- Umehluko womqondo phakathi komcabango, ogxile ekubonweni ngeso lengqondo kanye nobuciko, kanye nephupho, elihlobene namaphupho kanye nezinto ezingezona ezingokoqobo.
- Ukuvela komcabango kusukela kuPlato no-Aristotle kuya ezincwadini zikaCervantes kanye nombono kaBruno Munari.
- Umthelela wokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwemicabango ekukhuleni kwengqondo kwezingane ngokwendlela kaMontessori.
Uma sima sicabange ngalokho okwenzeka ngaphakathi emakhanda ethu, kuvamile ukudida izinqubo ezimbili ezibonakala sengathi ziyizimpatha: umcabango kanye nephupho. Nakuba empilweni yansuku zonke sisebenzisa womabili la magama ukukhuluma ngawo Ukuphupha emini noma ukudala imihlabaKukhona umhosha womqondo nowomlando ohlukanisa ikhono lokubona into ngeso lengqondo nokuthambekela kokulahleka kuma-chimera. Kunjengokungathi enye iyithuluzi lokwakha kanti enye iyizinto ezifana nephupho, ezivame ukuhlukaniswa neqiniso.
Ukuhlola la magama akuyona nje umsebenzi wesichazamazwi, kodwa uhambo olusithatha ludlule ezihlakaniphini zamaGreki, ochwepheshe bezincwadi abanjengoCervantes, ngisho nasezindleleni zesimanje zokufundisa. Amandla okudala aphela kuphi bese kuqala ukuphupha emini? Kusisiza siqonde indlela esicubungula ngayo ulwazi, indlela esifunda ngayo kusukela ebuntwaneni, nokuthi ubuciko bungasikhohlisa kanjani ngendlela ejabulisayo kangaka, buguqule amanga abe amaqiniso angokomzwelo.
Izimpande Zefilosofi: Kusukela KuPlato Kuya Ku-Aristotle
Uma sibuyela emuva ezikhathini zasendulo, sizobona ukuthi isisekelo sakho konke sisegameni lesiGreki. inganekwaneKuPlato, lokhu kwakuwumsebenzi wengqondo owakhiqiza imifanekiso noma izethulo lokho akuzange kuvele ezeni, kodwa kunalokho kuvela ezinkumbulweni zalokho esikwaziyo kakade. Wayebheka inganekwane ngokungazethembi okuthile, eyihlanganisa nombuso "wokubukeka" (phainesthai) hhayi "nowokuba khona." Kusazi sefilosofi, umdwebi owadala i-simulacra wayengumenzi wezithombe ezihlekisayo, ekhiqiza izithombe ezingaba khona iqiniso noma amanga, kuncike kuphela embonweni womuntu siqu.
Nokho, u-Aristotle wanikeza umbono olinganiselayo. Wayengabheki inganekwane njengephutha nje kuphela, kodwa futhi njenge... ikhono eliphakathi phakathi kwemizwa nomcabangoKuye, akukho mcabango ngaphandle kwenganekwane, noma inganekwane ngaphandle kwemizwa. Iphuzu elibalulekile lapha ukuthi... Umcabango we-Aristotle unomlingiswa wokulindela., ezibonakala ngamandla emaphusheni, lapho sihlela khona izifiso nezinto ezifiselekayo, esebenza cishe njengamandla athatha indawo yobuhlakani uma bufiphele, njengoba kwenzeka ngesikhathi somkhuhlane noma ubuthongo.
Umbono kaCervantes kanye nokwakhiwa koMhlaba Wezincwadi
Emsebenzini kaMiguel de Cervantes, ikakhulukazi kuDon Quixote, sibona ukuhlanganiswa kwale mibono ngendlela yobuciko. Umbhali usebenzisa inganekwane nomcabango cishe njengezimpawu ezifanayo ukuchaza... indawo yokugcina umphefumulo lapho izinkolelo zisekelwe khona. Lapho uDon Quixote ehlanya, kungenxa yokuthi umcabango wakhe wawugcwele izincwadi zobuqhawe, ezakha umshini wokusungula izinto eziphuphile okuyinto aqala ukuyamukela njengeqiniso kuphela emhlabeni.
