I-Cockade yase-Argentina, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Cocar yase-Argentina, iwuphawu lukazwelonke lwase-Argentina olunemvelaphi ebalulekile yomlando. Idalwe ngesikhathi seMpi Yokuzimela yezwe, i-Cockade yase-Argentina yamukelwa amasosha ase-Argentina njengebheji lokuhlonza kanye nobunye. Ukwakhiwa kwalesi simboli kuthiwa kwenziwa nguManuel Belgrano, omunye wabaholi bokulwela inkululeko yase-Argentina. I-Cockade yase-Argentina yakhiwe ngemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokumhlophe, emelela ifulegi lezwe, futhi isewuphawu lokuzigqaja nokushisekela izwe kubantu base-Argentina kuze kube namuhla.
Isifinyezo esifushane somlando wase-Argentina: ukusuka ekoloni yaseSpain kuya ekuzimeleni nasekuthuthukisweni komnotho.
Umlando wase-Argentina uqala ngokuba amakoloni eSpain ekhulwini le-16, lapho abanqobi befika endaweni manje eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Argentina. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kwakunezingxabano nabantu bomdabu, njengamaMapuche namaGuarani, abenqaba ukubuswa abaseSpain. Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, lesi sifunda sathuthuka futhi saba ikoloni elibalulekile laseSpain eNingizimu Melika.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-1816, i-Argentina yaqala ukulwela inkululeko eSpain. Ngo-XNUMX, inkululeko yezwe yamenyezelwa ngemva kweminyaka yempi nokungqubuzana. Kusukela lapho, i-Argentina yathola inkathi yokuthuthukiswa komnotho, ngokwanda kwezolimo nokulima kwemfuyo, yaba ngelinye lamazwe aphumelela kakhulu esifundeni.
Ngokuqiniswa kokuzimela nokukhula komnotho, i-Argentina yaba isikhungo esibalulekile samasiko nezepolitiki eLatin America. Abantu abanjengoJuan Domingo Perón kanye no-Eva Perón baphawule umlando wezwe, njengoba kwenza izehlakalo ezifana neMpi YaseFalklands kanye nezinkinga ezihlukahlukene zezomnotho eyayibhekane nazo eminyakeni edlule.
Naphezu kokwehla nokwenyuka kwayo, i-Argentina isalokhu iyizwe elinomlando namasiko acebile, aboniswa emifanekisweni yezwe njenge-Cockade yase-Argentina. Kodwa ubani owadala lesi siqeshana esibalulekile sobunikazi base-Argentina?
Isifinyezo esingokomlando sase-Argentina ngefomethi ye-PDF ukuze ufinyeleleke kalula futhi uyiqonde.
Isifinyezo esingokomlando sase-Argentina ngefomethi ye-PDF siyindlela enhle kakhulu yokuqonda umlando wezwe ngendlela efinyelelekayo nehlelekile. Lo mbhalo uhlinzeka ngesifinyezo sezehlakalo ezinkulu nezinkathi ezilolonge indlela yase-Argentina phakathi namakhulu eminyaka.
Lo mbhalo uhlanganisa inkathi kusukela ekubunjweni kwamakoloni eSpain kuze kube namuhla, ehlanganisa izikhathi ezibalulekile ezifana nokuzimela, izimpi zombango, nobushiqela bezempi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isifinyezo somlando siphinde sigqamise izici zamasiko, ezomnotho, nezenhlalo ezibe nomthelela ekwakhiweni kobunikazi base-Argentina.
Ifomethi ye-PDF yenza izinto zifinyeleleke kalula, zivumele ukuthi zilandwe futhi kuboniswe ngazo noma nini. Ngale ndlela, abafundi, abacwaningi, kanye nalabo abanentshisekelo ngokujwayelekile bangangena bajule emlandweni wase-Argentina ngendlela esebenzayo nefundisayo.
Kulabo abafuna ukufunda okwengeziwe ngomlando wase-Argentina ngendlela emfushane necacile, isifinyezo somlando ngefomethi ye-PDF siyindlela enhle kakhulu. Kukusiza ukuthi uqonde izehlakalo ezibalulekile nezimo ezilolonge izwe esilaziyo namuhla.
I-Cockade Argentina: Umlando, ngubani owadala?
I-Cockade yase-Argentina iwuphawu lukazwelonke olusetshenziswa ezweni, olwakhiwe ngemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomhlophe, emele ifulegi lase-Argentina. Umsuka weqhude usukela ngesikhathi senkululeko, lapho lamukelwa njengebheji ngabavukeli ababelwela inkululeko yezwe.
I-Cockade yase-Argentina idalwe ngu-Manuel Belgrano, omunye wabaholi benkululeko yase-Argentina futhi unomthwalo wemfanelo wokwethula ifulegi eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokumhlophe. I-cockade yayisetshenziswa njengophawu lobumbano kanye nobunikazi phakathi kwabashisekeli bezwe base-Argentina abafuna inkululeko ekubuseni baseSpain.
