinyathelo ngasinye sibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthengiswa okuyimpumelelo nokwakha ubudlelwano obuhlala njalo namakhasimende.
Zitholele izigaba ezingu-7 ezibalulekile zokuthengisa okuphumelelayo komkhiqizo nesevisi.
Ukuze uthole impumelelo ekuthengiseni imikhiqizo namasevisi, kubalulekile ukulandela izinyathelo ezithile ezibalulekile ezingaqinisekisa imiphumela emihle. Zitholele izigaba eziyi-7 ezibalulekile zokufeza izinhloso zebhizinisi lakho:
1. Yazi umkhiqizo noma isevisi yakho: Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukuthengisa, kubalulekile ukuqonda kabanzi ukuthi yini oyinikezayo. Ukuqonda izici, izinzuzo, nezici ezihlukile zomkhiqizo noma isevisi yakho kubalulekile ekukholiseni amakhasimende ngekhwalithi yawo.
2. Chaza izethameli zakho: Ukwazi ukuthi uthengisa kubani kubalulekile ukuze uqondise ngempumelelo amasu akho. Ukuqonda izidingo zezethameli ozihlosile, izifiso, kanye nezintandokazi kungakhuphula kakhulu amathuba akho okuphumelela kwezokuthengisa.
3. Zibekele imigomo ecacile: Misa izinhloso eziqondile, ezilinganisekayo zokuqondisa imizamo yakho yokuthengisa. Ukuba nemigomo ecacile kukusiza ukuthi uhlale ugxilile futhi ugqugquzelekile ukuze uzuze imiphumela oyifunayo.
4. Yakha uhlelo lokusebenza: Yakha isu elibalulekile elihlanganisa amasu okumaketha, iziteshi zokuthengisa, kanye nezenzo ezidingekayo ukuze ufeze izinjongo zakho. Uhlelo olwakhiwe kahle lungakhuphula ukusebenza kahle kokuthengisa kwakho.
5. Yakha ubudlelwano nekhasimende: Indali ayipheli ngesikhathi sokuthenga. Kubalulekile ukuhlakulela ubudlelwano obuqhubekayo nekhasimende, ukunikeza ukusekelwa kwangemva kokuthengisa, ukugcina ukuxhumana, nokufuna impendulo ukuze uqinisekise ukwaneliseka nokwethembeka.
6. Thuthukisa amakhono akho okuxhumana: Ukuxhumana kubalulekile enqubweni yokuthengisa. Thuthukisa amakhono akho okuxhumana ngomlomo nangaphandle ukuze udlulisele ukwethembana, ukwethembeka, nokuncenga kumakhasimende.
7. Qaphela futhi uhlole imiphumela: Hlala uqapha ukusebenza kokuthengisa kwakho, hlaziya imiphumela, futhi uhlonze amathuba okuthuthukisa. Ukuhlola okuqhubekayo kubalulekile ukuze ulungise amasu akho nokuqinisekisa impumelelo yesikhathi eside.
Landela lezi zinyathelo ezingu-7 ezibalulekile futhi ulungele ukuzuza impumelelo ekuthengiseni imikhiqizo namasevisi, ukuwina amakhasimende nokwandisa imiphumela yebhizinisi lakho.
Izigaba zenqubo yezohwebo: isipiliyoni kuzo zonke izigaba zebhizinisi.
Isivivinyo Esijwayelekile Sezohwebo yinqubo engokomthetho ehlanganisa izingxabano phakathi kwezinkampani. Kubalulekile ukuqonda izinyathelo ezihilelekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izinhlangothi ezithintekayo zinesipiliyoni esinobulungiswa nesilinganayo.
Izigaba zecala lezentengiso zifaka phakathi isimangalo sokuqala, impendulo, ukutholwa, ukuqulwa kwecala, kanye nokwahlulela. Phakathi nesimangalo sokuqala, ummangali wethula isimangalo sakhe enkantolo, echaza amaqiniso nezizathu ezingokomthetho zecala. Impendulo iyimpendulo yommangalelwa esicelweni sokuqala, lapho bengathula khona ukuzivikela kanye nokuphikisana.