UCervantes usibonisa ukuthi ukucabanga kusebenza njengomdwebo womphefumulo. Uchaza inqubo ukubona, ukugxilisa engqondweni, bese kuba ukumelela. ngamazwi. Nokho, wenza umehluko omncane: ngenkathi ukucabanga kuyithuluzi, Inganekwane ingachazwa njengento "ehlanyayo" noma "eyimpumputhe."...kuhlobene nama-chimera namathemba angenasisekelo. Umlingiswa uDulcinea uyisibonelo esiphelele salokhu: ungu... intokazi emangalisayo, yasungulwa ekuqondeni kweqhawe ukuze kufezwe isidingo sokuba nesithandwa esifanelekile.
Umbono KaBruno Munari Wezobuchwepheshe
Ukusuka ezincwadini kuya ekuklameni, uBruno Munari unikeza umehluko osebenzayo kakhulu. Kuye, inganekwane iyikhono elikhululekile kunawo wonke, elikwazi ukungazinaki ngokuphelele ukuthi kungenzeka yini lokho okucatshangelwayo. Ngokuqondene... ukusungula izinto ezintsha kusebenzisa indlela efanayo neyokuqagela — ukuhlobanisa izinto ezaziwayo — kodwa ngenhloso esebenzayo: ukwenza okuthile kusebenze. Ngenkathi umsunguli egxile emsebenzini, umculi angase akhathazeke ngobuhle, kodwa isisekelo yi- ukusetshenziswa okuwusizo komcabango.
Ukucabanga, kulo mongo, kuyindlela lapho inganekwane noma ubuciko buveza khona lokho abantu abakucabangayo. UMunari uthi abanye abantu banemicabango ebuthakathaka futhi badinga... ababukeli noma abenzi bamamodeli ukubona ngeso lengqondo iphrojekthi. Iphuzu elithakazelisayo ukuthi Ukucabanga akusho ukuthi kufanele ube nobuciko.Angavusa into esevele ikhona kodwa engekho, noma ahluleke kabi ekuzameni. ukubona ngeso lengqondo into engenakwenzekanjengesithuthuthu esenziwe ngoketshezi.
Umbono Wokufundisa: Indlela KaMontessori
Emkhakheni wezemfundo, umbono kaMaria Montessori uqine kakhulu. Wayebheka iphupho elidlulele njengento ukuphazamiseka kobuntu okungavimbela ukugxilisa ingqondo kwengane ezweni langempela. Ngokwale ndlela, lapho ingqondo ilahleka emaphusheni, iyaphambuka ekusebenzeni okuvamile bese ilahlekelwa ikhono loku... lawula amaphutha futhi unake emisebenzini ethile.
KuMontessori, ukuhlakanipha kukhula ngokuhlaziya okubucayi kweqiniso. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwezikrini nemidlalo yezobuchwepheshe ngaphambi kweminyaka eyisithupha kungaba yingozi, ngoba shintsha okuhlangenwe nakho kwangempela ngezithombe zokwenziwa. Isincomo siwukugcina iphila Umcabango odala ubuciko. kanye nokuxazulula izinkinga, kodwa shiya okuqukethwe okumangalisayo ukuze kuqhubeke isikhathi esizayo, lapho ingane isikwazi kakade... ukuhlukanisa phakathi kweqiniso kanye nokungekona ngaphandle kokuzizwa uphazamisekile.
Lolu hlu oluyinkimbinkimbi lwemiqondo lwembula ukuthi, nakuba umcabango usivumela ukuba sibone izinto ezingekho futhi sakhe izixazululo ezintsha, imicabango isithuthela ezicini ezithinta umuntu ezingaphefumulela ubuciko futhi zisihlukanise neqiniso. Isihluthulelo ukuqonda ukuthi... Ubuciko buzalwa ngomcabango. Kusekelwe kahle, kuyilapho inganekwane iyindawo yamaphupho, ngezinye izikhathi iyingozi ekufundeni kwezingane, ngezinye izikhathi ibalulekile ekwakhiweni kwezincwadi ezinkulu ezisenza sikholelwe emangeni amahle.