Eminyakeni edlule, i-Cockade yase-Argentina isibe uphawu lukazwelonke, olukhona ekubonakalisweni okuhlukahlukene kwamasiko nezombusazwe ezweni lonke. Namuhla, kuqashelwa njengophawu lobunikazi base-Argentina nokuziqhenya kwezwe.
Ikoloni yase-Argentina: Ithonya laseSpain kanye nokufika kwabantu baseYurophu kwakha umlando wezwe laseNingizimu Melika.
Umlando wase-Argentina uphawuleka ngokuba yikoloni yaseSpain kanye nokufika kwabantu baseYurophu, okwabumba isiko nomphakathi wezwe laseNingizimu Melika. Ukuba khona kwamaSpain kule ndawo kwaqala ekhulwini le-16, lapho kufika abanqobi befuna ingcebo namandla. Ithonya laseSpain lingabonakala ezicini ezihlukahlukene zesiko lase-Argentina, kuhlanganise nolimi, inkolo, nezakhiwo.
Ngaphezu kokuba khona kweSpanishi, ukufuduka kwabantu baseYurophu kwadlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhekeni kwe-Argentina yesimanje. Phakathi nekhulu le-19 nelama-20, izinkulungwane zabantu baseYurophu, ikakhulukazi amaNtaliyane nabaseSpain, zafika kuleli zwe zizofuna ukuphila okungcono. Laba bokufika baba negalelo ekuthuthukisweni kwezomnotho namasiko e-Argentina, baletha amasiko, amasu, kanye nemibono emisha.
Olunye lwezimpawu ezibaluleke kakhulu emlandweni wase-Argentina i-Cockade yase-Argentina, uphawu lukazwelonke olumele ukuzimela nobunikazi bezwe. Kodwa ubani owadala i-Argentina Cockade? Umsuka wangempela wophawu awaziwa, kodwa kukholakala ukuthi wamukelwa phakathi neNguquko kaMeyi ka-1810, lapho i-Argentina imemezela inkululeko yayo eSpain.
I-Cockade yase-Argentina yakhiwe ngemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomhlophe, efanekisela ubumsulwa nokwethembeka. Isetshenziswa ngezikhathi ezihlukahlukene, njengemibukiso yomphakathi kanye nemicimbi yokushisekela izwe, ukukhombisa ukuziqhenya nobunye babantu base-Argentina. I-Cockade yase-Argentina iwuphawu olunamandla olumelela umlando wezwe kanye nobunikazi bezwe, okubonisa ithonya laseSpain kanye nokufika kwabantu baseYurophu okulolonge i-Argentina phakathi namakhulu eminyaka.
Umlando wokwenziwa kwamakoloni e-Argentina: ukunqoba, izingxabano kanye nomthelela kubantu bomdabu.
Umlando wokubuswa kwamakoloni e-Argentina waphawulwa ngokuthi impumelelo e izingxabano ababenakho imithelela okubalulekile kubantu bomdabu bezwe. Phakathi nekhulu le-16, i-Argentina yabuswa abaseSpain, abaxhaphaza imithombo yemvelo yalesi sifunda futhi basungula uhlelo lukahulumeni olusekelwe ekwenziweni kwamakoloni nokuxhashazwa kwabantu bomdabu.
Abantu baseSpain babhekana nokuphikiswa kwabomdabu, ababelwa ngesibindi ukuze bavikele amazwe namasiko abo. Nokho, ekugcineni kwaphumelela ukuphakama kwamakoloni, okwaphumela ekubeni ukuzithoba futhi ukuhlola yabantu bomdabu.
Omunye umthelela omkhulu wokwenziwa kwamakholoni kubantu bomdabu kwaba ukucekelwa phansi emiphakathini yabo ngenxa yezifo ezilethwa abahlali bamakoloni, njengengxibongo nesimungumungwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu bomdabu baphoqwa i-converter ebuKristwini nasekuthatheni amasiko namasiko amakoloni.
Naphezu kwezingxabano nokungabi nabulungisa okwenziwe ngesikhathi sekoloni, i-Argentina ikwazile ukwakha ubuzwe obuyingqayizivele obuhlanganisa izici zombili zamasiko omdabu kanye naseYurophu. I-Argentina Cockade, isibonelo, iwuphawu lukazwelonke oluhlanganisa imibala yefulegi lase-Argentina nelanga le-Inca, elimelela ukuhlukahluka kanye isicelo umlando wezwe.
Ngamafuphi, ukwenziwa kwekoloni kwe-Argentina kwakuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi eyayinayo imiphumela okuhlala njalo kubantu bomdabu bezwe. Naphezu kwezinselele ababebhekene nazo, abantu base-Argentina bakwazi ukunqoba ubunzima futhi bakhe isizwe uyaziqhenya yamagugu ayo amasiko nomlando.
I-Cockade Argentina: Umlando, ngubani owadala?