Ukutholwa yisigaba lapho abathintekayo beqoqa khona ubufakazi nolwazi oluhambisana necala, ngobufakazi, imibhalo, nezinye izindlela. Ukuqulwa kwecala yisikhathi lapho abathintekayo bethula izimpikiswano zabo kanye nobufakazi phambi kwejaji, elizothatha isinqumo esisekelwe ebufakazini obuveziwe.
Ekugcineni, ukwahlulela kuyisinqumo sokugcina sejaji, esinquma ukuxazululwa kwecala. Kubalulekile ukuba nolwazi kuzo zonke izigaba zomsebenzi ukuze uqinisekise ukumelwa okuphumelelayo nempumelelo kuyo yonke inqubo yezohwebo.
Isibonelo Sesivivinyo Esijwayelekile Sokuhweba singase sibe ingxabano phakathi kwezinkampani ezimbili mayelana nenkontileka yokuhlinzeka ngesevisi. Ummangali angase athi ummangalelwa uhlulekile ukufeza izibopho zakhe zenkontileka, kuyilapho ummangalelwa engase aphikise izinsolo futhi ethule izizathu.
Kubalulekile ukuba nochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe nabanolwazi abamele izintshisekelo zenkampani ngesikhathi Sesivivinyo Esijwayelekile Sezentengiselwano, ukuqinisekisa ukuxazululwa okufanelekile nokulinganayo kwengxabano. Ukuqonda okuphelele kwezinyathelo ezibandakanyekayo kwinqubo yezohwebo kubalulekile ukuze uzulazule ngempumelelo yonke inqubo yezomthetho.
Inqubo yokumaketha: qonda ukuthi ukuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo namasevisi kusebenza kanjani.
Inqubo yokumaketha ibalulekile empumelelweni yanoma yiliphi ibhizinisi. Ihlanganisa zonke izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze kudayiswe imikhiqizo namasevisi, kusukela ekuhlonzeni izethameli eziqondiwe kuye ekuletheni umkhiqizo noma isevisi. Ukuqonda ukuthi lolu hlelo lusebenza kanjani kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izinjongo zebhizinisi zenkampani ziyafezeka.
Esinye sezinyathelo ezibaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lokumaketha yi- Isivivinyo Sezentengiso EsijwayelekileKodwa kuyini ngempela lokhu? Ukwahlulela Okujwayelekile Kwezohwebo kuhlanganisa ukuhlola amandla okuthengisa omkhiqizo noma isevisi, kucatshangelwa izici ezimbalwa njengemakethe, ukuncintisana, isidingo sabathengi, nesu lokumaketha lenkampani.
Ukuze wenze Isivivinyo Esijwayelekile Sokuhweba, izinyathelo ezimbalwa ziyadingeka. Okokuqala ukuhlola imakethe, ukuhlonza izitayela namathuba omkhiqizo noma isevisi okukhulunywa ngayo. Okulandelayo, kuyadingeka ukuhlola umncintiswano, ukuqonda ukuthi usebenza kanjani namandla awo kanye nobuthakathaka.
Esinye isinyathelo esibalulekile Esivivinyweni Esijwayelekile Sokuhweba sichaza izethameli eziqondiwe—okungukuthi, obani abathengi abanentshisekelo kumkhiqizo noma isevisi ehlinzekwa yinkampani. Ngokusekelwe kule ncazelo, kungenzeka ukuthuthukisa amasu okuthengisa aphumelela kakhudlwana ukuze kufinyelelwe izethameli ezifunwayo.
Isibonelo esisebenzayo seSahlulelo Esijwayelekile Sokuhweba kungaba ukuhlaziya imakethe okwenziwa inkampani eyethula umkhiqizo omusha. Kulokhu, inkampani ingase ifunde ukuziphatha kwabathengi, ukwamukelwa komkhiqizo yizimbangi, namathuba okukhula engxenyeni esebenza kuyo.
Ngamafuphi, Ukwahlulela Okujwayelekile Kwezohwebo kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile enqubweni yokuthengisa, esiza izinkampani zihlonze amandla okuthengisa emikhiqizo namasevisi azo. Ngokuqonda nokusebenzisa kahle lo mqondo, izinkampani zingandisa amathuba azo okuphumelela emakethe futhi zithole imiphumela engcono yokuthengisa.
Isilingo Esijwayelekile Sokuhweba: Kuyini, Izigaba kanye Nesibonelo
A umusho ojwayelekile wokuhweba kuyisenzo somthetho sokusingatha wonke amacala lapho izingxabano ingenayo inqubo ekhethekile. Isahlulelo esivamile sokuhweba siqhubeka kuzo zonke izimo lapho imincintiswano ingenayo inqubo ekhethekile.
NgokweSihloko Sesibili Sekhodi Yezohwebo YaseMexico esihlokweni saso esithi 1377, indlela izinqumo ezijwayelekile zezohwebo okufanele ziphathwe ngayo iyasungulwa; Isho lokhu okulandelayo: "Zonke izingxabano phakathi kwamaqembu ezingakakhonjiswa kule khodi yokucubungula okukhethekile zidluliselwa ngezinqubo ezifanayo"
Ukwahlulela kwezohwebo kungaba okuvamile noma okuphethe. Igama elithi ukwahlulela okujwayelekile kwezentengiselwano livela kwelesiLatini iudicum , okuhumusheka njengolwazi lwendaba okufanele ijaji likhiphe isigwebo.
Igama elithi commercial libhekisela kukho konke okuphathelene nohwebo nezimpahla, izinto ezihambayo ezingaphansi kokuthengiswa.
Ngamanye amazwi, izahlulelo ezivamile zezentengiselwano zihlanganisa lezo lapho ijaji linegunya phezu kodaba oluhlobene nokuthengiselana kwezentengiselwano phakathi kwezinhlangothi ezimbili, lapho kufanele linqume futhi likhiphe isahlulelo. Lokhu kuyisici esibalulekile somthetho wezohwebo waseMexico.
Ihlanganisani?
Isenzo silethwa omunye wamaqembu, okumele ahambisane nemfuneko esungulwe ku-athikili 255 ye-Code of Civil Procedure.
Kanye necala, izincwadi ezisekela abamangali njengamaqembu ecaleni kufanele zihanjiswe, kanye namandla okusebenza njengommeli.
Uma isikhalazo samukelwe, ijaji libiza ummangalelwa ukuba abambe iqhaza ekuqulweni kwecala. Isaziso esisemthethweni sithunyelwa kummangalelwa; okungenani banezinsuku eziyisishiyagalolunye zokukhipha impendulo. Lesi yisikhathi sokuphikisa amaqiniso ashiwo ummangali kanye nokuphikisa ukuphikisa.
Phakathi nesikhathi esimisiwe sobufakazi, izinhlangothi zombili zinamandla okwethula ubufakazi bese ziqhubeka nokushicilela ubufakazi, ziqinisekisa ngokucacile ubufakazi bazo futhi zigcwalise izinqubo ezidingekayo zobufakazi.
Ngemuva kwenqubo yobufakazi, ngaphandle kwayo, izinsolo zethulwa ngokuletha amaphepha okuqala kummangali kanye nommangalelwa zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-10 ukuze kulungiswe isimangalo sabo.
Izigaba
Isivivinyo sokuhweba esijwayelekile sinezigaba ezine:
Isigaba sokulungiswa kwe-Postulatory noma i-lithium
Lokhu kubandakanya zombili izinhlangothi ezisungula izimangalo zazo zisebenzisa isahlulelo esivamile sokuhweba. Amaqembu ethula amaqiniso ngombono wawo futhi aveze okufanele kwenziwe ngokuzizuzisa wona. Ukukhumbula kungenzeka.
Lesi sinyathelo sokuqala siqedwa ngokunquma ukuthi iyini inkinga. ukuqulwa kwecala ; okungukuthi, indaba ephikisanayo, izakhi ezizoba isihloko sobufakazi, izinsolo, nokwahlulela. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa izifinyezo zesicelo kanye nezimpendulo. Izidingo zesicelo yilezi:
– Igama lenkantolo eyethulwa phambi kwayo.
– Igama lommangali kanye nommangalelwa.
– Izehlakalo ezingaphansi kwecala
- Izisekelo zomthetho.
- Faka isimangalo ngokuningiliziwe, ucacise imigomo.