O Isigqoko sase-Argentina Iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokumhlophe ngokukhanyayo, imibala efanayo neyefulegi lezwe. Ingolunye lwezimpawu zezwe ezidume kakhulu kuleli ngoba igqokwa esifubeni (ngakwesokunxele) noma nini lapho kugujwa usuku lwesizwe noma nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
Iphrothokholi yezimpawu zikazwelonke ivumela ukuthi isetshenziswe nsuku zonke, njengoba ukusetshenziswa kwayo kungagcini kunoma yiluphi usuku oluthile.
Naphezu kokuthandwa kangaka, akuyona imininingwane eminingi eyaziwa ngokuthi ubani owadala i-cockade yase-Argentina.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokudalwa kwayo. Omunye uthi imibala ye-cockade nokusetshenziswa kwayo (ibutho lika-Patricios kwakuyiqembu lezempi lokuqala ukulisebenzisa) lihlehlela emuva kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlasela kwamaNgisi okwenzeka phakathi kuka-1806 no-1807.
Ngokusobala, ngemva kwalesi senzakalo, yaduma kakhulu phakathi kwezakhamuzi endaweni yasemadolobheni Rio da Prata.
Umlando omncane we-cockade
Ngaphezu kwenkolelo mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwe-cockade yibutho le-patrician ngesikhathi sokuhlasela kwamaNgisi, kuthiwa yasetshenziswa okokuqala ngesikhathi se-May Revolution ngabantu ababebuthene eduze kwesakhiwo saseCabildo noma iqembu labesifazane ababaluleke kakhulu baseBuenos Aires engxoxweni noColonel Cornelio Saavedra, ngawo lowo nyaka wenguquko.
Phakathi nezimpi zokuzimela, wonke amasosha aqala ukugqoka i-cockade eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokumhlophe, ikakhulukazi lawo aholwa nguManuel Belgrano (owayezodala ifulege lase-Argentina kamuva).
Isizathu esiyinhloko iBelgrano yakhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwayo ukuthi amasosha ayengasakwazi ukugqoka imibala yaseSpain (ehlanganisa nobomvu) nokuthi kufanele kusetshenziswe imibala yawo.
Isikhungo esisemthethweni sophawu lukazwelonke
Omunye wohulumeni bokuqala iziFundazwe Ezihlangene zaseRío de la Plata ababenazo kwakuyiFirst Triumvirate.
Leli qembu lamadoda amathathu, uFeliciano Chiclana, uManuel de Serratea noJuan José Paso, babusa phakathi kukaSepthemba 1811 no-Okthoba 1812.
1. Manuel Belgrano
Ngo-1812, u-Manuel Belgrano wayesevele enokubaluleka kwezombangazwe nezempi okwamvumela ukuba alalelwe yi-First Triumvirate.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ngo-February 13, 1812, wabathumelela inothi ebacela ukuba basungule ukusetshenziswa komkhombe wasezulwini nomhlophe ngokomthetho.
Ekugcineni, i-cockade enemibala yase-Argentina, eyaziwa ngayo namuhla, yaqashelwa yi-First Triumvirate ngoFebhuwari 18, 1812.
Kuthiwa i-Belgrano idale ifulegi elinemibala efanayo egqugquzelwe isibhakabhaka esiluhlaza namafu amhlophe ase-Argentina.
Nokho, ezinye izazi-mlando zithi imibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomhlophe yayinemibala kaCharles III waseBourbon Spain.
2. Usuku Lwe-Cockade
UMkhandlu Wezemfundo WeRiphabhulikhi Yase-Argentina owasungulwa ngo-1935 ukuthi uMeyi 18 uzoqashelwa njengoSuku lwePoop, futhi bekulokhu kunjalo kusukela ngaleso sikhathi.
Nakuba usuku olumisiwe lungenaso isisekelo esiqondile somlando, lukhumbula lokho okwasungulwa yi-First Triumvirate, futhi luhlonipha lolu phawu lwesizwe wonke ama-Argentina abelana ngalo ngokuziqhenya, kusukela kwabancane kakhulu ezikoleni kuya kubantu abadala ezweni lonke.
Izinkomba
- "I-headdress yase-Argentina" e-Chamber of Deputies esifundazweni saseCorrientes (2013). Ibuyiselwe ngomhla ka-: Agasti 18, 2017 kusuka ku-hcdcorrientes.gov.ar
- "I-Headdress yase-Argentina" e-National University yaseSantiago del Estero. Kubuyiswe ngo-Agasti 18, 2017, kusuka ku-fhu.unse.edu.ar
- "Izimpawu Zokushisekela izwe" eCasa Rosada, Ihhovisi likaMongameli Wesizwe. Kubuyiswe ngo-Agasti 18, 2017, kusuka ku-casarosada.gob.ar
- "Isifundo Sezimpawu Zikazwelonke" ku-Prensanet News (2011). Kubuyiswe ngo-Agasti 18, 2017, kusukela ku-imprensanetnoticias.com.ar.