Isikhathi sokuhlolwa
Ukuqala kwalesi sigaba kunqunywa ngumyalelo wejaji othi icala livulwe ukuze kube nobufakazi. Lawa amandla okuzikhethela wejaji, njengoba kunjalo nokusungulwa kwenani lezinsuku ezidingekayo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, zingeqi ezinsukwini ezingama-40.
Yisikhathi esifushane, ikakhulukazi uma kubhekwa ukuthi ubufakazi kumele bethulwe kusenesikhathi ukuze buvume, bulungiswe futhi buchithe, ngaphandle kwalokho ijaji linamandla okubuchitha.
Izinsolo
Ngemva kwesikhathi sesilingo kufika izimpikiswano, ezihlala izinsuku ezingu-10 eqenjini ngalinye. Phakathi nezingxabano, ijaji kufanele likwazi ukuhlola ngendlela ehlelekile nefingqiwe amaqiniso asekela izimangalo zezinhlangothi kanye nobufakazi bamalungelo abo.
Uma kungekho zinsolo ezifakiwe, ngeke kube nesijeziso, kodwa ilungelo lokwenza kanjalo esikhathini esizayo lizolahleka.
Isinqumo
Kulesi sigaba sokugcina nesibalulekile, umusho ozosetshenziswa uyanqunywa, okuwukugcina noma okuphikisanayo, ngokuya ngodaba oluyinhloko noma isigameko se-accessory.
Ngokuvumelana nalokho okusungulwe ngokomthetho, ijaji lizosungula isahlulelo esisekelwe encazelweni yomthetho futhi, uma engawutholi umthetho ofanelekayo, uzohambisana nezimiso ezivamile zomthetho. Lokhu kusekelwa i-athikili 1324 yeKhodi Yezentengiso, efundeka kanje:
"Zonke izahlulelo kufanele zisekelwe emthethweni, futhi uma umqondo wemvelo noma umoya wokwahlulela ungeke ukwazi ukunquma ingxabano, imigomo evamile yomthetho izocatshangelwa, kucatshangelwa zonke izimo zecala."
Isibonelo
Inkampani engu-X edayisa imikhiqizo yekhompiyutha idinga enye inkampani engu-Y ehlinzeka ngamasevisi osekelo ocingo. Isidingo semakethe sidala ukwahlulela kwemakethe efanayo.
I-Company X ithi, ngaphansi kwenkontileka yokuthengisa neNkampani Y, ngihlinzeke ngamakhompyutha abiza u-€50.000. Inkampani Y yakhipha isheke laleyo mali, elagingqika labuye labuyiswa.
Inkampani X ifuna inani elikweletwayo ngemisebenzi yezentengiselwano eyenziwe kanye nenzalo ngenani elisemthethweni eliqongelelwe isikhathi esidlulile kusukela kokuzenzakalelayo. Kunjalo, iphinde ifune ukukhokhelwa ngummangalelwa ngezindleko zecala elijwayelekile lezohwebo.
I-Company Y ithi isheke lithunyelwe ukuze likhokhwe ngaphambi komnqamulajuqu okuvunyelwene ngawo ngakho-ke ayinayo imali. Baphinde bathi sebezame kaningi ukuxhumana neCompany X ukuze baxazulule lesi simo kodwa kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya.
Zombili izinhlangothi zethula ubufakazi bamadokhumenti nezimpikiswano zazo ngesikhathi ukuze ijaji likwazi ukukhipha isinqumo esisekelwe kubo bonke ubufakazi obamukelwayo.
Ijaji liyala inkampani ukuba ikhokhe inani elifunekayo nenzalo, kanye nezindleko zecala.
Izinkomba
- Ummeli (2015) ukwahlulela okujwayelekile kwezentengiselwano. derechomexicano.com.mx/juicio-ordinario-mercantil
- Comprehensive futhi okukhethekile Consulting ifemu. Ukwahlulela okujwayelekile kwezentengiso. Abogados-litigio.com
- Magda Mara Izinqumo zezentengiselwano Poderjudicial-gto.gob.mx
- I-Iberley (2016), Izinkantolo Ezivamile Zokubusa kanye Nezohwebo. iberley.es
- Wikipedia Ukwahlulela